Frederike Zufall

• Dr. iur.
• TT-Prof. at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

This article asks the extent to which the concept of the ‘right to be forgotten’ has been received by Japanese law – or whether, to the contrary, Japan is challenging the EU's concept. In a 2017 judgment, the Japanese Supreme Court rejected a request for injunctive relief to delete search results from the search engine Google. The decisive argument...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming economies, societies, and geopolitics. Enabled by the exponential increase of data that is collected, transmitted, and processed transnationally, these changes have important implications for international economic law (IEL). This volume examines the dynamic interplay between AI and IEL by...

We propose simple nonlinear mathematical models for the legal concept of balancing of interests. Our aim is to bridge the gap between an abstract formalisation of a balancing decision while assuring consistency and ultimately legal certainty across cases. We focus on the conflict between the rights to privacy and to the protection of personal data...

We propose a 'legal approach' to hate speech detection by operationalization of the decision as to whether a post is subject to criminal law into an NLP task. Comparing existing regulatory regimes for hate speech, we base our investigation on the European Union's framework as it provides a widely applicable legal minimum standard. Accurately decidi...

The Digital Services Act, recently adopted by the EU, requires social media platforms to report the "accuracy" of their automated content moderation systems. The colloquial term is vague, or open-textured-the literal accuracy (number of correct predictions divided by the total) is not suitable for problems with large class imbalance, and the ground...

The Digital Services Act, recently adopted by the EU, requires social media platforms to report the ``accuracy'' of their automated content moderation systems. The colloquial term is vague, or open-textured---the literal accuracy (number of correct predictions divided by the total) is not suitable for problems with large class imbalance, and the gr...

The Digital Services Act, recently adopted by the EU, requires social media platforms to report the ``accuracy'' of their automated content moderation systems. The colloquial term is vague, or open-textured -- on what data and ground truth labels are we measuring accuracy? In addition, the literal accuracy (number of correct predictions divided by...

Legitimate interest is one of the six grounds for processing data under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR). The flexibility and ambiguity of the term "legitimate interests" can be problematic; coupled with the lack of enforcement from legal authorities and different interpretations from the various data protection authori...

We propose simple mathematical models for the legal concept of balancing of interests, to resolve the conflict between the rights to privacy and to the protection of personal data in Art. 7 and Art. 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCh) against the right of access to information derived from Art. 11 EUCh. Our approach is based on the ide...

We propose simple mathematical models for the legal concept of balancing of interests, to resolve the conflict between the rights to privacy and to the protection of personal data in Art. 7 and Art. 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (EUCh) against the right of access to information derived from Art. 11 EUCh. Our approach is based on the ide...

We propose a 'legal approach' to hate speech detection by operationalization of the decision as to whether a post is subject to criminal law into an NLP task. Comparing existing regulatory regimes for hate speech, we base our investigation on the European Union's framework as it provides a widely applicable legal minimum standard. Accurately judgin...

This article examines the evolution of conflict rules in their perception of “place”: the basis for determining jurisdiction and the applicable law. To examine this topic from a global perspective, the legal systems of the EU, Japan, and the U.S. are analyzed and contrasted as representative legal systems from around the world. Europe can be seen a...

Advances in the automated detection of offensive Internet postings make this mechanism very attractive to social media companies, who are increasingly under pressure to monitor and action activity on their sites. However, these advances also have important implications as a threat to the fundamental right of free expression. In this article, we an...

With the establishment of the digital single market strategy, the EU is about to elevate the concept of its single market to the next level. While legal approximation has mostly been achieved from an economic perspective to date, digitalisation can be seen as a new catalyst for further expansion. The decentralised concept of the Internet diminishes...

This article investigates whether Japanese civil law has an abstraction principle similar to that of German civil law – specifically, whether there is an objective transaction in addition to and independent from the obligatory transaction.