Ganesh Naik

• BE (Mysore); MS (Griffith); PhD - Biomedical Signal Processing (RMIT)
• Research Theme Co-Lead at Flinders University

Study Objectives Irregular sleep is a major risk factor for adverse health. In a global sample with technology-enabled long-term objective sleep data spanning 3.5 years, we investigated variability in sleep duration and timing over weekdays, months, seasons, and years. Methods Registered users of an FDA-approved under-mattress sleep sensor who had...

Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-...

Background Given Japan's rapidly ageing demographic structure, comprehensive and long-term evaluations of its national and subnational health progress are important to inform public health policy. This study aims to assess Japan's population health, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to analyse the coun...

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular disease characterised by restricted flow and high pressure through the pulmonary arteries, leading to progressive right heart failure and death. This study reports the global burden of PAH, leveraging all available data and using methodology of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, a...

The escalating sophistication of cyber threats poses significant risks to individuals, organizations, and nations. Cybercrime, encompassing activities like hacking and data breaches, has severe economic and societal consequences. In today’s interconnected world, robust cybersecurity measures are paramount to mitigate these risks and protect sensiti...

Given their importance for health and wellness, the relationship between sleep and physical activity has garnered considerable research attention. Previous studies have, however, often been limited by relatively small and geographically limited samples, reliance on self-report measures of sleep, and little longitudinal data. We aimed to expand upon...

This study aimed to analyse the effects of co-contraction on quadriceps and hamstring muscles during sit-to-stand tasks for females wearing shoes with different heel heights. The study aimed to identify compensatory strategies during sit to stand task in response to excessive muscle co-contraction during high heeled gait. Sixteen healthy young wome...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, few prospective epidemiological studies have accounted for important T2DM predictors including pre‐diabetes status and testosterone. Participants in the longitudinal Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyles Environment and Stress (MAILES) study, w...

Smart shoes have ushered in a new era of personalised health monitoring and assistive technologies. Smart shoes leverage technologies such as Bluetooth for data collection and wireless transmission, and incorporate features such as GPS tracking, obstacle detection, and fitness tracking. As the 2010s unfolded, the smart shoe landscape diversified an...

Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditio...

Snoring may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of other co-morbidities. However, most prior studies have relied on subjective, self-report, snoring evaluation. This study assessed snoring prevalence objectively over multiple months using in-home monitoring technology, and its association with hypertension prevalence. In this st...

Smart shoes have ushered in a new era of personalized health monitoring and assistive technology. The shoe leverages technologies such as Bluetooth for data collection and wireless transmission and incorporates features such as GPS tracking, obstacle detection, and fitness tracking. This article provides an overview of the current state of smart sh...

Preclinical and human physiological studies indicate that topical, selective TASK 1/3 K ⁺ channel antagonism increases upper airway dilator muscle activity and reduces pharyngeal collapsibility during anaesthesia and nasal breathing during sleep. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of BAY2586116 nasal spray on OSA severity an...

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the subset of the Internet of Things (IoT) that connects multiple medical devices, collect information/data from devices, and transmits and process data in real-time. IoMT is crucial for increasing electronic device accuracy, reliability, and productivity in the healthcare industry. IoMT has emerged as a nex...

This study examines the application of color fundus imaging for detecting both ocular and non-ocular diseases using recent advancements in machine learning techniques. Fundus images provide essential diagnostic information for a range of retinal and systemic conditions. The review systematically explores various methods for diagnosing major eye dis...

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a multinational collaborative research study with >10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD generates a time series of summary measures of health, including prevalence, cause-specific mortality (CSMR), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disabi...

Introduction This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of patients with Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1), Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2), and Idiopathic Hypersomnolence (IH) along with diagnostic outcomes in patients referred for a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) at an Australian hospital. Methods A retrospective audit was performed of all patients who c...

Introduction Evidence-based guidelines recommend that adults should sleep 7-9hrs per/night. This study used multi-night, in-home, objective sleep duration monitoring to determine how often a large global community sample meets the recommended sleep duration range. Methods Data were analysed from registered users of the Withings Sleep Analyzer unde...

Previous prospective studies examining associations of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with future cognitive function recruited older participants, many demonstrating baseline cognitive impairment. This study examined obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture predictors of visual attention, processing speed, and execut...

The human voice is an essential communication tool, but various disorders and habits can disrupt it. Diagnosis of pathological and abnormal voices is very important. Conventional diagnosis of these voice pathologies can be invasive and costly. Voice pathology disorders can be effectively detected using Artificial Intelligence and computer-aided voi...

This study proposes a novel method for obtaining the electrocardiogram (ECG) derived respiration (EDR) from a single lead ECG and respiration-derived cardiogram (RDC) from a respiratory stretch sensor. The research aims to reconstruct the respiration waveform, determine the respiration rate from ECG QRS heartbeat complexes data, locate heartbeats,...

This book presents the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing. Initially, the nature of the most common biomedical signals, such as electroencephalography, electromyography, electrocardiography and others, is described. The theoretical basis of linear signal processing is summarized, with continuous and disc...

Background To estimate global and regional trends from 2000-2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and grey literature from 2000-2020 was carried out to estimate global and regio...

Effective monitoring of respiratory disturbances during sleep requires a sensor capable of accurately capturing chest movements or airflow displacement. Gold-standard monitoring of sleep and breathing through polysomnography achieves this task through dedicated chest/abdomen bands, thermistors, and nasal flow sensors, and more detailed physiology,...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity can vary markedly from night-to-night. However, the impact of night-to-night variability in OSA severity on key cardiovascular outcomes such as hypertension is unknown. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of night-to-night variability in OSA severity on hypertension likelihood. This...

Background: Irregularities in sleep duration and sleep timing have emerged as potential risk factors for hypertension. This study examined associations between irregularity in sleep duration and timing with hypertension in a large, global sample over multiple months. Methods: Data from 12 287 adults, who used an under-mattress device to monitor...

Background Snoring may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, most prior studies have relied on subjective snoring evaluation from self-reports, or relatively short time-scale objective measures in small samples. This study assessed the prevalence of objectively quantified snoring measured over multiple months, and its ass...

Introduction Long term CPAP therapy alters OSA endotypes (e.g., reduces loop gain and the arousal threshold). However, while oral appliance therapy (OAT) is known to improve upper airway collapsibility, its effects on non-anatomical OSA endotypes are unclear. Methods To investigate the effects of OAT on polysomnographic estimates of OSA endotypes...

Mandibular advancement therapy (MAS) is a recognised second-line therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, MAS treatment outcomes vary and are difficult to predict. Recent studies have investigated the role of OSA endotypes to predict MAS therapy outcomes. However, whether OSA endotype predictors differ between obese and non-obese people...

Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder that is usually diagnosed by using an electroencephalogram (EEG). However, EEG signals are complex, nonlinear, and dynamic, thus generating large amounts of data polluted by many artefacts, lowering the signal-to-noise ratio, and hampering expert interpretation. The traditional seizure-detection method of...

Objectif Déterminer la prévalence du SAOS à partir d’enregistrements non-intrusifs multi-nuits et l’impact de la variabilité inter-nuit sur la classification du diagnostic dans un large échantillon de population générale. Méthodes Les sujets (18–90 ans, H 78 %) ont utilisé un Withings Sleep Analyzer, placé entre sommier et matelas. L’IAH calculé p...

Purpose Loss of movement in the upper limb is a limitation that affects the lives of many individuals. This problem motivates the creation of several solutions, from intelligent biomechanical prostheses to new physical therapy approaches. However, one of the main limitations of these applications is in the detection and recognition of signal patter...

Voluntary hand movements are usually impaired after a cerebral stroke, affecting millions of people per year worldwide. Recently, the use of hand exoskeletons for assistance and motor rehabilitation has become increasingly widespread. This study presents a novel hand exoskeleton, designed to be low cost, wearable, easily adaptable and suitable for...

Rationale. Recent studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity can vary markedly from night to night which may have important implications for diagnosis and management. Objectives. This study aimed to assess OSA prevalence from multi-night in-home recordings and the impact of night-to-night variability in OSA severity on diagnostic...

Forensic speaker verification performance reduces significantly under high levels of noise and reverberation. Multiple channel speech enhancement algorithms, such as independent component analysis by entropy bound minimization (ICA-EBM), can be used to improve noisy forensic speaker verification performance. Although the ICA-EBM was used in previou...

Objective: Myoelectric control requires fast and stable identification of a movement from data recorded from a comfortable and straightforward system. Methods: We consider a new real-time pre-processing method applied to a single differential surface electromyogram (EMG): deconvolution, providing an estimation of the cumulative firings of motor...

In medical image processing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) modalities are widely used to extract soft and hard tissue information, respectively. However, with the help of a single modality, it is very challenging to extract the required pathological features to identify suspicious tissue details. Several medical imag...

Triage is the first interaction between a patient and a nurse/paramedic. This assessment, usually performed at Emergency departments, is a highly dynamic process and there are international grading systems that according to the patient condition initiate the patient journey. Triage requires an initial rapid assessment followed by routine checks of...

This book discusses recent advances in wearable technologies and personal monitoring devices, covering topics such as skin contact-based wearables (electrodes), non-contact wearables, the Internet of things (IoT), and signal processing for wearable devices. Although it chiefly focuses on wearable devices and provides comprehensive descriptions of...

As a definition, Human–Machine Interface (HMI) enables a person to interact with a device. Starting from elementary equipment, the recent development of novel techniques and unobtrusive devices for biosignals monitoring paved the way for a new class of HMIs, which take such biosignals as inputs to control various applications. The current survey ai...

Introduction The impact of night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity on important health outcomes such as blood pressure is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of night-to-night variability in the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) on hypertension risk and OSA misdiagnoses. Methods In-home nightly monitoring of...

Introduction Previous studies demonstrate that oropharyngeal exercises can reduce obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this improvement are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a speech-pathology led, targeted upper airway muscle training protocol on upper airway physiology....

Current approaches to quantify and diagnose sleep disorders and circadian rhythm disruption are imprecise, laborious, and often do not relate well to key clinical and health outcomes. Newer emerging approaches that aim to overcome the practical and technical constraints of current sleep metrics have considerable potential to better explain sleep di...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have been generally utilized for diagnostic systems. Nowadays artificial intelligence-based systems have been proposed to classify EEG signals to ease diagnosis process. However, machine learning models have generally been used deep learning based classification model to reach high classification accuracies. This...

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) provide a direct communication link between the brain and a computer or other external devices. They offer an extended degree of freedom either by strengthening or by substituting human peripheral working capacity and have potential applications in various fields such as rehabilitation, affective computing, robotics,...

Biomimicry is a field of research that uses the functional and structural components of nature, at macroscopic and microscopic scales, to inspire solutions to problems in our industrial world. Soft robotics is an area of research that uses biomimicry, in this case, mimicking skeletal muscles (referred to in this field as “muscle-mimicking actuators...

Background: The enhancement in the performance of the myoelectric pattern recognition techniques based on deep learning algorithm possess computationally expensive and exhibit extensive memory behavior. Therefore, in this paper we report a deep learning framework named 'Low-Complex Movement recognition-Net' (LoCoMo-Net) built with convolution neura...

This paper presents forcecardiography (FCG), a novel technique to measure local, cardiac-induced vibrations onto the chest wall. Since the 19th century, several techniques have been proposed to detect the mechanical vibrations caused by cardiovascular activity, the great part of which was abandoned due to the cumbersome instrumentation involved. Th...

Just as laparoscopic surgery provided a giant leap in safety and recovery for patients over open surgery methods, robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is doing the same to laparoscopic surgery. The first laparoscopic-RAS systems to be commercialized were the Intuitive Surgical, Inc. da Vinci and the Computer Motion Zeus. These systems were similar in man...

Brain tumor (BT) is one of the brain abnormalities which arises due to various reasons. The unrecognized and untreated BT will increase the morbidity and mortality rates. The clinical level assessment of BT is normally performed using the bio-imaging technique, and MRI-assisted brain screening is one of the universal techniques. The proposed work a...

Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac arrhythmia and it is characterized based on the irregular beating of atria, and as a result the abnormal atrial patterns are observed in the ECG signal. The early detection of this pathology is very helpful for minimizing the chances of stroke, other heart related disorders and coronary artery diseases. This paper p...

This paper proposes a new supervised method for blood vessel segmentation using Zernike moment-based shape descriptors. The method implements a pixel wise classification by computing a 11-D feature vector comprising of both statistical (gray-level) features and shape-based (Zernike moment) features. Also the feature set contains optimal coefficient...

Background and Objective: Mobility of subject (MoS) and muscle contraction force variation (MCFV) have been shown to individually degrade the performance of multiple degrees of freedom electromyogram (EMG) pattern recognition (PR) based prostheses control systems. Though these factors (MoS-MCFV) co-exist simultaneously in the practical use the pros...

Human machine interfaces (HMIs) are employed in a broad range of applications, spanning from assistive devices for disability to remote manipulation and gaming controllers. In this study, a new piezoresistive sensors array armband is proposed for hand gesture recognition. The armband encloses only three sensors targeting specific forearm muscles, w...

Stroke is one of the major causes of permanent disability in adults. Physical training and rehabilitation help stroke survivors to carry out their day-to-day tasks. Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely used for stroke rehabilitation and assessment of muscle activities for different force levels. In this regard, it is very important to kn...

Stretchable conductive materials are originally conceived as radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, and, under stretch, they generally function as distributed strain-gauges. These commercially available conductive elastomers have found their space in low power health monitoring systems, for example, to moni...

Traditional stethoscopes have remained virtually unchanged for nearly 200 years and remain the primary examination tool for all medical practitioners. While their use is prominent, their single user design and susceptibility to noise distortions can result in loss of critical diagnostic information. With the rise of cardiovascular disease worldwide...

From the evaluation of electrical activity of muscles to the development of myoelectric prosthetic control/manmachine interfaces, the electromyography (EMG) signal has always been the first choice for both clinicians and engineers. However, due to the many drawbacks of EMG (e.g. skin preparation, electromagnetic interferences, high sample rate, etc...

Abnormal heart rhythms are one of the significant health concerns worldwide. The current state-of-the-art to recognize and classify abnormal heartbeats is manually performed by visual inspection by an expert practitioner. This is not just a tedious task; it is also error prone and, because it is performed, post-recordings may add unnecessary delay...

This book reports on the latest advances in the study of biomedical signal processing, and discusses in detail a number of open problems concerning clinical, biomedical and neural signals. It methodically collects and presents in a unified form the research findings previously scattered throughout various scientific journals and conference proceedi...

The recently evolving remote healthcare technology could potentially aid the realization of cost-effective and lasting solutions to life-threatening diseases such as heart failure. Such a remote healthcare system should integrate an effectual heart failure risk monitoring and prediction platform. However, developing a heart failure risk (HFR) predi...

Upper limb amputation is a condition that significantly restricts the amputees from performing their daily activities. The myoelectric prosthesis, using signals from residual stump muscles, is aimed at restoring the function of such lost limbs seamlessly. Unfortunately, the acquisition and use of such myosignals are cumbersome and complicated. Furt...

In today’s world, there have been lots of unique optical character recognition systems. One drawback of these systems is that they cannot work effectively on natural scene images where the text is not only subject to different orientations, lightning, and background but can be of multiple scripts as well. The paper, proposes a state of the art algo...

Groundtruth is a Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed for the identification of key features and artifacts within physiological signals. The ultimate aim of this GUI is to provide a simple means of assessing the performance of new sensors. Secondary, to this is providing a means of providing marked data, enabling assessment of automated...

Electromyogram (EMG) pattern-recognition (PR) is the most widely adopted prostheses/rehabilitation robots control method that seamlessly support multi-degrees of freedom (MDF) function in an intuitive fashion. The feature extraction framework applied in such PR-based control essentially determines the control performance of the prosthetic device. B...

Monitoring of vital signs is critical for patient triage and management. Principal assessments of patient conditions include respiratory rate heart/pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. However, these assessments are usually carried out with multiple sensors placed in different body locations. The aim of this paper is to identify a single locatio...

Background and objective: The congestive heart failure (CHF) is a life-threatening cardiac disease which arises when the pumping action of the heart is less than that of the normal case. This paper proposes a novel approach to design a classifier-based system for the automated detection of CHF. Methods: The approach is founded on the use of the...

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) provide a direct communication link between the brain and a computer or other external devices. They offer an extended degree of freedom either by strengthening or by substituting human peripheral working capacity and have potential applications in various fields such as rehabilitation, affective computing, robotics,...

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) on lower limb muscle synchronisation during walking, using beta band (15–30 Hz) coherence analysis. Fifteen females with no previous neuromuscular disorders volunteered in this study. Surface electromyography in frequency domain was studied from rectus femori...

This paper applies a nonparametric modelling method with kernel-based regularization to estimate the carbon dioxide production during jogging exercises. The kernel selection and regularization strategies have been discussed; several commonly used kernels are compared regarding the goodness-of-fit, sensitivity, and stability. Based on that, the most...

Accurate detection and classification of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia episodes such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) and rapid ventricular tachycardia (VT) from electrocardiogram (ECG) is a challenging problem for patient monitoring and defibrillation therapy. This paper introduces a novel method for detection and classification of life-...

Background and objective EEG is a non-invasive tool for neuro-developmental disorder diagnosis and treatment. However, EEG signal is mixed with other biological signals including Ocular and Muscular artifacts making it difficult to extract the diagnostic features. Therefore, the contaminated EEG channels are often discarded by the medical practitio...

Surface electromyography (sEMG) data acquired during lower limb movements has the potential for investigating knee pathology. Nevertheless, a major challenge encountered with sEMG signals generated by lower limb movements is the inter-subject variability, because the signals recorded from the leg or thigh muscles are contingent on the characteristi...

This book reports on the latest advances in concepts and further developments of principal component analysis (PCA), addressing a number of open problems related to dimensional reduction techniques and their extensions in detail. Bringing together research results previously scattered throughout many scientific journals papers worldwide, the book p...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic gait disturbance affecting initiation and continuation of locomotion in many Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, causing falls and a poor quality of life. FOG can be experienced on turning and start hesitation, passing through doorways or crowded areas dual tasking, and in stressful situations. Electroencephalog...