Fritz Busch

• Prof. Dr.-Ing.
• Professor (Full) at Technical University of Munich

Im öffentlichen Nahverkehr treten täglich Störungen auf. Die Bereitstellung eines zuverlässigen Systems ist daher eine Herausforderung für Betrieb und Planung. Dieser Artikel gibt Einblicke in die Dynamiken und die Prozesse von Betriebsleitstellen im ÖPNV, um Potenziale zur weiteren Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit aufzuzeigen. Dazu wurden Führungs...

This paper gives a comprehensive insight into the investigations done in passenger redirection during incidents in public transport systems. In public transport operations, incidents such as traffic accidents, deployment of emergency forces, or technical failures happen every day and disrupt the service. Most of the investigations done in the field...

The design of network-wide traffic management schemes or transport policies for urban areas requires computationally efficient traffic models. The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a promising tool for such applications. Unfortunately, empirical MFDs are not always available, and semi-analytical estimation methods require a reduction of the...

This paper examines the integration of freight delivery into the passenger transport of an on-demand ride-pooling service. The goal of this research is to use existing passenger trips for logistics services and thus reduce additional vehicle kilometers for freight delivery and the total number of vehicles on the road network. This is achieved by me...

Explicit and implicit communication cues are part of the communication strategies often employed by bicyclists in traffic to reveal their intentions to other road users. For human drivers, such types of information may be understandable in a specific social and cultural context. Present automated driving functions mostly rely on vulnerable road use...

Explicit and implicit communication cues are part of the communication strategies often employed by bicyclists in traffic to reveal their intentions to other road users. For human drivers, such types of information may be understandable in a specific social and cultural context. Present automated driving functions mostly rely on vulnerable road use...

This paper examines the integration of freight delivery into the passenger transport of an on-demand ride-pooling service. The goal of this research is to use existing passenger trips for logistics services and thus reduce additional vehicle kilometers for freight delivery and the total number of vehicles on the road network. This is achieved by me...

Disruptions in public transport operations occur every day. Thus, providing a reliable system is a challenge for operations and planning. This paper gives insights into the dynamics and processes of operations control centers in public transport to reveal potentials for further improvement in reliability. Therefore, directors were interviewed, disp...

The popularity of utilitarian bicycling is increasing in many urban areas. As a result, growing volumes of bicycle traffic on road networks have significant impacts on traffic flow and the capacity of vehicular traffic, particularly at intersections. The goal of this paper is to quantify the impact of large volumes of bicycle traffic on the capacit...

In mixed traffic, the popularity of public transport (PT) is still affected by relatively low operating speeds compared to private vehicles. To overcome this, PT priority measures have been proposed and adopted extensively. However, existing solutions such as exclusive bus lanes or traffic signal priorities are often limited in terms of available r...

In this research, we present an interconnected (static) simulator setup for inspecting potential communication between two test subjects at an urban static bottleneck, depicted in a virtual environment. The virtual bottleneck is a construction site blocking the right lane and the two test subjects respectively cycle on a bicycle simulator or drive...

This paper aims to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed cooperative dynamic bus lane system with microscopic traffic simulation models. The system creates a flexible bus priority lane that is only activated on demand at an appropriate time with advanced information and communication technologies, which can maximize the use of road space. A dece...

In Zukunft ist mit einem weiter steigenden Anteil von Radfahrern am Verkehrsaufkommen zu rechnen. Der nationale Radverkehrsplan 2020 (NRVP) prognostiziert eine mögliche Steigerung des Radverkehrs von 11 % im Jahr 2013 auf 16 % im Jahr 2020 in Bezug auf die Anzahl der Wege im städtischen Umfeld. Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen und gesundheitsfördernden...

In RASCH werden die Potentiale von Radschnellwegen hinsichtlich der Steigerung der Attraktivität, Sicherheit und Effizienz des Radverkehrs untersucht. Es werden zwei Verkehrssteuerungsmaßnahmen zum Einsatz an Knotenpunkten von Radschnellwegen mithilfe eines Simulationslabors erprobt und bewertet. Die Eigenschaften der Infrastruktur spielen dabei ei...

Detailed specifications of urban traffic from different perspectives and scales are crucial for understanding and predicting traffic situations from the view of an autonomous vehicle (AV). We suggest a data-driven specification scheme for maneuvers at different design elements of the built infrastructure and focus on urban roundabouts in Germany. B...

The well-known Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) theory is the fundamental pillar for most macroscopic traffic models. In the past, many methods were developed to numerically derive solutions for LWR problems. Examples for such numerical solution schemes are the cell transmission model, the link transmission model, and the variational theory (VT) of...

Sustainable transport systems require expedient traffic management strategies and transport policies. To evaluate such strategies and policies, efficient quality monitoring schemes need to be readily available. The backbone of sustainable transport systems remains public transportation (PT). In this work, we introduce a network reliability performa...

Der Beitrag beschreibt Untersuchungen des Verkehrsablaufs und Erweiterungen für das Berechnungsverfahren zur Bemessung nach dem HBS 2015 für signalisierte Knotenpunkte mit hohem Radverkehrsaufkommen. Zur Analyse des Verkehrsablaufs wurden empirische Untersuchungen des Fahrverhaltens von Radfahrern und Kfz an ausgewählten Knotenpunkten durchgeführt....

The attractiveness of a system is directly connected to its reliability. The more reliable a system is the more attractive it is for its (potential) users. In public transport this means that more people shift to public means of transport when it gets more reliable. One way to improve their reliability is to mitigate the negative effects of inciden...

In the present research, a bicycle simulator is used to study the behavior of bicyclists and to collect data that can be used for developing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Network (B-LSTM) model that predicts a bicyclist’s intended maneuver type class (left turn, right turn, straight) at an intersection approach. First the bicyclists’ dynamic beha...

The design of network-wide schemes requires computationally efficient traffic models. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) is a promising tool for such an application. Unfortunately, current semi-analytical approaches require an inaccurate network reduction to a corridor. Our methodology allows us to estimate the MFD for general networks, with...

This paper aims to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed cooperative dynamic bus lane system with microscopic traffic simulation models. The system creates a flexible bus priority lane that is only activated on demand at an appropriate time with the advanced information and communication technologies, which can maximize the usage of road space....

The ongoing increase of bicycle traffic in urban areas forces transport authorities to reconsider the space allocation for different transport modes. Transport policies favor the introduction of high-quality bicycle infrastructure along urban corridors to improve the traffic quality and safety for bicyclists but more importantly to increase the att...

The three-dimensional passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (pMFD) describes the relation of the network accumulation of public transport and private vehicles, and the passenger production. It allows for modeling the multi-modal traffic dynamics in urban networks and deriving innovative performance indicators. This paper integrates this concept...

This paper presents a methodology that utilizes Connected Vehicle (CV) and aggregated Floating Car Data (FCD) in existing traffic-actuated signal control for investigating their immediate potential in current systems without the need for a new control method. A traffic state estimation module based on the Extended Kalman filter is used in order to...

A traffic control strategy is developed based on stop-time delay of traffic users to assign coordination between bicycles and motor vehicles by a fair distribution of stop-time delay in a complex urban area. To reach this goal, we implement a hierarchical coordination process for finding the optimal coordination interval in which the delay and numb...

Research projects related to the TUM-VT bicycle simulator: • RASCH-Bicycle Highways: Designing Efficient and Secure Infrastructure • RadOnTime-Effects of Countdown Timers on Bicycle Traffic • @CITY-Automated Vehicles and Intelligent Traffic in the City • @CITY-AF-Automated Driving Functions

Urban environments often involve the interaction of numerous vulnerable road users both with each other and with motorized road users. Many factors influence the ability of pedestrians and cyclists to efficiently move through such environments, and in order to study these, we use a bicycle simulator to conduct studies with test subjects, evaluating...

The degradation of road network performance due to incidents is a major concern to traffic operators. The development of urban traffic incident management systems requires a comprehensive understanding of traffic dynamics during incidents. Recently, the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) contributed to such an understanding and ha...

The degradation of road network performance due to incidents is a major concern to traffic operators. The development of urban traffic incident management systems requires a comprehensive understanding of traffic dynamics during incidents. Recently, the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) contributed to such an understanding and ha...

The well-known Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) theory is the fundamental pillar for most macroscopic traffic models. In the past, many methods were developed to numerically derive solutions for LWR problems. Examples for such numerical solution schemes are the cell transmission model, the link transmission model, and the variational theory (VT) of...

The well-known Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) theory is the fundamental pillar for most macroscopic traffic models. In the past, many methods were developed to numerically derive solutions for LWR problems. Examples for such numerical solution schemes are the cell transmission model, the link transmission model, and the variational theory (VT) of...

The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) describes the relation of average network flow, density and speed in urban networks. It can be estimated based on empirical or simulation data, or approximated analytically. Two main analytical approximation methods to derive the MFD for arterial roads and urban networks exist at the moment. These are the m...

div>Electrifying mobility-on-demand (MoD) fleets is an important step towards a more sustainable transportation system. With increasing fleet size, MoD operators will be able to participate in the energy exchange market and will have access to time-varying electricity prices. They can benefit from intelligent scheduling of charging processes co...

div>Electrifying mobility-on-demand (MoD) fleets is an important step towards a more sustainable transportation system. With increasing fleet size, MoD operators will be able to participate in the energy exchange market and will have access to time-varying electricity prices. They can benefit from intelligent scheduling of charging processes co...

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has engendered innovative solutions for traffic congestion mitigation as well as improvement of passenger riding experience. To achieve efficient mobility services, AV platooning in which consecutive vehicles conjugate as a road-train on the street is a good solution. However, it has required a new opera...

The degradation of road network performance due to incidents is a major concern to traffic operators. The development of urban traffic incident management systems requires a comprehensive understanding of traffic dynamics during incidents. Recently, the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) contributed to such an understanding and ha...

Der Beitrag beschreibt Untersuchungen des Verkehrsablaufs und Erweiterungen für das Berechnungsverfahren zur Bemessung nach dem Handbuch für die Bemessung von Straßenverkehrsanlagen (HBS 2015) für signalisierte Knotenpunkte mit hohem Radverkehrsaufkommen. Zur Analyse des Verkehrsablaufs wurden empirische Untersuchungen des Fahrverhaltens von Radfah...

One typical application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is vehicle platooning where a group of vehicles travel with smaller inter-vehicle distance safely, improving energy efficiency as well as road capacity and traffic safety. Truck platooning on highways has been widely studied and showed the aforementioned effects. However, the plato...

The development of advanced technologies has led to the emergence of autonomous vehicles. Herein, autonomous public transport (APT) systems equipped with prioritization measures are being designed to operate at ever faster speeds compared to conventional buses. Innovative APT systems are configured to accommodate prevailing passenger demand for pea...

Current Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems rely heavily on inductive loop detectors. The emergence of Connected Vehicles (CV) opens new possibilities for improving signal control, while reducing the need for loop detectors. However, for low penetration rates, the CV measurements are sporadic and thus difficult to exploit by existing UTC systems. I...

Operational behavior models are used in traffic simulations to represent the subconscious, short-term decisions made by road users to respond to other road users, the infrastructure and traffic control measures. Calibration and validation of these models can be achieved using observed trajectory data from real road users. For lane bound traffic, it...

Urban environments are more or less characterized by active travel modes, including the bicycle usage. Present transport infrastructure for bicyclists can often not serve the high traffic volumes, especially in rush hours. Therefore, introducing novel and specific traffic control strategies for bicyclists might serve as supportive element for impro...

The 21st century is characterized not only by a growing need for mobility, but above all by an increasing variety of mobility forms. Individualization, connectivity, urbanization and post-fossil drive technologies will determine the mobility of tomorrow. Technical innovations and changing human needs are becoming the driving force behind novel form...

Daily mobility has manifold appearances, especially in urban environments. Numerous modes of transport, different types of traffic participants and differing travel demands and supplies occur within often restricted urban infrastructures. One key for understanding these complex phenomena is the representation of not only space and time, but also of...

Bluetooth detection is a valuable source to gather data about travel times and traffic state in road networks aiming for the goals of better traffic information and traffic management. Just like for all other available traffic data sources, road operators and authorities rely on a reliable quality of the data collection to fulfil their goal of high...

Since the description of the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) based on loop detector data (LDD) and floating car data (FCD) for the city of Yokohama, several analytical approximation methods to derive the MFD for arterial roads and urban networks have been proposed. This includes the method of cuts, a network-free variational theory approach a...

The bicycle traffic research group at the Chair of Traffic Engineering and Control at the Technical University of Munich use a physical bike simulator for various applications in different projects. Based on the connection of a steering and speed sensor, we can transfer movements of test subjects into different VR environments for evaluating variou...

As traffic demand is worldwide steadily growing, the need to operate and manage transportation networks in a more efficient and resilient way is becoming more and more important. For this purpose, the usage of low-cost ITS sensors is a promising way to gather the necessary data that is required for a suitable traffic control. Having said this, the...

This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the performance of a road network during non-recurring congestion for real-time traffic control applications. A novel performance indicator based on the concept of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is developed to assess the travel production of the network. The proposed indicator is obtained by...

Bicyclists are extremely flexible road users who employ various tactical behaviours to optimise comfort, directness and time efficiency while crossing a signalised intersection. Tactical choices faced by bicyclists at signalised intersections include whether to use the bicycle lane, roadway or sidewalk, to stop at or violate a red traffic signal, t...

Because of the expected shift from ordinary to autonomous vehicles, the role of public transport (PT) will have to be enhanced, and thus there is a need to pay more attention to its design procedures and evaluation processes. This study compares previous models and methodologies by creating a quality-evaluation platform that enables a comparison of...

Replacement of conventional taxis by automated vehicles will challenge taxi operation in many ways. Decisions made by taxi drivers will be substituted by an integrated scheduling system that also manages the non-revenue generating activities such as vehicle pre-allocation, recharging and service trips. In order to tackle this challenge, this study...

Dieser Beitrag zeigt Vorgehen und Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der Wirkungen des teil- und hochautomatisierten Fahrens auf die Kapazität der Straßeninfrastruktur. Hierbei werden verschiedene Teilabschnitte von Autobahnen untersucht und in einer mikroskopischen Verkehrssimulation nachgebildet. Das Fahrverhalten der automatisierten Fahrzeuge wird in...

Gerade zu Beginn werden Automatisierte Fahrzeuge die Straßeninfrastruktur mit menschlichen Verkehrsteilnehmer teilen. Aus diesem Grund ist es essentiell, dass die Automatisierten Fahrzeuge das Verhalten der anderen Verkehrsteilnehmer erfassen und die Intentionen prädizieren können. Auch die herkömmlichen Fahrer müssen mit dem Verhalten der automati...

The interest in automated vehicles (AVs) and their potential impact on the safety and efficiency of traffic is increasing more and more every day. AVs are promised to be able to avoid some of the driver’s failure s like driver inattention and to harmonize the traffic flow. However, investigating implications of higher levels of automation has been...

This paper shows the results of ex-ante impact assessment of automated vehicles on capacity of freeways using microscopic traffic flow simulation. The simulation was conducted for different penetration rates of automated vehicles in Germany´s national vehicle fleet, which were predicted using a newly developed vehicle cohort stock model. For this a...

This study proposes an integrated simulation approach, which consist of a microscopic traffic simulation model, a vehicle dynamics model, and an emission estimation model, in order to estimate emissions based on more reliable vehicle performance measures. The vehicle performance measures such as engine power and engine speed significantly relate to...

Zur Unterstützung der digitalen Transformation im Bereich Smart Mobility und Smart City wurde das TUM Living Lab Connected Mobility (TUM LLCM) initiiert. Das Forschungsprojekt bündelt die einschlägigen Forschungs‑, Entwicklungs‑, und Innovations‐Kompetenzen der TU München in der Informatik und in der Verkehrsforschung. Im Projekt wird die Konzeptio...

In recent years, due to growing interest in automated driving, the need for better understanding the humans driving behavior, and particularly the lane changing and car following behavior, has further increased. Despite its great importance, lane changing has not been studied as extensively as longitudinal behavior and remains one of the most chall...

The sub-project Simulation (SIM), which lies within the project pillar Human Factors in Traffic, focuses on the analysis and descriptive modelling of the behaviour of individual road users and their interactions with one another. This is done in consideration of newly developed driver assistance systems and intelligent transportation systems. The o...

Dieser Beitrag zeigt Vorgehen und Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der Wirkungen des teil- und hochautomatisierten Fahrens auf die Kapazität der Straßeninfrastruktur. Hierbei werden Teilabschnitte von Fernstraßen untersucht und in einer mikroskopischen Verkehrssimulation nachgebildet. Die Fahrverhalten der automatisierten Fahrzeuge werden innerhalb de...

Zur Unterstützung der digitalen Transformation im Bereich Smart Mobility und Smart City wurde das TUM Living Lab Connected Mobility (TUM LLCM) initiiert. Das Forschungsprojekt bündelt die einschlägigen Forschungs-, Entwicklungs-, und Innovationskompetenzen der Technischen Universität München (TUM) in der Informatik und in der Verkehrsforschung. Im...

Teil- und Hochautomatisiertes Fahren wird unseren Straßenverkehr in der Zukunft beeinflussen. Das Ziel dieses Forschungsprojektes ist es, zu ermitteln, welche positiven oder negativen Folgen die aufkommende Technik des automatisierten Fahrens auf die Kapazität des deutschen Fernstraßennetzes hat und wie sich diese Effekte über die Zeit entwickeln w...

The interest in automated vehicles (AVs) and their potential impact on the safety and efficiency of traffic is increasing more and more every day. Accident analyses have shown, that most of the current accidents are related to human misbehavior. AVs are promised to be able to avoid some of the driver’s failures like driver inattention and to harmon...

Bicyclists are amongst the most flexible road users and can tactically choose their pathway across an intersection using available bicycle lanes, roadways and sidewalks, riding either with or against the direction of travel. This flexible pathfinding behaviour is difficult to recreate in current microscopic traffic simulation tools due to limitatio...

This study explores the challenge of the dynamic dispatching of taxis to the immediate passenger booking requests. In particular, the study leverages on a stable marriage assignment algorithm and applies it for dispatching taxis to passengers. The stable marriage algorithm was developed initially for matching men and women according to their prefer...

This study proposes advanced safety assessment methods in the perspectives of prediction performance and practicality. This study thus develops three different safety assessment approaches (simulated conflicts-incorporated, estimated conflicts-incorporated, and intersection operational attributes-based safety performance function) and utilizes two...

Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Trans- portation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. – DLR) and from his environment. We...

Often, the existing road infrastructure has not been able to measure up to the current amount of traffic demand and as a result, traffic jams have increased. In order to obtain a short-term solution for the transition time until an extension (or full expansion) of the infrastructure may be completed, it is recommended to open the hard shoulder for...

In this study, the optimal locations of a specific type of charging facilities for electric vehicles (EVs), wireless power transfer facilities, are investigated. A mathematical model has been developed to address this problem. The objective of the model is to locate a given number of wireless charging facilities for EVs out of a set of candidate fa...

In recent research projects a variety of concepts have been developed to integrate traffic signals in connected vehicle environments. This paper presents an overview over arising chances and challenges taking into account three different but closely interrelated viewpoints: the functional, the organizational and the technical viewpoint. A case stud...

nalytical methods for the assessment of traffic flow quality on freeways are valid for standard types of basic, merge, diverge, and weaving segments. For more complex freeway facilities, microscopic traffic flow simulation is widely used. In this case, the definition and the computation of the level of service must be compatible with the analytical...

Highly automated driving on highways requires a complex artificial intelligence that makes optimal decisions based on ongoing measurements. Notably no attempt has been performed to evaluate the impacts of such a sophisticated system on traffic. Another important point is the impact of continuous increase in the number of highly automated vehicles o...

The article presents a method to predict the manoeuvres of vehicles at an urban intersection. The core intelligence of this cooperative system is located in the traffic light controller. In order to estimate manoeuvres, the algorithms use probe vehicle data, the current and future status of the traffic light control and data provided by infrastruct...

Many current research activities focus on the development and evaluation of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS). Using the example of the SIM-TD project, the authors explain their integrated approach for the analysis of impacts of C-ITS on traffic efficience and road safety. They present how they designed, validated and analyzed...

Analytical methods for the assessment of traffic flow quality on freeways are valid for standard types of basic, merge, diverge, and weaving segments. For more complex freeway facilities, microscopic traffic flow simulation is widely used. In this case, it must be ensured that the definition and computation of LOS is compatible with the analytical...