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Introduction
G. Shanmugam is a person pf Indian origin. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1970 and became a naturalized U. S. citizen in 1990. Upon completing his Ph.D (1978, University of Tennessee, Knoxville) on tectonics and sedimentation of the Ordovician Appalachians, he joined Mobil Oil Company in Dallas, Texas (retired 2000). He is married to Jean (1976–present). He is a pragmatic and an iconoclastic deep-water process sedimentologist. However, his research covers a broad spectrum of domains.
Publications
Publications (275)
The geologic record shows that the Earth’s climate has always been changing naturally during the past 600 million years in terms of CO2 and temperature, without CO2 emissions from Fossil Fuels by humans. There were both warming and cooling periods prior to the appearance of human beings on the Planet Earth. The Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) is...
In capturing a snapshot of 150 years (1872-2022) of research on deep-water processes, deposits, settings, triggers, and deformation, the following 22 topics are selected: (1) H.M.S. Challenger expedition (1872-1876): The discovering of the “Challenger Deep” by the H.M.S. Challenger in the Mariana Trench has been the single most important achievemen...
Rodriguez-Tovar (2022) has relied on vertical facies models (e.g., the Bouma Sequence) for distinguishing one facies (e.g., turbidites) from the others. However, he has failed to acknowledge inherent flaws in the Bouma Sequence. Furthermore, he has omitted key features such as internal hiatus from the original contourite model and erosional contact...
Abstract This review covers 135 years of research on gravity flows since the first reporting of density plumes in the Lake Geneva, Switzerland, by Forel (1885). Six basic types of gravity flows have been identified in subaerial and suaqueous environments. They are: (1) hyperpycnal flows, (2) turbidity currents, (3) debris flows, (4) liquefied/fluid...
According to Bouma (1962), traction structures are an integral part of the turbidite facies model, which has become known as the "Bouma Sequence". In the 1960s, it was reasonable to attribute traction structures uniquely to turbidites. However, in the 1970s, it became known that deposits of contour currents, wind-drive currents, tidal currents and...