Ganesh Bushi

• Researcher at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hājīpur

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health burden, often leading to microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. These complications may contribute to cognitive impairment and depression, further complicating disease management and adversely affecting quality of life. This systematic review and me...

Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a sight-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with limited tools available for early prediction. Serum creatinine, a marker of kidney function, may reflect shared microvascular pathology between diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. However, its role in predicting PDR rem...

Background Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is primarily recognized for its dermatologic and systemic symptoms. However, emerging evidence suggests a significant prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, particularly proctitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Despite the growing clinical recognition of these sym...

Background Aquatic athletes may face unique pressures related to body aesthetics and weight management, potentially increasing their risk of eating disorders (EDs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of EDs in aquatic athletes and assess the quality of the available evidence. Methods A systematic search was c...

Background Malaria is a life‐threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains a major global health issue, with 263 million cases and 597,000 deaths in 2023, primarily affecting young children and pregnant women. This review evaluates awareness, acceptance, hesitan...

Background Thyroid disorders affect the physical, behavioural, and psychological aspects of an individual, leading to poor self-rated health (SRH). Hence, we aimed to determine the prevalence of poor SRH and the factors associated with it among thyroid disorder patients. Methods This is an observational study consisting of 2336 thyroid disorder pa...

Background Diabetes is a major public health concern in India, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. With variations in disease burden across states, a detailed understanding of trends in incidence, prevalence, and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) is essential for targeted interventions. Methods This study utilized Global Bu...

Purpose Intracameral prostaglandin implants represent a novel approach to managing intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients, potentially addressing adherence issues associated with topical medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of intracameral prostaglandin implants versus topical...

Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious vision-threatening complication of diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), shares similar pathophysiological mechanisms with diabetic retinopathy, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. However, the...

Background Hernias are a major health concern in India, with varying incidence and prevalence influenced by socio-demographic factors. Despite global advances in hernia management, regional disparities are evident within India. Method This analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 to examine inguinal, femoral, and a...

Background Eating disorders (EDs) have traditionally been viewed as a Western phenomenon, but their prevalence in South Asia has risen due to urbanization, globalization, and Westernized beauty ideals. This systematic analysis examines trends and prevalence of Anorexia nervosa (AN) and Bulimia nervosa (BN) using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) d...

Background Eating disorders (EDs) are significant comorbidities in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), yet they are often under recognized. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesise existing evidence on the prevalence of EDs in SSD populations and to explore potential moderators such as geographical location...

Background Cirrhosis is a major global health concern due to its progressive nature and high risk of complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which significantly increases mortality. Quinolone antibiotics, especially norfloxacin, are commonly used for SBP prophylaxis in high‐risk cirrhotic patients, but the long‐term impact...

Maternal anaemia is a significant global health issue that adversely affects both maternal and foetal outcomes, particularly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of maternal anaemia on the risk of IUGR. We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed...

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hypertension (HTN) are common conditions with substantial health burdens. While prior studies suggest a link between GERD and HTN, findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between GERD and HTN. Method A systematic search of PubMed,...

Background The BK virus (BKV) commonly affects stem cell transplant (SCT) patients and can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), a serious condition that negatively impacts patient health. This study reviews the frequency of BKV infections in SCT patients, particularly those who develop HC. Methods We searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase up to...

Background Migraine is a common neurological disorder with potential pharmacological triggers. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), commonly prescribed for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-related gastrointestinal disorders, have been linked to headaches. However, their association with migraine remains unclear. This systematic rev...

Background Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are widespread throughout the world, it is yet unknown whether they are linked to systemic illnesses like dyslipidemia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the connection between lipid metabolism and H. pylori infection, with a particular emphasis on h...

Abstract Background: Oropouche virus (OROV), an emerging arbovirus, poses a significant public health concern in the tropical and subtropical regions of Latin America, as well as in other regions, with imported cases reported in North America and Europe. While OROV is primarily associated with acute febrile illness, especially emerging evidence sug...

Background Falls represent a significant health concern among the older adults, particularly geriatric cancer patients, due to their increased susceptibility from both age-related and cancer treatment-related factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global data on the prevalence and risk of falls in this population to i...

Background Neonatal disorders represent a significant public health challenge, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where they account for 79% of global neonatal mortality. South Asia, comprising countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, bears a disproportionately high burden, contributing to 38% of the world's n...

Advancements in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are ushering in a new era in oncology, targeting unique genetic alterations within tumors to enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Neoantigens, specific to cancer cells and absent in normal tissues, are at the heart of these vaccines, promising to direct the immune system specificall...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and affects millions of people globally. Even after advancement and development in medical science, it is a big task to achieve victory over type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM can be a reason for fatal events like stroke, cardiac failure, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Many advance...

Background: Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, significantly impacting quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and an increased risk of asthma. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the relationship...

Background Vaccine acceptance among People Living with HIV (PLWH) is crucial for managing and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases, including Mpox. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the rate of vaccine acceptance for Mpox among PLWH and identify factors influencing these rates. Methods We searched major databases including Pu...

Background Headache disorders, including migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH), are major contributors to global disability. In South Asia, where these conditions are often underdiagnosed, their burden has grown substantially. This study evaluates trends in headache disorders across eight South Asian countries from 1990 to 2021, using data fro...

Background Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition, is hypothesized to influence cognitive health; however, the precise nature of this association remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to elucidate the prevalence and risk of cognitive impairment in individuals with asthma. Methods A comprehensive literature sear...

Objectives This study aims to analyze the trends in the burden of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (ADoD) in South Asia from 1990 to 2021, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The objective is to identify key risk factors, such as metabolic and behavioral health risks, and assess regional...

Purpose: Refractive errors (REs) are a significant cause of vision impairment and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are the most prevalent forms. In developing regions, including India, the prevalence and impact of REs, particularly among school-aged children, is profound, affecting their academic...

Background Hydrocarbon exposure, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is increasingly linked to vascular dysfunction and stroke, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Common in occupational and environmental contexts, hydrocarbons induce oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and...

Background and Objective As the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, addressing its associated health risks, including colorectal cancer (CRC), is important. This study examines the relationship between the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and the risk of CRC in comparison with other ant...

Background HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health concern in South Asia, and trends in disease burden vary across the region. This study analyzed spatial and temporal trends in HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐ye...

Background and Objective Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, providing metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. However, concerns have emerged about potential neuropsychiatric side effects, including suicidal ideation and behaviour, prompting investigations by regulatory bodies su...

Background: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a re-emerging viral disease. Vaccine acceptance is crucial for preventing its spread. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the acceptance of the Mpox vaccine among student populations. Methods: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, up to 14 Sept...

Background and Objective: IDA and chronic headache disorders such as migraines and tension-type headaches are common conditions that significantly affect quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between these two conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore and quantify the association betwee...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. This study aims to analyze regional trends and project future burden of COPD in India using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2021. Methods: This analysis ut...

Background Recent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) have raised concerns about its complications, including ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and potential vision impairment. The lack of comprehensive data on these ocular complications hinders the development of effective clinical guidelines. This review aim to synthesize exi...

Background and objective Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, presents major health challenges worldwide, leading to serious neurological and musculoskeletal issues that impact patients' lives and healthcare systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence and link between Lyme disease and these complicatio...

Background Cannabis is the third most widely used psychoactive substance globally, and its consumption has been increasing, particularly with the growing trend of legalization for medicinal and recreational use. Recent studies have raised concerns about the potential impact of cannabis on respiratory health, specifically the risk of asthma, a signi...

Background Oral cancer, including malignancies of the lip, and oral cavity, is associated with significant psychological distress, increasing the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Despite its severe morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of SI and SA and their associated risk factors remain unclear. This systematic review a...

Background Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on healthcare resources in endemic areas. This study aims to systema...

Background Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that has seen a resurgence in recent years, with outbreaks reaching beyond its traditional endemic zones in Central and West Africa to parts of Europe and North America. The relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and mpox outcomes, particularly hospitalization rates, remains und...

Sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) regulates sex hormone availability and is influenced by metabolic factors. Variations in SHBG levels during pregnancy may affect the development of hypertensive disorders such as gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE). This systematic review and meta‐analysis explores the potential of SHBG as a bioma...

Objective: Asthma poses a significant health burden in South Asia, with increasing incidence and mortality despite a global decline in age-standardized prevalence rates. This study aims to analyze asthma trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asia. The study a...

Background Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) plays a critical role in regulating androgen bioavailability and has been hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk, though existing evidence is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between SHBG levels and prostate cancer risk. Methods A compreh...

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increasingly recognized for its potential role in the pathogenesis of AF through mechanisms involving atrial remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. This systematic review aims to synthesize available eviden...

Background The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031. Researc...

Introduction: Dengue fever is a significant health concern globally, especially in tropical regions. Identifying reliable markers for severe dengue, such as hypoalbuminemia, is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This review systematically explores the association between hypoalbuminemia and severe dengue. We searched databases i...

Background Pneumococcal disease, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, imposes a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is designed to protect against 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is ongo...

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re‐emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to...

The potential of biomaterials in medical sciences has attracted much interest, especially in promoting tissue regeneration and controlling immune responses. As COVID-19 pandemic broke out, there was an increased interest in understanding more about how biomaterials could be employed to fight this dreaded disease, especially in the context of regene...

Objectives The objectives of this study were to analyze trends in prostate cancer incidence, incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 via data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in South Asia. Additionally, the study projects future prostate cancer incidence rates up to 2031 to inform public heal...

Background: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a re-emerging viral disease. Vaccine acceptance is crucial for preventing its spread. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the acceptance of the Mpox vaccine among student populations. Methods: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to September...

Background Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurologi...

Objectives Integrating digital technology into daily life has made video games a primary form of entertainment for adolescents worldwide. Despite their benefits, excessive gaming has emerged as a significant public health issue, recognized as a gaming disorder by the World Health Organization in the ICD-11. This study aims to assess the prevalence...

West Nile Virus (WNV), first identified in Uganda in 1937, remains a significant global health threat, adapting across diverse ecosystems and expanding geographically, particularly into temperate regions of Europe and North America. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the latest insights and challenges in WNV management, focusing on...

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by transient constriction and dilation of cerebral arteries, leading to severe headaches and neurological deficits. This case report describes a 41-year-old woman with chronic anemia, acute chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and rheumat...

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by transient constriction and dilation of cerebral arteries, leading to severe headaches and neurological deficits. This case report describes a 41‐year‐old woman with chronic anemia, acute chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and rheumat...

Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are more vulnerable to infectious and non-infectious comorbidities due to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Air pollution is a major global health risk, contributing to millions of deaths annually, primarily from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, the link between air pollution and...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health, with emerging evidence suggesting substantial effects on maternal and neonatal health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the prevalence and risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus re...

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with increased prevalence in individuals with chronic liver conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown promise in diabetes management and may influence liver disease progression. Thi...

Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by gluten intolerance, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal system but potentially influencing cardiovascular health. Emerging evidence suggests an association between CD and myocardial infarction (MI), though studies have produced inconsistent results. This study aimed to s...

Background As e-cigarettes gain popularity as potential tobacco cessation aids, concerns arise about their dual use with traditional cigarettes, especially among pregnant women, potentially subjecting both women and fetuses to heightened risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of dual use of tobacco...

Background The global COVID-19 vaccination campaign, with 13.53 billion doses administered by early 2024, has significantly reduced severe illness and mortality. However, potential adverse effects, such as Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), have raised concerns. This systematic review evaluates the incidence, mechanisms, and clinical...