Gang (John) Xie

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• PhD in Statistics
• Statistics Support Officer at Charles Sturt University

This chapter presents a learning activity that assists people from all backgrounds in defining key terms for a unit while growing their professional identity. The activity is designed to encourage collaborative learning within the online context. The chapter includes an overview of the context within which the activity was originally developed. The...

In an increasingly global educational environment, business school accreditations are used by institutions as a signal of quality, credibility, and reliability. While academics’ perspectives on accreditation are well documented, the perspective of the external stakeholder group, ‘business professional’, is scarce. This research addresses this gap b...

This is a short article published in the December issue of AMSTATNEWS which is the monthly membership magazine of the American Statistical Association, bringing you news and notices of the ASA, its chapters, its sections, and its members. This one-page article expressed my deep concerns about the current practice of statistical analysis in scientif...

A cup of tea can be made in one of the two ways: the milk or the tea infusion was first added to the cup. The Lady Tasting Tea experiment consists in mixing eight cups of tea, four in one way and four in the other, and presenting them to the Lady for judgment in a random order. This short article presents a Bayesian Network (BN) for modelling the L...

Undertaking an authentic interprofessional simulation experience may be a useful and consistent strategy for healthcare professional students to build competencies required for a rural healthcare context. An observational comparative study design was adopted to evaluate a clinical simulation experience created to develop the interprofessional compe...

This is an updated list of selected literature on the topic of Null Hypothesis Significance Test (NHST). In the previous version there were 152 items up to year 2020 of the latest publication. In this updated version, a further 55 items were included and the majority of the newly added items are the publications after year 2020. Same as it before,...

Objective To determine the influence of screw configuration on the reduction and stabilization of simulated complete lateral condylar fracture. Study design Randomized experimental crossover study. Methods A lateral condylar fracture was simulated in 18 cadaver limbs from nine horses. Each limb underwent repair with 4.5 mm diameter cortex screws,...

This poster aims at reminding researchers of the unignorable fundamental concern of random sampling issue in statistical inferences. Random sampling refers to the process of clearly defining a target population and then a probabilistic sample(s) can be literally taken from the population. More specifically, a target population is the collection of...

This is the BN model (of the cbpp data) built by following the novel sampling-subject appraoch

This is the BN model (of the golf data) built by following the regression approach

This is the BN model (of cbpp data) built by following the regression approach

The data set 'cbpp' is a built-in example data set in the special R package 'lme4'(Bates et al., 2022; R Core Team, 2021)

the data set of a hypothetical 2 by 2 factorial design golf experiment described in page 5 of the book Design and Analysis of Experiments (Montgomery, 2005); O = oversized, R = regular-sized driver; scores were the number of strokes per round.

BN model of the first data set built by following the novel sampling-subject approach

The ultimate goal of statistical modelling is to best represent the information contained in a set of sample data. A sampling subject (i.e., an experimental unit or an observational unit on which measurements were taken) in a data collection scheme can be a person, a plant, an animal, or even an event, etc. In this study, Bayesian Network (BN) mode...

This is a rejected Letter to Editor submitted to Models in Ecology and Evolution. The specialty chief editor rejected this manuscript because 'The use/mis-use of frequentist statistical approaches in the analysis of ecological data is an ongoing subject of interest. And I generally agree with the comments you raise in the opinion piece and do feel...

Currently the production of wine grapes is not a viable business for many growers in inland Australian regions such as the Riverina and is only marginally profitable for others. This project sought to develop understanding of the social and economic drivers of prosperity and profitability for grape production by understanding inputs and outputs acr...

Currently, there is no standardized rearing method or production guidelines for non-replacement male dairy calves that maximizes their economic viability. Producers have highlighted the need to match consumer expectations, but even with broadscale welfare improvement across the dairy industry, challenges remain at providing reliable and valuable pa...

To explore Australian sheep and beef producer vulnerability to an emergency animal disease outbreak, Bayesian Network models have been developed, with the ultimate goal of creating risk management tool for outbreak preparedness. These models were developed using multiple stakeholder elicitation including modelling experts, epidemiologists and on-fa...

Aims: To investigate the relative differences in the perceptions and awareness of outbreaks of photosensitisation in Australian livestock stakeholders, including veterinarians, livestock traders and producers. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and circulated to livestock veterinarians, producers and traders in Australia via email addresses...

This presentation was delivered on 19 March 2022 on the Chinese Open Talks platform. The purpose of the presentation was to provide researchers who primarily use Chinese as their working language the full Chinese translation of Robert Andrew Matthews' article "The ASA's p -value statement, five years on" ( April 2021, Significance. https://cdn.csu....

The benefits of non-crop vegetation to conservation biological control of insect pests in adjacent crops have often been demonstrated. Other studies have established that pesticide use can negatively impact natural enemies; but little is known about the outcomes from providing non-crop vegetation in systems with pesticide use. Here we conducted a n...

These special R functions were developed (frequentist approach) for estimation and assessment of Dose-Response models used in risk analysis. The types of QMRA Dose-Response models include (1) exponential model (constant r); (2) Fractional Poisson; (3) exponential model (constant r, with immunity); (4) approximate Beta-Poisson; (5) exact Beta-Poisso...

This article was originally published as my blog post: https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3503579-1327602.html .

Through this mini-literature-review, this author would like to deliver the following messages. There is a wide agreement among the statistician community that Null Hypothesis Significance Test (NHST) is a never-justified practice that originated from confusions in the early history of modern statistics. The most important conclusion is, the concept...

Little is known about relationships between features of shark-human interactions and community expectations of authorities to respond. Previous research reports attitudes to wildlife management are influenced by context. This study comprised three phases. Phase one analysed social media related to shark management, identifying five commonly discuss...

To maintain and strengthen Australia's competitive international advantage in sheep meat and wool markets, the biosecurity systems that support these industries need to be robust and effective. These systems, strengthened by jurisdictional and livestock industry investments, can also be enhanced by a deeper understanding of individual producer risk...

Background: A range of factors may impact whether children access speech-language pathology (SLP) services, beyond their communication difficulties. For instance, co-occurring psychosocial difficulties may amplify children's observable difficulties, leading to greater access. It is important to examine such associations because they may reflect in...

If you only have time to read one article I would suggest you to read the article item [146] in this list; If you have time to read two articles I would suggest you to read items [146] and [141]; If you have time to read one book, it is item [2] (The Lady Tasting Tea) that I would recommend; If you have 30 minutes to watch a video, it is the very l...

Background Grading of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is undertaken in clinical and research settings, but the reliability of EGUS grading systems is poorly understood. Hypothesis/Objectives Investigate interobserver and intraobserver reliability of an established ordinal grading system and a novel visual analog scale (VAS), and assess the in...

Australia’s goat industry is one of the largest goat product exporters in the world, managing both farmed and wild caught animals. To protect and maintain the competitive advantage afforded to the Australian goat industry by the absence of many diseases endemic elsewhere, it is important to identify the vulnerability of producers to livestock disea...

In his 'Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science' blog Andrew Gelman wrote: "...if you’re going to give advice in a statistics book about data collection, random sampling, random assignment of treatments, etc., you should also talk about repeating the entire experiment. ...I don’t know that I’ve ever seen a statistics textbook rec...

Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this...

It is hard trying to change people's belief about and the practice towards the (?in)famous Null Hypothesis Significance Test (NHST). I presented here two letters to the Editor that have been declined for publication (in two different journals) for whoever that is interested in knowing one more example that how hard it is to get rid of the cult of N...

Context Lamb survival can be compromised by twin-bearing ewes being unable to produce enough colostrum and immunoglobulins following parturition. Without sufficient colostrum production, newborn lambs are at risk of death due to starvation, mismothering, exposure and infection. These deaths can be reduced by altering the ewe’s nutrition in the fina...

Context Twin-bearing ewes may be unable to produce enough colostrum following birth to support the survival of two lambs. This causes the newborn lambs to be at risk of death due to starvation, mismothering, cold exposure and infection. Niacin has previously been demonstrated in cattle to increase immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum, possibl...

This is an application of the simulation model developed in paper “A novel Monte Carlo simulation procedure for modelling COVID‑19 spread over time” for analyzing the data of COVID-19 second wave attack happened in Victoria state, Australia.

This is the r code file for the report "The COVID-19 second wave attack in Victoria, Australia – a story to tell".

A list of a selection of literature related to concerns/criticisms on NHST (in chronical order): If you only have time to read one article I would suggest you to read the article item [123] in this list; If you have time to read two articles I would suggest you to read items [123] and [120]; If you have time to read one book, it is item [2] (The La...

data for analysis in the report on the second wave of the COVID-19 attack

This is the full set of R code for the COVID-19 paper

This is the data file that accompanies the r code file (June 2020 version) for reproducing all the analysis results presented my the Scientific Reports paper.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread throughout most countries in the world causing heavy life losses and damaging social-economic impacts. Following a stochastic point process modelling approach, a Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to represent the COVID-19 spread dynamics. First, we examined various expected performance...

This is a poster

Correct diagnosis of cause of death is necessary to suggest the most effective management interventions to reduce perinatal lamb mortality. Haemorrhage on the surface of the brain has been used as a field diagnostic tool to allocate lambs to a cause of death category, but the usefulness of this method was unclear. This study aimed to evaluate wheth...

As per the title of the document

This is the same paper but with an updated data analysis results.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread throughout most countries in the world causing heavy life losses and damaging social-economic impacts. Following a stochastic point process modelling approach, a Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to represent the COVID-19 spread dynamics. First the simulation study was to examine vario...

BACKGROUND Ecosystem services are key to human survival. In agriculture, they offer potential to intensify production while reducing reliance on hazardous inputs, including pesticides. Nectar plants can nourish natural enemies of pests and thereby promote the ecosystem service of biological control. To date, however, the selection of optimal plants...

In this study, four Bayesian Network (BN) models were presented, representing the diversity of complex systems that a BN model could characterise for various inferential analyses. The BN models were developed using one of the most popular commercial BN software packages, Netica

Effective and adaptable biosecurity and surveillance systems are crucial for maintaining and increasing Australia's competitive advantages in international markets, and for the production of high quality, safe animal products. These systems are continuously strengthened by ongoing government and industry investment. However, a better understanding...

The aim of this study is to investigate the carcass performance and eating quality of Holstein steers in comparison to other traditional beef bred Bos Taurus steers using a consumer sensory panel.

In March 2019, American Statistical Association (ASA) proposed a call for “stop using the term ‘statistically significant’ entirely and moving to a world beyond ‘p < 0.05’” because many statistically significant results aren’t replicating. This presentation provided our understanding and suggestions on performing statistical data analysis without r...

Agro-ecological intensification (AEI) harnesses natural processes, such as pollination, that support sustainable crop production and can buffer against future food security risks. However, the transition from conventional agriculture, which relies on inputs that can damage natural ecosystem processes, to more sustainable food production under AEI,...

Predation is a key ecosystem process and central to the practice of biological control. Artificial caterpillars moulded from plasticine have been widely used to compare attack rates in a variety of field settings. A recent study extended their use to latitudinal and elevational gradients and concluded that herbivores at lower latitudes and elevatio...

This is an Introduction Presentation for Learning Bayesian Networks by hands-on practice with examples which may lead to a 3-day workshop. - The first two days of the workshop essentially covers the topics of construction and simple analysis of Bayes net and decision net (i.e., influence diagram) models; introduction to elicitation of model parame...

Let ( ) I P d denote the probability of infection at a given mean dose d . In the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) framework, the beta-Poisson dose-response model ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 , , I P d = − F α α + β −d where 1 1F (.,.,.) denotes the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function and α,β are the model parameters, remains the most popular pl...

Authors’ Response to Comment on “Guidelines for Use of the Approximate Beta-Poisson Dose–Response Model” – Previously Published Guidelines Continue to Be Ignored

One of the non-trivial task in parameter estimation with a beta-Poisson dose-response model is the evaluation of the hyper-geometric function. These r codes provide a solution by using the R functions 'hyperg_1F1' of R package 'gsl' as part of the parameter estimation procedure.

For dose–response analysis in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), the exact beta-Poisson model is a two-parameter mechanistic dose–response model with parameters and , which involves the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function. Evaluation of a hypergeometric function is a computational challenge. Denoting as the probability of infection...

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is widely accepted for characterizing the microbial risks associated with food, water, and wastewater. Single-hit dose-response models are the most commonly used dose-response models in QMRA. Denoting PI(d) as the probability of infection at a given mean dose d, a three-parameter generalized QMRA beta-P...

The exponential and beta-Poisson single-hit models are the two most commonly used dose-response models in Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). In this study, the dose-response process approach was followed to implement the single-hit dose-response models and to develop a generalized beta-Poisson dose-response model. The validity of the do...

The 95th percentile of numbers of intestinal enterococci per 100 mL, associated with estimated health risk, are used for determination of the microbial assessment category (MAC) in the National Guidelines for Managing Risks in Recreational Water published by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council in 2008. A statistical decision...

Engineers and asset managers must often make decisions on how to best allocate limited resources amongst different interrelated activities, including repair, renewal, inspection, and procurement of new assets. The presence of project interdependencies and the lack of sufficient information on the true value of an activity often produce complex prob...

Heatwaves could cause the population excess death numbers to be ranged from tens to thousands within a couple of weeks in a local area. An excess mortality due to a special event (e.g., a heatwave or an epidemic outbreak) is estimated by subtracting the mortality figure under 'normal' conditions from the historical daily mortality records. The calc...

The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and consistent AIC (Bozdogan (1987)) are applied to the problem of model selection when fitting a family of autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models to high-frequency inter-trade time intervals. A range of ACD models are fitted to two data sets: the 1990 IBM New York stock exchange data and 2006 transa...

The theoretical basis of generalised versions of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) are reviewed and used to support their use in evaluating the autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models that are widely used in the analysis of fine scale financial series. This provides a more solid theoretical underpinning, whilst allowing for greater ge...

The expected number of failures is the essential element in cost analysis for a repairable system in engineering asset management. A renewal process is typically used for modelling a repairable system with perfect repairs while a nonhomogeneous Poisson process can be used to model a repairable system with minimal repair. An asset system with imperf...

A theoretically sound and accurate empirical hazard function may be used directly for analysis of life time distribution of the continuous-time failure data or can be used as a basis for further parametric modelling analysis in asset management. For the sake of bridging the gaps between probability theory and data analysis practice, this paper star...

Undergraduate degrees in Business and Commerce usually have a compulsory paper in Business Statistics or similar, and many students who enrol in these papers are apprehensive or sceptical about studying statistics and may be unaware of the need for and relevance of statistical thinking and statistical methodologies in business. This paper describes...

A cluster point process model is considered for the analysis of fine-scale rainfall time series. The model is based on three Poisson processes. The first is a Poisson process of storm origins, where each storm has a random (exponential) lifetime. The second is a Poisson process of cell origins that occur during the storm lifetime, terminating when...

Two point processes, the Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model and the Bartlett-Lewis Pulse (BLP) model, are further developed and used to model fine scale time series. Six different ACD models are specified and fitted to two sets of real stock transaction data. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Takeuchi Information Criterion (TIC)...