Freitas CarlaInstitute of Marine Research in Norway | IMR
Freitas Carla
About
39
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Introduction
Publications
Publications (39)
There is increasing interest in assessing the impact of whales on nutrient and carbon cycling in the ocean. By fertilising surface waters with nutrient-rich faeces, whales may stimulate primary production and thus carbon uptake, but robust assessments of such effects are lacking. Based on the analysis of faeces collected from minke whales (n=31) of...
The effects of marine reserves on the life history and demography of the protected populations are well‐established, typically increasing population density and body size. However, little is known about how marine reserves may alter the behavior of the populations that are the target of protection. In theory, marine reserves can relax selection on...
Background
The blue marlin ( Makaira nigricans ) is a vulnerable migratory fish inhabiting tropical and subtropical pelagic waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The biology and spatial ecology of the species in the eastern North Atlantic is poorly understood, despite being exploited in the region by recreational and commercial fisheri...
The effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) depends on the mobility of the populations that are the target of protection, with sedentary species likely to spend more time under protection even within small MPAs. However, little is understood about how individual variation in mobility may influence the risk of crossing an MPA border, as well...
This article reviews a suite of studies conducted in a network of coastal Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Skagerrak, Southeast Norway. In 2006, Norway’s first lobster reserves were implemented, with the aim of protecting European lobster (Homarus gammarus) through a ban on fixed gear. A before–after control-impact paired series (BACIPS) monitoring...
Understanding the responses of aquatic animals to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change and to inform conservation and management. Most ectotherms such as fish are expected to adjust their behaviour to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. In coastal Skagerrak, Norway,...
Operation coastal cod - Knowledge for place-based ecosystem restoration in Færder- and Ytre Hvaler national parks.
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2725009
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High fishing pressure over the last 100 years and technolo...
Understanding the effects of ecological disturbances in coastal habitats is crucial and timely as these are anticipated to increase in intensity and frequency in the future due to increasing human pressure. In this study we used directed kelp trawling as a scientific tool to quantify the impacts of broadscale disturbance on community structure and...
Acoustic telemetry has become a popular means of obtaining individual behavioural data from a wide array of species in marine and freshwater systems. Fate information is crucial to understand important aspects of population dynamics such as mortality, predation or dispersal rates. Here we present a method to infer individual fate from acoustic tele...
To explore ecosystem dynamics and functions it is vital to obtain knowledge on predator–prey relations. Harbour seals are piscivorous predators that can come into conflict with fisheries. Recently, as the Skagerrak and Kattegat population of harbour seals has increased, claims have emerged that seals are depleting coastal cod populations. The diet...
From 2007 to 2010 the Ministry of Climate and Environment (KLD), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (NFD) and the Ministry of Defence (FD) funded the National program for mapping and monitoring of biodiversity - marine. The mapping was based on DN handbook 19-2001, revised in 2007. After this work the scientific group (Norwegian Institut...
Genetic divergence among populations arises through natural selection or drift and is counteracted by connectivity and gene flow. In sympatric populations, isolating mechanisms are thus needed to limit the homogenizing effects of gene flow to allow for adaptation and speciation. Chromosomal inversions act as an important mechanism maintaining isola...
We investigated the effect of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis(Krøyer 1837) infes-tation on the survival and behaviour of wild trout post-smolts (average fork length = 180 mm) during their marine migration. Comparisons of the marine migratory behaviour were made betweenan artificially infested group (n = 74) and a control group (n = 71) in an ar...
Studies addressing the impact of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) on sea trout in their natural habitat are scarce and mostly limited to prophylaxis-based experiments. The main drawbacks with this approach are that lice infestations on control fish are not known and the anti-parasitic treatment is of unknown efficacy and may have unwant...
Although growing evidence supports the idea that animal personality can explain plasticity in response to changes in the social environment, it remains to be tested whether it can explain spatial responses of individuals in the face of natural environmental fluctuations. This is a major challenge in ecology and evolution as spatial dynamics link in...
Most sea turtle species spend part of, or their entire juvenile stage in pelagic habitats. A key question is how pelagic turtles exploit their environment to optimize prey intake and maximize fitness. This study combined animal telemetry with remote-sensed environmental data to quantify the drivers and patterns of foraging behavior of juvenile logg...
The potential for populations to undergo adaptive evolution depends on individual variation in traits under selection and how multiple traits are correlated. While fitness relates to the performance of animals in the wild, most of the research on evolutionary potential of behavioural traits has used captive or mesocosm settings, especially with aqu...
Habitat selection is a complex process, which involves behavioural decisions guided by the multiple needs and constraints faced by individuals. Climate-induced changes in environmental conditions may alter those trade-offs and resulting habitat use patterns. In this study we investigated the effect of sea temperature on habitat selection and habita...
Understanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Com...
The Spitsbergen bowhead whale stock is critically endangered. It is believed to number in the tens. Here we report results from the first satellite transmitter ever deployed on an individual from this stock. A female whale was tagged on 3 April 2010 (at 79°54′ N, 01°03′ E), but no locations were transmitted by the tag until 30 April 2010, after whi...
Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly, making it vital to understand the importance of different types of sea ice for ice-dependent species such as polar bears Ursus maritimus. In this study we used GPS telemetry (25 polar bear tracks obtained in Svalbard, Norway, during spring) and high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea-ice data to inves...
Changes in the behavior of individual animals in response to environmental characteristics can provide important information about habitat preference, as well as the relative risk that animals may face based on the amount of time spent in hazardous areas. We analyzed movement and habitat affinities of ten loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) tagged...
Arctic sea ice is declining rapidly, making it vital to understand the importance of different types of sea ice for ice-dependent species such as polar bears Ursus maritimus. In this study we used GPS telemetry (25 polar bear tracks obtained in Svalbard, Norway, during spring) and high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea-ice data to inves...
Models predicting the spatial distribution of wild animals are essential for conservation purposes (e.g. conservation plan formulation and reserve selection) and for assessment of ecological impacts of factors such as pollution and climate change. When a species’ habitat use depends on highly dynamic environmental conditions, predictive models shou...
Summary • The study of habitat selection and habitat use are crucial for understanding the biological requirements of animals and the strategies they use to fulfil their needs. A variety of statistical techniques are available to quantify habitat selection, most of them based on the comparison of habitat attributes in sites used by the animals and...
During recent decades satellite telemetry using the Argos system has been used extensively to track many species of marine mammals. However, the aquatic behavior of most of these species results in a high number of locations with low or unknown accuracy. Argos data are often filtered to reduce the noise produced by these locations, typically by rem...
Intra-specific and intra-population variation in movement tactics have been observed in many species, sometimes in association with alternative foraging techniques or large-scale habitat selection. However, whether animals adjust their small-scale habitat selection according to their large-scale tactics has rarely been studied. This study identifie...
Projects
Projects (2)
Most recently, (November 2015), the Madeira Institute for the Regional Development (IDR) has approved the operation 'Observatório Oceânico da Madeira-OOM' (M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000001). OOM operation is co-financed by the Madeira Regional Operational Programme (Madeira 14-20), under the Portugal 2020 strategy, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Anchoring its activities in the existing knowledge and expertise, the projects aims to develop research in Biodiversity; Fisheries and Aquaculture, Remote marine Animal Detection and Remote Sensing, Meteo-Oceanographic modelling and forecasting systems. The project has also some ‘core’ activities which includes leadership and management as well as Educational and Outreach activities. Data management and services are also part of the core activities. This operation is fully compatible with the RIS3-Madeira2020 as approved by the European Commission. The operation will reinforced the Research and Technological Development, and Innovation in the priority investment 1a. Apart from the Regional Operational funds (Madeira 14-20), this operation is also expected to promote the participation in other funded projects and research innitiatives, contributing to the internationalisation of the island-based research activities.
(see project diagram here and further details here: http://oom.arditi.pt).
