Gaëlle Bouju

• PhD
• Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes

Background Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses a global health challenge, and despite medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and psychosocial interventions, relapse remains a significant concern. Comorbid psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are one of the major factors associated with poor OUD treatment...

Le craving est reconnu comme un facteur clé dans le pronostic des addictions et des troubles alimentaires selon la littérature récente et la cinquième édition du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux. Malgré de nombreuses recherches, les théories ne parviennent pas à présenter les différents aspects du craving et à les relier entr...

Background and aims While the concept of recovery is receiving increasing attention in the context of gambling disorder (GD), no consensus has yet been reached regarding its definition. This scoping review aims to map the literature on GD recovery, identify gaps, and provide insights for a more holistic and patient-centred perspective. Methods A s...

Objective A large body of literature has examined the links between the use of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the development of “impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs).” Little is known regarding the link between the development of ICBs and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to explore the factors t...

The purpose of the eSMILE study was to explore social cognition (SC) in the two behavioural addictions (BAs) included in international classifications: gaming disorder and gambling disorder. In these disorders, cognitive functioning is involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. Nevertheless, SC have received less attention than other...

Playing video games is associated with cognitive changes and possibly psychosocial difficulties. Problematic gaming occurs upon the loss of control over videogame playing; gaming disorder is considered a behavioral addiction in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. Models used to understand behavioral addictions include...

Introduction: Since the first description of sex addiction (SA) by Carnes, research on this problematic behaviour has continued to grow, and the association with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appears to be frequent. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of a history of probable ADHD in a population of patients with SA and to...

Background and aims: The lockdown of sports and gambling venues during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a fear of increased gambling on other online gambling types, with a risk for transfer to more addictive gambling than otherwise. This study aimed to estimate changes in gambling activity during COVID-19-affected periods am...

Background: In recent years, many studies have explored the associations among impulsivity, history of abuse, the emergence of eating disorders with episodes of binge eating (EDBE) and their severity. Nevertheless, factors associated with successful clinical outcomes of EDBE are still unknown. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that a history...

Background and aims This research aimed to characterize social information processing abilities in a population of regular nondisordered poker players compared to controls. Methods Participants completed the Posner cueing paradigm task including social cues (faces) to assess attention allocation towards social stimuli, including the effect of the...

The structural addictive characteristics of gambling products are important targets for prevention, but can be unintuitive to laypeople. In the PictoGRRed (Pictograms for Gambling Risk Reduction) study, we aimed to develop pictograms that illustrate the main addictive characteristics of gambling products and to assess their impact on identifying th...

Les troubles addictifs et de l’humeur sont fréquemment cooccurrents. Le trouble lié au jeu d’argent est ainsi souvent accompagné de troubles de l’humeur, notamment d’épisode dépressif majeur, de trouble bipolaire ou de comportement suicidaire. De nombreuses études ont observé leur association, évalué leur prévalence et leur chronologie d’apparition...

Background and aims: Gambling disorder is characterized by problematic gambling behavior that causes significant problems and distress. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for screening online problem gamblers based on players' account data. Methods: Two random samples of French online gamblers in skill-based (poker, hors...

Background and aims Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. First-line medications consist of drugs that act by counteracting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, iatrogenic impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) can occur in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness. ICBs...

Introduction Dual diagnosis (DD) is defined as the co-occurrence of at least a psychiatric disorder and at least an addictive disorder. Most studies about DD considered substance use disorders. In 2018, gaming disorder (GD) was recognized as a formal disorder and integrated into the category of addictive disorders in the 11th version of the Interna...

Background The resurgence of heroin use and the misuse of pharmaceutical opioids are some of the reasons for a worldwide increase in opioid dependence. Opioid Medication Therapies (OMT) have amply demonstrated their efficacy. From a medical point of view, the main objectives of OMT concern medical and social outcomes, centred on risk reduction and...

PurposeMethods for response shift (RS) detection at the individual level could be of great interest when analyzing changes in patient-reported outcome data. Guttman errors (GEs), which measure discrepancies in respondents’ answers compared to the average sample responses, might be useful for detecting RS at the individual level between two time poi...

Background and aims Since June 2018, gaming disorder (GD) has been recognized as a disease. It is frequently associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as there are common vulnerability factors and bidirectional interactions between the two disorders. This study aims to evaluate the presence of ADHD symptoms and predictive fac...

Aims To estimate whether the use of wagering inducements has a significant impact on the gambling behaviors of online gamblers and describe this temporal relation under naturalistic conditions. Design This longitudinal observational study is part of the second stage of the Screening for Excessive Gambling Behaviors on the Internet (EDEIN) research...

Background: Many features of Internet gambling may impact problem severity, particularly for vulnerable populations (availability, anonymity, a convenience and ease of play, digital forms of payment, and a higher level of immersion). To prevent the risks associated with excessive gambling and to inform gamblers, we need responsible gambling strateg...

Introduction Only two behavioral addictions (BAs) are currently recognized in international classifications (gambling disorder: GbD; gaming disorder: GmD), while some of them await further investigation (food addiction: FA; sexual addiction: SA). Neurocognitive functioning is considered a risk factor for BAs. Research is quite abundant for GbD and...

Aims Negative and Positive urgency are emotion-related impulsivity traits that are thought to be transdiagnostic factors in psychopathology. However, it has recently been claimed that these two traits are closely related to each other and that considering them separately might have limited conceptual and methodological value. The present study aime...

Introduction Les jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) sont de plus en plus pratiqués sur Internet. Certaines personnes développent des comportements de jeu excessifs impactant significativement la vie quotidienne (dépendance, isolement, endettement, stress, etc.). Dans le même temps, les nombreuses données stockées par les opérateurs de jeu en ligne of...

Background Social communication disorder (SCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes communication difficulties. Literature linking SCD and addictions is scarce, and there are only a few case reports regarding the co-occurrence of addiction and autism disorder spectrum, and only one of them addressed behavioural addictions. Case presentat...

Background and aims: Few studies have been conducted on the long-term evolution of gambling disorder (GD). The aim of this study was to identify factors that could predict GD relapse. Methods: Data were part of a dataset from a large 5-year cohort of gamblers who were assessed at inclusion and each year thereafter. Participants were recruited fr...

(1) Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex condition that can require long-term treatment. Pharmacological therapy for OUD involves treatment with opioid agonists (OMT) tailored to individual profiles. The aim of our study in daily clinical practice was to compare the profiles of patients treated with methadone (MTD) and those using bup...

Introduction: The influence of marketing on addictive behaviours has been studied among tobacco and alcohol users. Although the fashion industry is highly influenced by marketing, research has poorly studied vulnerability to fashion marketing as a factor related to buying-shopping disorder (BSD) while considering psychological characteristics (buy...

Wagering inducements are part of loyalty/reward programs implemented by online gambling operators to retain or attract consumers. They constitute incentives to bet that are offered to gamblers provided that they perform certain betting-related activities. They are often considered risk factors for gambling problems, but studies exploring the actual...

Introduction En France, environ trois millions de personnes jouent à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) sur Internet. On estime que 22 % d’entre eux ont un comportement de jeu problématique, c’est-à-dire des personnes dont la pratique de jeu engendre des problèmes d’ordre social, personnel ou professionnel. Afin d’éviter la survenue de ces problè...

The concept of “food addiction” (FA) has aroused much focus because of evidence for similarities between overeating and substance use disorders (SUDs). However, few studies have explored this concept among the broad spectrum of eating disorders (ED), especially in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to assess FA prevalence in ED female patients...

Background and aims Strategic games, such as poker, require gamblers to develop several skills to perform better than others and to expect a potential gain. Players must remain as unpredictable and unreadable as possible by inhibiting the expression of their emotions in response to both good and bad poker events. The aim of the present study was to...

In view of the growing interest regarding binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of television (TV) series in a single sitting) research, two measures were developed and validated to assess binge-watching involvement (“Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire”, BWESQ) and related motivations (“Watching TV Series Motives Questi...

Our objective was to identify meaningful subgroups of buyers based on psychological risk factors for compulsive buying. A community sample of 242 adult women fulfilled an online survey exploring buying habits and motives, impulsivity, self-esteem, and severity of compulsive buying. A latent class cluster analysis was performed. A nonproblematic clu...

Background: Internet gamblers may be at risk for excessive gambling, but internet gambling also provides a unique opportunity to monitor gambling behavior in real environments and intervene early with those who encounter difficulties. Objective: The objective of the present study was to model the early gambling trajectories of online lottery gam...

Objectives Gambling characteristics are factors that could influence problem gambling development. The aim of this study was to identify a typology of gamblers to frame risky behaviour based on gambling characteristics (age of initiation/of problem gambling, type of gambling: pure chance/chance with pseudoskills/chance with elements of skill, gambl...

BACKGROUND Individuals who gamble online may be at risk of gambling excessively, but internet gambling also provides a unique opportunity to monitor gambling behavior in real environments which may allow intervention for those who encounter difficulties. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to model the early gambling trajectories of individu...

Background and aims: The Pathways Model (Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) posits that problem gambling is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct subgroups (behaviorally conditioned gamblers, emotionally vulnerable gamblers, and antisocial-impulsivist gamblers). Impulsivity traits and gambling-related cognitions are recognized as two key psychological f...

Purpose of Review The aim of this article was to review current research regarding social cognition (SC) in gambling disorder (GD), to (i) compile and synthetize the current state of existing literature on this topic, and (ii) propose cognitive remediation therapy approaches focused on SC for clinicians. Recent Findings It is well known that disor...

The original article unfortunately contained a mistake. Some references mentioned in Table 1 have been misplaced and not included in the final bibliography.

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a worldwide major health concern due to increased early mortality and morbidity. Opioid substitution therapy (OST) is approved in the context of a global OUD treatment (OUDT), in conjunction with psychosocial interventions. Many factors can explain why unsuccessful treatment rates remain high. While the phen...

Gambling has an inherent structural monetary component, and financial motive is one of the main motivations for gambling. Despite this, and contrary to other addictive behaviours that involve money such as compulsive buying, gambling has never been studied from a materialism perspective. The objective of the present study was to explore the links b...

There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation as a novel treatment option for substance use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of preclinical neuroscience research demonstrating causal and associative links between neural circuit activity and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of non-invasiv...

In view of the emerging psychological research on binge-watching (i.e., watching TV series episodes back-to-back), two assessment measures were developed and validated in a French-speaking population to evaluate TV series watching motives (Watching TV Series Motives Questionnaire) and binge-watching engagement and symptoms (Binge-Watching Engagemen...

To prevent risks associated with online gambling, many jurisdictions propose self-exclusion strategies as a part of a responsible gambling policy. To protect online gamblers, French law provides for a 7-day temporary non-reducible and voluntary self-exclusion measure that applies only to select websites. The objective of our study was to evaluate t...

Aims Our study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6‐G516T and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Methods Opioid PhArmacoLogy (OPAL) was a clinical survey of the sociodemographic characteristics, history and consequences of patholog...

Introduction Le poker est un jeu de hasard et d’argent comportant une part d’adresse plus importante que dans les autres types de jeu. Les problèmes liés à une pratique excessive du poker s’expriment également de manière différente, ce qui peut entraîner une sur- ou sous-estimation des problèmes de jeu chez les joueurs de poker. Les outils d’évalua...

Gambling is a social behaviour, which is growing worldwide. Gambling availability has really changed since 15 years, inducing a larger exposition of vulnerable people to gambling games and marketing. In France, gambling marketing is not really controlled by authorities. In this article, we aim to stress the importance of gambling exposure due to ga...

Introduction La grande variabilité interindividuelle de la pharmacocinétique et des concentrations plasmatiques de méthadone est fortement liée à une variabilité de l’activité des cytochromes P450 (CYP). Des études récentes ont souligné l’importance du polymorphisme génétique CYP2B6 G516 T sur la pharmacocinétique de la méthadone. À notre connaissa...

Objectives Addictions are not restricted to substance-use disorders, and it is now widely recognized that they also include behavioral addictions. Certain individuals with eating disorders also experiment their disorder as an addiction. The objective was to identify typologies of patients presenting with various behavioral addictions or eating diso...

Graphic representations of the latent trajectories obtained for the 2 ASRS dimensions after the Growth Mixture Models analysis. (DOCX)

Graphic representations of the latent trajectories obtained for the 3 damage scores after the Growth Mixture Models analysis. (DOCX)

Graphic representations of the latent trajectories obtained for the 4 UPPS-P dimensions after the Growth Mixture Models analysis. (DOCX)

Graphic representations of the latent trajectories obtained for the 3 character dimensions of the TCI after the Growth Mixture Models analysis. (DOCX)

Background Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is defined by plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lower than the fifth percentile for age and sex. Several psychiatric symptoms have been reported in association with HBL. The objective was to assess the prevalence of primary HBL in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric population and to better...

La pratique des Jeux de Hasard et d’Argent (JHA) est un comportement ludique, très répandu mais potentiellement addictif. En France, les JHA sont très disponibles, légaux et banalisés. L’usage des jeux de hasard et d’argent sur l’année concerne 56,2 % des français de 15-75 ans et la proportion de joueurs problématiques est quant à elle estimée à 3,...

Objectives Internet gambling is often considered as a risk factor for gambling problems compared with land‐based gambling. In parallel, this online activity generates data that can be useful to characterize Internet gambling behaviours. The objectives were to define a typology of online lotteries and scratch games gamblers' behaviours in order to i...

Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) is mainly prescribed for Parkinson’s disease (PD). As the target is the nigrostriatal pathway, DRT acts on other dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system, including the mesocorticolimbic pathway. DRT may thus result in the development of adverse drug reactions (ADR), such as impulsive/compulsive repetit...

Introduction La majorité des individus jouant à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) jouent de manière contrôlée et récréative. Mais certains joueurs perdent le contrôle de leur pratique de jeu et développent une addiction aux JHA entraînant des conséquences négatives d’ordre social, personnel ou professionnel. On estime que 17 % des individus ayan...

Participation in strategic and non-strategic games is mostly explained in the literature by gender: men gamble on strategic games, while women gamble on non-strategic games. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive factors that could also distinguish strategic and non-strategic gamblers. We suggest that cognitive style and need for c...

Various therapeutic approaches are available for the treatment of gambling disorder (GD), especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; the most widely used treatment). However, CBT has high dropout and relapse rates as well as non-compliance issues, which may be partly due to resistance to changing core characteristics, such as executive functioni...

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a well-known adverse effect of dopamine agonists (DAAs). This critical review aims to summarize data on the prevalence and factors associated with the development of an ICD simultaneous to DAA use. A search of two electronic databases was completed from inception to July 2017. The search terms were medical subje...

Background: To date, no drugs have been approved for gambling disorder. Numerous publications have described the value of opioid antagonists. Indeed, the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway has been suggested as the underlying cause of reward-seeking behaviour, and it is modulated by the opioid system. Objective: This study aims to evaluate t...

Introduction Since the legalisation of online gambling in France in 2010, gambling operators must implement responsible gambling measures to prevent excessive gambling practices. However, actually there is no screening procedure for identifying problematic gamblers. Although several studies have already been performed using several data sets from o...

Previous research has identified specific gambling motives and linked them with both healthy and disordered gambling. The Gambling Motives Questionnaire (GMQ) is currently the most widely used measure for these motives. The present study aimed to offer a French validation of the latest version of this scale, the GMQ-Financial (GMQ-F), which measure...

Background and aims Gambling disorder-related illegal acts (GDRIA) are often crucial events for gamblers and/or their entourage. This study was designed to determine the predictive factors of GDRIA. Methods Participants were 372 gamblers reporting at least three DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria. They were assessed on the...

A systematic review of literature evaluating the effectiveness of existing gaming tools for online gambling: focus and perspectives The development of new technologies and the resultant easy access to the Internet for a large proportion of the population has profoundly changed the international gambling market (Gaming), which has led to an increase...

Introduction The primary outcome of our study was to assess the links between the level of cognitive distortions and the severity of gambling disorder. We also aimed at assessing the links between patient gambling trajectories and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods The study population (n = 628) was comprise...

Background and aims Research on sexual addiction flourished during the last decade, promoted by the development of an increased number of online sexual activities. Despite the accumulation of studies, however, evidence collected in clinical samples of treatment-seeking people remains scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics...

Background and aims The aim of this study was to test the screening properties of several combinations of items from gambling scales, in order to harmonize screening of gambling problems in epidemiological surveys. The objective was to propose two brief screening tools (three items or less) for a use in interviews and self-administered questionnair...

Compared to general population, pathological gamblers are 3.4 times more likely to attempt suicide. Our objective was to identify specific profiles of problem gamblers (PGs) with suicidal risk according to sociodemographic, clinical and gambling characteristics. The PGs cohort, called "EVALJEU" , consists in the inclusion of any new PG seeking trea...

The partial credit and rating scale models are classical models from item response theory; they belong to the generalized linear latent and mixed model family and allow one to analyze questionnaires such as patient-reported outcomes. Few goodness-of-fit testing procedures have been proposed for such models, and few computer programs implement such...

Introduction La majorité des individus jouant à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) jouent de manière contrôlée et récréative. Mais certains joueurs perdent le contrôle de leur pratique de jeu et développent une addiction aux JHA entraînant des conséquences négatives d’ordre social, personnel ou professionnel. D’après une enquête menée en France e...

Background: In Europe, the prevalence of gambling disorders in the general population ranges from 0.15% to 6.6%. Professional Athletes (PAs) are known for having risk factors for addictive behaviors, such as young age or sensation seeking, though no study has yet tried to evaluate the prevalence of gambling and gambling disorders among this specif...

Previous studies showed that Pathological Gambling and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often co-occur. The aim of this study was to examine whether ADHD is associated with specific severity patterns in terms of gambling behavior, psychopathology and personality traits. 599 problem and non-problem-gamblers were recruited in addiction...

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to study transitions between two states of gambling in adulthood (problem gambling and non-problem gambling) and to identify factors that might influence these transitions. Methods: Data for this 2-year long longitudinal study were collected in a French Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center, in gambling est...

BACKGROUND: In the last 10 years, dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) has become a well-known risk factor for developing an impulse control disorder, such as gambling disorder (GD). Another medication, aripiprazole (ARI), has been more recently identified as another risk factor. Dopamine replacement therapy and ARI share a dopamine agonist action. O...

Introduction: Trading and gambling appear to share some similarities. Indeed, traders can get professionally involved in high-risk types of trading as if it were gambling. This research explores whether excessive trading can be conceptualized as a subset of gambling disorders. Objective: To better acknowledge the existence of an addictive-like t...

Background and aims: The objective was to compare the gamblers’ profiles and practices depending on their preferred gambling activity, especially for two structural characteristics: presence of skill and expected value linked to the game. Another objective was to compare the profiles between non-problem and problem gamblers, and especially to ident...

Background In the last 10 years, dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) has become a well-known risk factor for developing an impulse control disorder, such as gambling disorder (GD). Another medication, aripiprazole (ARI), has been more recently identified as another risk factor. Dopamine replacement therapy and ARI share a dopamine agonist action. Ou...

Background: Online gambling has been legalized in France in 2010. Licenses are issued to gambling operators who demonstrate their ability to respect the legal framework (security, taxation, consumer protection, etc.). The preventive measures to protect vulnerable gamblers include an obligation to provide online gambling moderators. These moderator...

With the aim of validating the three pathways hypothesis of pathological gambling (Blaszczynski and Nower in Addiction 97:487-499, 2002) 372 pathological gamblers meeting DSM IV (2000) criteria were assessed via a structured clinical interview as well as being subjected to personality tests and evaluation of their gambling practices. Our results sh...

Background: Constant social change brings about new forms of behavior, such as smartphone use, social networking,indoor tanning, cosmetic surgery, etc., that could become excessive or even lead to new forms of addictive disorders. Methods: We report the case of a woman who starts consulting for “clairvoyance addiction”. We then discuss the addic...

The objective of this study was to identify profiles of gamblers to explain the choice of preferred gambling activity among both problem and non-problem gamblers. 628 non-problem and problem gamblers were assessed with a structured interview including "healthy" (sociodemographic characteristics, gambling habits and personality profile assessed with...