Galib Ruknuddin

All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi · Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics)

BACKGROUND “ Ayush Ahara ” confluences advanced food technology with Ayurveda to develop dietary products rooted in traditional medicine. Here, Amla (Indian gooseberry), a medicinal fruit well-known for its health benefits, was used to develop a novel dietary product —Amla Nutri-bar (ANB). Furthermore, this research aims to substantiate its therape...

BACKGROUND Panjeeri laddu (PL), a traditional dietary regime popular in Himachal Pradesh and other northern parts of India, is utilized for postpartum care. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile, sensory analysis of PL, which may highlight its potential health benefits. In addition, HPTLC and FTIR analysis were performed to further c...

Background Charak Samhita , an ancient Ayurvedic text, offers a vast repository of effective polyherbal formulations for treating various diseases. Ensuring the standardization and authentication of these compound formulations is crucial for quality control and enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Establishing reliable data to set standard paramet...

Background According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. O...

Rasa Sindura (RS) is an Ayurvedic medicine that has been used for centuries to treat chronic ailments. It is composed of processed mercury and sulfur, which are known to be toxic elements, raising potential safety concerns regarding the therapeutic use of RS. Recent studies have reported the effects of RS in chronic diseases on experimental animals...

Background Ayurvedic manuscripts describe five distinct techniques to purify sulfur, each designed to improve its purity, quality, and effectiveness. The complexity of these methods emphasizes the importance of being meticulous in ensuring the purification of sulfur, which is a crucial step in maintaining the high standards of quality and safety th...

Arya Vaidya Sala (AVS), Kottakkal, is an internationally reputed charitable institution committed to providing integrated health care for the last 122 years. Dr. P. K. Warrier, the legendary Ayurveda physician, led this institution for seven decades as the chief physician and the managing trustee. As a tribute, this article endeavors to offer a gli...

Background The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has negatively impacted the lives of people globally. To date, no specific treatment has emerged to combat the disease. Hence, there is an urge for immediate therapy against infections like COVID-19 through the inclusion of various traditional medicines including Ayurveda. Methods This retrospective stu...

BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. O...

The time is to understand the sensitivity of the issue. Many of the Scoping Reviews gathered incomplete/unsatisfactory information because of multiple variants for formulations and/or Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana procedures. Developing a document of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana exclusively focusing on standard terminology on similar l...

Among various gastric diseases, peptic ulcer is commonly reported in practice. The exact etiology is unknown however, offensive and defensive factors and no acid no ulcer theories are nearer to its etiology. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the causative factors, responsible for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Various treatment modal...

Guduchi is a herb that has been used extensively throughout history from ancient times to modern days with encouraging medicinal value and tremendous potential in terms of health benefits. This dossier is a comprehensive review of literature related to Guduchi and its benefits for the promotion of health. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) Technical Do...

Ashwagandha is a herb that has been used extensively throughout history from ancient times to modern days with encouraging medicinal value and tremendous potential in terms of health benefits. This dossier is a comprehensive review of literature related to Ashwagandha and its benefits for the promotion of health.

Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which deals mainly with Aushadha nirmana, by using the tools like Samyoga, Vishlesha, Kala, Samskara and Yukti. Sneha Kalpana is one such aushadha kalpanas which contains water and lipid soluble active principles. Adityapaka (heating through Sunrays/solar radiation/solar resource)is a type of sneha kalpana...

Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Linn. Dunal) is an important and frequently used herb in Ayurvedic therapeutics. Its numerous parts, including flowers, leaves and roots, are said to have wide range of health-encouraging properties. Although Ashwagandha's root have been used traditionally, it necessitates sacrificing the whole plant. S...

BACKGROUND Bhallataka Rasayana (BR), an Ayurvedic formulation, contains Bhallataka ( Semecarpus anacardium L.f.) as the main ingredient. This ingredient is well-known for its anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-reproductive, CNS stimulant, hypoglycemic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. Although it is an effectiv...

The present paper covers the history of Pharmacovigilance in India. Earlier also, attempts were made to compile the history of Pharmacovigilance, but in bits and pieces. While writing the history of any episode, chapter, or section, one should not be biased and prejudiced. The discipline of Pharmacovigilance in India evolved with the contribution o...

Objective The world continues to face the COVID-19 crisis, and efforts are underway to integrate traditional medicine interventions for its effective management. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the “AYURAKSHA” kit in terms of post-interventional percentage of COVID-19 IgG positivity, immunity levels, and quality of life (QoL) against C...

Materiovigilance is regulatory system to study and follow incidents that might result from using medical devices. To trail the occurrence of untoward effects associated with medical devices as well as to document and prevent their recurrence; the Indian Pharmacopeia Commission initiated Materiovigilance program in India (MvPI) in 2015. Classical te...

Salt plays an important role in maintaining normal physiology of the human body health. Salts are referred as Lavana in Ayurveda that are vital ingredients in food and in medicine as well. Traditionally, Ayurveda classics distinguish several varieties of Lavanas . Specific salts have been described along with respective properties and actions. Char...

Background: Cucurbitaceae is a family of health-promoting plants due to their compounds with beneficial effects. This is a family of about 130 genera and about 800 species. Seeds or fruit parts of some cucurbits are reported to possess many therapeutic activities. Benincasa hispida Thumb. familiarly known as Kushmanda and Cucurbita maxima Duchesne...

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards pharmacovigilance for Ayurveda among the teachers and practitioners working in Ayurveda colleges of Gujarat State. Materials and methods: A survey questionnaire with 29 questions covering points like participants' knowledge, attitude and practice towards pharm...

In addition to the efforts of Cabell’s International, Beall’s list of potential predatory journals and publishers, and notification by UGC‑CARE; it is high time to keep a vigilant watch on the possibility of emerging cloning journals in the near future. Although no such cloning has been reported so far in AYUSH systems, it becomes the prime respons...

Guduchi is a herb that has been used extensively throughout history from ancient times to modern days with encouraging medicinal value and tremendous potential in terms of health benefits. This dossier is a comprehensive review of literature related to Guduchi and its benefits for the promotion of health. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) Technical Do...

Tinospora cordifolia (TC) has been reported to prevent hepatotoxicity, whereas other species like Tinospora crispa may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Thus, consumers might develop hepatic injury without correctly identifying the plants that they are consuming. Having proper identification of the source plant becomes a mandate before its use. A...

Respiratory ailments represent over 10% of all disability-adjusted life-years, a statistic that reflects the measure of active and productive life lost owing to a condition. A large number of Confections (Avaleha) have been recommended in various authoritative treatises by ancient seers for different respiratory disorders. Kushmanda Avaleha is one...

The traditional systems of medicine in India are Ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and homoeopathy (AYUSH). There are provisions in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945 for the regulatory framework and for monitoring the quality, safety and efficacy of medicines belonging to AYUSH systems. To collect, coll...

Acid peptic disorders are common conditions reported in daily clinical practice in India. Epidemiological study of 30,216 patients inferred 7.8% prevalence of peptic ulcer in India, while prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux is reported to be around 28% in South West India. Repeated gastric ulcers, perforation, or hemorrhage can cause intestinal f...

BACKGROUND Kajjali (black sulfide of mercury) is prepared with mercury and sulfur as per Ayurvedic classics and is an important ingredient in many Rasaushadhis (herbo-mineral/metallic drugs)/Ayurvedic medicines. Here, an attempt has been made to understand its chemical composition and microstructure characterization of this drug using AAS/ICP-AES,...

BACKGROUND: Kajjali (black sulfide of mercury) is prepared with mercury and sulfur as per Ayurvedic classics and is an important ingredient in many Rasaushadhis (herbo-mineral/metallic drugs)/ Ayurvedic medicines. Here, an attempt has been made to understand its chemical composition and microstructure characterization of this drug using AAS/ICP-AES...

Background Shelf life is the time period until a product retains its therapeutic attributes and fit for use, consumption, or sale. Every product in this universe has definite shelf life. In Ayurveda texts, shelf life is referred as Saviryata avadhi that is defined as the time period during which the potency ( Virya ) of any drug remains unaffected....

Presented on 10th December 2021

Ayurveda focuses upon preventing and promoting health along with curing of diseases in a systematic way. Ayurvedic literature has numerous single and compound plant-based, herbo-mineral, herbo-metallic formulations for general well being and in disease-specifi c conditions relating to geriatrics. Rasayana is a specialized branch that deals with the...

Product processing

Pharmaceutical databases

Concerns on Toxicity of Ayurveda Formulations

Sars Cov-2 has emerged as a global threat worldwide. India has also been severely affected by it and is currently the second worse affected nation. As it is a novel virus, there is no specific treatment strategy as of date. A mild symptomatic case of COVID-19 was managed through Ayurvedic intervention involving a personalized approach based on his...

Bhallataka Taila (Oil) is extracted with the help of Patala Yantra. It is one of the important formulations in Ayurveda pharmaceutics. Shelf life for various dosage forms are described in Ayurveda classics. In the current scenario, the amendment of Rule No. 161-B of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940, specifies the maximum shelf life of Ayurvedic form...

The role of a physician in health care is pivotal and this has been immensely emphasized in classical literature. The world has recognized the duty of a physician to guide and assure the patients in health-care systems. They treat patients with acute disease, reassure patients with self-limiting disease, managing chronic patients, counsel patients...

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Miers) is a flagship rejuvenating herb of Ayurveda with reported anti-diabetic potential. In the present study, different dosage forms of Guduchi stem (growing on neem tree) were developed by adopting Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process of Bhavana (levigation). Guduchi Churna (GC) was subjected to 07 times Bhavan...

Context: SARS-CoV-2 is a global public-health concern. Interventions to prevent infection are urgently needed. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of neem make it a potential agent for COVID-19 prophylaxis. Objective: The study intended to evaluate the prophylactic effects of neem capsules for persons at high risk of COVID-19 infection d...

Background Sars Cov-2 has emerged as a global threat since its onset in December 2019. India has also been severely affected by the dreadful Corona Virus and is currently battling one of the worst pandemics of history. WHO and the world medical fraternity are putting their efforts to materialize a treatment or vaccine for this novel virus. A random...

Cell phones have become necessity in all age groups in current scenario. The rate of its use is continuously increasing and is affecting the most energetic group of population i.e. adolescents. India has the highest mobile phone users in the world after Korea. In India among 143 million social media users, 12% are school children. Data related to t...

Introduction: SARS‐CoV‐2, a global pandemic that caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, even in the second wave. Multiple factors influence the disease burden including the vicious circulating virus characteristics, complications, limitations of the existing medicine, aggravation of the disease, and comorbidities in older people. In...

Makaradhwaja is a mercury-based formulation, frequently being used by Ayurveda professionals in the management of various diseases. However, quality and safety concerns are being witnessed in the recent past on these traditional formulations, which are letting down reputation of the system. Thus manufacturing of quality formulations, establishing p...

Introduction: In Ayurveda, metals and minerals are converted into biocompatible forms through specified classical procedures like Shodhana, Marana, etc. before their therapeutic use. Their frequent use without any noticeable side effects since ages is the ultimate proof of safety. But, safety and toxicity concerns are being raised by conventional r...

Background The word Rasa-sindoor was first mentioned in Rasendra Chintamani . Rasa-sindoor is therapeutically very effective and being indicated in various diseases. It is a mercury- and sulfur-based Rasaushadhis (herbomineral/metallic preparations) prepared by the Kupi Pakva procedure. Here an attempt has been made to prepare and understand its ch...

Introduction: Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium L.), commonly known as "marking nut," has vast applicability in indigenous system of medicine and is indicated in many ailments such as skin disorders, tumors and malignant growth, fungal disease, excessive menstruation, vaginal discharge, fever, hemoptysis, constipation, and intestinal parasites. Abo...

Objective: Shelf life is the period during which the potency (Virya) of a drug remains unaffected due to environmental factors or from microbial contamination. Considering the growing popularity of Ayurveda products, it becomes important to maintain the quality of all such products. Shelf life is one of the essential components under quality and ne...

Background: Majority of the population relies on traditional medicines for many of their health related problems. Particularly individuals with chronic illness like diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to simultaneously use herbal medicines. Many of such users believe that traditional medicines are natural and therefore safe, but this is a dange...

Ayurvedic management of rheumatoid arthritis

Background: The concept of Saviryata Avadhi (shelf life) of different Ayurveda dosage forms is well described in Sharngadhara saṃhita. Shelf life is an important component and is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations t...

Background Shelf life is the length of time, after which all substances start to degrade in their qualities and become unsuitable for consumption or sale. Every product has definite shelf life, which depends on various physical, chemical, environmental, and biological factors. Shelf life of various compound formulations was clarified in the classic...

Background: Guḍuchi Satva is frequently utilized drug among Ayurvedic physicians for conditions such as Jvara (fever), Daha (burning sensation) and other Pitta predominant conditions. Because of its numerous medicinal attributes, many pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing this formulation. This article is intended to check the difference in or...

Objective: The objective of this study was standardization and Chemical characterization of rasamanikya prepared as per standard operating procedures (SOP) mentioned in the classical text. Methods: Rasamanikya was prepared by putting churnodaka shodhita haratala (Orpiment-As2S3) between two abhraka (white mica) sheets which are heated for a while t...

Background: Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa (LSR) is a herbo mineral formulation containing Shuddha Gairika (Fe2O3) and Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Roxb.) with the levigation of Nagawalli Swarasa (fresh juice of Piper betel Linn.) prepared as per the reference of Rasatarangini Parishistha. This is an important formulation in Ayurveda therapeutics, but it...

Background: Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents have several limitations, due to which people are moving towards use of traditional medicines. Considering this, the current attempt is aimed to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of a poly-herbal formulation Śirīṣāvaleha prepared in presence of water and Kanji (sour gruel). Ka...

Background Ayurveda, systematically evolved science of the universe, focuses on preventing, preserving health, and curing diseases in a comprehensive way. This heritage is survived through the ages and Ministry of Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) took a number of initiatives to showcase its usefulness at global...

Background: To protect the massive trust of patient in Ayurveda, a need aroused for the researches to ascertain the quality, safety & efficacy of herbo-mineral preparations on scientific lines. The rasa-aushadhis are having qualities such as instant effectiveness, requirement in very small dosage and ample therapeutic utility. Mahalaxmi Vilas Rasa...

Context With increasing popularity, the quality of medicines has become an important issue. Shelf life is an important component that is mandatory to be displayed on the label of all medicinal products. This is also applicable to Ayurveda; thus, it becomes essential to establish shelf life of formulations that are being marketed and used in therape...

Background Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Siddha Taila (LMST) is a herbal formulation containing 10 herbal drugs, i.e., Lekhaniya Mahakashaya Gana mentioned in the Charak Samhita Shadvirechana Shatashritiya chapter. This is an important formulation in Ayurveda therapeutics, but its shelf life is not evaluated till date. The Government of India Gazette speci...

Background: Swarna Makshika (SM) is a brassy golden yellowish mineral with chemical composition of CuFeS2 that is widely used in therapeutics to treat various disease conditions such as Prameha (diabetes), Panḍu (anemia), Kushtha (skin diseases) and Jwara (fever). This mineral needs to be processed by the following specified Ayurveda guidelines in...

CONTEXT: The different dosage forms of Ayurveda are mostly prepared in the presence of Jala (water) as Drava dravya (extracting medium). Transfer of the medicinal properties of any Dravya (drug) is done on the virtue of Drava dravya (liquid medium). Screening through the classics reveal that seers used Drava such as Kshira (cow's milk), Gomutra (co...

Bhallataka Phala (fruit of Semecarpus anacardium L.), is a well-known anti-hyperlipidaemic drug. Bhallataka is described in all Ayurvedic classics as Rasayana and advocated for various therapeutic purposes such as Kushtha (skin diseases), Arsha (piles), Krimi (worm infestations), Prameha (urine disorders), Medodosha (lipid disorders), etc. Though i...

Introduction In Ayurveda, metals and minerals are converted into biocompatible forms through specified classical procedures like Shodhana, Marana, etc. before their therapeutic use. Their frequent use without any noticeable side effects since ages is the ultimate proof of safety. But, safety and toxicity concerns are being raised by conventional re...

Introduction: Avaleha (Linctus) is a unique dosage form of Ayurveda that is frequently used in various disorders and as Rasāyana (Immunomodulators). Aṣṭāngavaleha is one such formulation being used for Śvāsa (Asthma), Jvara (Fever), Hikkā (Hiccup) and Kāsa (Cough). Aṣṭāngavaleha has not been mentioned in Brūhattrayī. It had been extensively reviewe...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an auto-immune inflammatory disease is one of the challenging conditions for the physicians to handle due to its chronicity, incurability, complications, morbidity, etc. In spite of potent anti-inflammatory agents and powerful immune-suppressive agents, its prognosis is not good, as these drugs have certain limitations in...

Drugs fulfilling the criterion of a standard drug will always become panacea provided, if they are used properly. On the other hand, a poorly manufactured drug however used skillfully, will prove to be a poison. Texts of Ayurveda, do mention hazards of drugs, which are not properly manufactured or administered. Art of drug administration is unique...