Franz-W. Badeck

Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis | CREA · Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB)

Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings were cultivated from seeds sown in pots or directly in the ground in outdoor chambers that were transparent to solar radiation, and provided either ambient air or CO(2)-enriched air (ambient + 350 &mgr;mol mol(-1)). The rooting volume was high in all experiments. In the short-term experiment, potted plants were...

The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in an open field Free Air CO2 Enrichm...

While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, nitrogen elemental content or yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors (such as temperature, geographical location, water availability and cultivar). In addition,...

The rising atmospheric CO2, concentration is expected to exert a strong impact on crop production, enhancing crop growth, but threatening food security and safety. An improver wheat, a hybrid and its parents were grown at elevated CO2, e[CO2], in open field and their yield and rheological, nutritional and sanitary quality were assessed. For all cul...

Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food...

Nitrogen (N) nutrition impacts on primary carbon metabolism and can lead to changes in δ ¹³ C of respired CO 2 . However, uncertainty remains as to whether (1) the effect of N nutrition is observed in all species, (2) N source also impacts on respired CO 2 in roots and (3) a metabolic model can be constructed to predict δ ¹³ C of respired CO 2 unde...

Agriculture faces great challenges to overcome global warming and improve system sustainability, requiring access to novel genetic diversity. So far, wild populations and local landraces remain poorly explored. This is notably the case for the two diploid species, Brassica oleracea L. (CC, 2n=2x=18) and B. rapa L. (AA, 2n=2x=20). In order to explor...

Awns illustrate an important photosynthetic organ of the cereal spike, especially under water stress. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spikes are distinguished by long awns; nevertheless, the actual changes in barley awn dimensions under drought stress have not been adequately studied. In the present work, six barley genotypes with varying degrees of dr...

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1384: DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1384.23 Genetic diversity in Mediterranean Brassica vegetables: seed phenotyping could be useful for sustainable crop production Authors: M.H. Wagner, F. Aïssiou, F.W. Badeck, G. Deniot, S. Ducournau, A. Dupont, C. Falentin, L. Gay, A. Geraci, P. Glory, H. Hadj-Arab, A. Jarillo José, V...

Simple Summary Triticale is a human-created cereal, originally bred with the aim of combining the useful traits of Triticum (high yield potential and good grain quality) and Secale (vigor and resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses, including soil conditions). Triticale has several final destinations; herbages and grains are mainly used for liv...

Agriculture faces great challenges to overcome global warming and to improve system sustainability, requiring access to novel genetic diversity. So far, wild populations and local landraces remain poorly explored. This is notably the case for the two diploid species, Brassica oleracea L. (CC, 2n=2x=18) and B. rapa L. (AA, 2n=2x=20). In order to exp...

Solina is an example of a bread wheat landrace that has been conserved in situ for centuries in Central Italy. A core collection of Solina lines sampled in areas at different altitudes and climatic conditions was obtained and genotyped. A clustering analysis based on a wide SNP dataset generated from DArTseq analysis outlined the existence of two m...

Freezing temperatures is one of the major limitations among the abiotic stress in cereals. In Triticeae tribe, several genetic studies have revealed the phenotypic variation for frost tolerance (FT) is attributed to two QTLs located in the long arm of homoeologous group 5 chromosome: Frost Resistance 1 (FR-1) and Frost Resistance 2 (FR-2). Besides...

Effects of elevated CO2 on wheat. in Italian. Se da un lato l’aumento della concentrazione di CO2 nell’atmosfera aumenta le rese del frumento tenero, dall’altro determina un forte decadimento delle caratteristiche qualitative della granella. L’aumento della temperatura, unito alla carenza idrica, renderà inoltre sempre più frequenti i fenomeni di «...

Key message Exome sequencing-based allele mining for frost tolerance suggests HvCBF14 rather than CNV at Fr-H2 locus is the main responsible of frost tolerance in barley. Abstract Wild relatives, landraces and old cultivars of barley represent a reservoir of untapped and potentially important genes for crop improvement, and the recent sequencing t...

The process-based model 4C (FORESEE) has been developed over the past 20 years to study climate impacts on forests and is now freely available as an open-source tool. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description of this 4C version (v2.2) for scientific users of the model and to present an evaluation of 4C at four different...

The carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) of foliage is often used as proxy for plant performance. However, the effect of N O 3 – vs. N H 4 + supply on δ¹³C of leaf metabolites and respired CO2 is largely unknown. We supplied tobacco plants with a gradient of N O 3 – to N H 4 + concentration ratios and determined gas exchange variables, concentrations...

While durum wheat is a major food source in Mediterranean countries, storage (i.e., gluten) proteins are however responsible for celiac disease (CD), a serious autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed subjects. Different gluten epitopes—defined as “immunogenic” (IP) and “toxic” (TP) peptides—are involved in the pathology and their...

Climate change is increasing drought events and decreasing water availability. Tomato is commonly transplanted to an open field after seedling production in a nursery, requiring large volumes of water. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi help plants cope with drought stress; however, their effects depend on plant genotype and environmental conditions...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization, the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage. Lowering N input together with the selection of improved Nitrogen‐Use‐Efficiency (NUE) genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize N available in soils, can be challenging to...

Yield of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) increased (∼ 50%) in Italy since the 1930’s. The aim of this work was to assess the changes in yield components associated with morphological, physiological and fruit quality traits in processing tomato cultivars cropped in Italy from the mid-1930s until nowadays, introduced by breeding in six re...

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses limiting agricultural crop production worldwide. Photosynthesis is one of the main biochemical processes getting affected by such stress conditions. Here we investigated the stomatal and non-stomatal factors during photosynthesis in two Iranian melon genotypes “Ghobadlu” and “Suski-e-Sabz”,...

Melon is a major horticultural crop in Iran, where it is grown in semi-arid areas in irrigated fields. Concerns about future water security stimulate the development of water-saving irrigation practices, which requires a better understanding of melon physiology under reduced water supply. To this end, one variety of muskmelon, “Samsoury”, and two v...

Under global climate change forecasts, the pressure of environmental stressors (and in particular drought) on crop productivity is expected to rise and challenge further global food security. The application of beneficial microorganisms may represent an environment friendly tool to secure improved crop performance and yield stability. Accordingly,...

The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent root characteristics, other than the taproot length, contribute to high grain yield and/or high water use efficiency (WUE) in safflower. A greenhouse trial was conducted using four safflower accessions (USDA6, USDA23, USDA29 and VARTOUG) with contrasting yield and WUE. A randomised complete...

Within temperate climates the frequency and severity of high and low temperature stresses vary with continentality. The current study reports on the assessment of the performance of 49 barley cultivars across four environments. The cultivars stem from 50 years of breeding activities in Romania and Italy, in two temperate climates that differ in con...

Carbon isotopes have long been used to dissect metabolic pathways. More recently, stable isotopes have become an important tool in modeling global fluxes in the biosphere, and notably CO2 isofluxes. The accuracy of these models relies partly on the knowledge of fractionations associated with each individual flux component. This has led to the obser...

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Six processing tomato seedlings, representative of cultivars widely cultivated over the last 80 years in Southern Europe, were compared to assess the physiological responses to chilling. Low temperature stress was applied for 24 h (1 °C, day and night). PEARSON, the oldest cultivar, reported the highest values of chlorophyll content both using DUAL...

In the context of plant breeding, high-throughput phenotyping is an assessment of plant phenotypes on a scale and with a level of speed and precision not achievable with traditional methods, through the application of emerging technologies such as automation and robotics, new sensors, and imaging technologies (hardware and software). In the present...

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), as expected over coming decades, on yield and quality of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants (cv. Bologna) were grown by using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system at Fiorenzuola d'Arda under ambient (control) and elevated (570...

Small grain cereals (here including durum wheat, bread wheat, barley and oats) have been crucial to the development of mankind providing a regular staple source of food compounds – carbohydrates, proteins, fat and secondary metabolites – since their domestication 10,000 years ago. Historically, genetic studies have their foundations in Mendelian mu...

Biological significance: Drought is one of the major constraints that plants must face in some areas of the world, associated to climate change, negatively affecting the worldwide plant productivity. The adoption of innovative agronomic protocols may represent a winning strategy in facing this challenge. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoc...

Innovazione e sostenibilità nella coltivazione dell'orzo 1. introduzione La capacità delle piante coltivate di adattarsi ai diversi ambienti del pianeta de-termina il loro areale di diffusione, così se da un lato esistono specie capaci di crescere solo in ambienti molto specifici (ad esempio le piante tropicali) dall'al-tro ci sono piante caratteri...

Changing climatic conditions with warming winters and shifts in the frequencies of drought, intense rainfall and cold spells together with associated changes in the geographical distribution of arable crops increase the challenges for selecting new varieties. In this context, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of bar...

Key message: Infinium SNP data analysed as continuous intensity ratios enabled associating genotypic and phenotypic data from heterogeneous oat samples, showing that association mapping for frost tolerance is a feasible option. Oat is sensitive to freezing temperatures, which restricts the cultivation of fall-sown or winter oats to regions with mi...

T-2 and HT-2 toxins are two of the most toxic members of type-A trichothecenes, produced by a number of Fusarium species. The occurrence of these mycotoxins was studied in barley samples during a survey carried out in the 2011-2014 growing seasons in climatically different regions in Italy. The percentage of samples found positive ranges from 22% t...

Yield components and traits related to nitrogen utilization for 4 barley cultivars grown in the Fiorenzuola FACE.

This study investigates whether the assumed increase of winter and spring temperatures is depicted by phenological models in correspondingly earlier bud burst (BB) dates. Some studies assume that rising temperatures lead to an earlier BB, but even later BB has been detected. The phenological model PIM (promoter-inhibitor-model) fitted to the extens...

The goals of the present study were to obtain a first estimate of intraspecific variability of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in safflower, a thistle-like herbaceous plant, and to determine the statistical relationship between Δ and grain yield as well as its components in a collection of 45 accessions of different origins. Grain yield and above...

The issues of whether, where, and to what extent carbon isotopic fractionations occur during respiration affect interpretations of plant functions that are important to many disciplines across the natural sciences. Studies of carbon isotopic fractionation during dark respiration in C3 plants have repeatedly shown respired CO2 to be 13C enriched rel...

Plant biosilica particles (phytoliths) contain small amounts of carbon called phytC. Based on the assumptions that phytC is of photosynthetic origin and a closed system, claims were recently made that phytoliths from several agriculturally important monocotyledonous species play a significant role in atmospheric CO2 sequestration. However, anomalou...

Plant biosilica particles (phytoliths) contain small amounts of carbon called phytC. Based on the assumptions that phytC is of photosynthetic origin and a closed system, claims were recently made that phytoliths from grasslands play a significant role in atmospheric CO2 sequestration. However, anomalous phytC radiocarbon (14C) dates suggested contr...

paper downloadable at: http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/5/1/71 Recent progress in genotyping allows for studies of the molecular genetic basis of cold resistance in cereals. However, as in many other fields of molecular genetic analysis, phenotyping for high numbers of genotypes is still a major bottleneck. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence measurem...

Carbon isotope composition in respired CO2 and organic matter of individual organs were measured on peanut seedlings during early ontogeny in order to compare fractionation during heterotrophic growth and transition to autotrophy in a species with lipid seed reserves with earlier results obtained on beans. Despite a high lipid content in peanut see...

Assessing the impact of climate change on range dynamics is difficult in the absence of large-extent distribution data. We developed a novel two-step approach as an instrument for biodiversity risk assessment. First, we established relationships between modelled loss of occupied grid cells (ﾑrange lossﾒ, R2=0.29), or gain of currently unoccupied gr...

Radiocarbon dating of C encapsulated in phytoliths (phytC) is being explored as an age control tool in archaeology, paleoecology, biogeochemistry, and soil science with limited success. However, because plants take up small amounts of C (1-3%) of varying ages from soils (e.g. during nutrient acquisition), recent studies have suggested that phytC is...

In general, leaves are (13) C-depleted compared with all other organs (e.g. roots, stem/trunk and fruits). Different hypotheses are formulated in the literature to explain this difference. One of these states that CO2 respired by leaves in the dark is (13) C-enriched compared with leaf organic matter, while it is (13) C-depleted in the case of root...

While giant reed (Arundo donax L.) seems exquisitely suited to produce biomass for energy, its produc-tion ecology is still largely unexplored. In this study we have investigated giant reed taking the wellinvestigated sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) as the reference crop. The aim was to elucidatewhether the productivity of giant reed is a...

We present an online database that provides unrestricted and free access to over 16 million plant phenological observations from over 8,000 stations in Central Europe between the years 1880 and 2009. Unique features are (1) a flexible and unrestricted access to a full-fledged database, allowing for a wide range of individual queries and data retrie...

The determinants of barley grain yield in drought-prone Mediterranean environments have been studied in the Nure x Tremois (NT) population. A large set of yield and other morpho-physiological data were recorded in 118 doubled haploid (DH) lines of the population, in multi-environment field trials (18 site-year combination). Agrometeorological varia...

To study the effect of fruit position on the stem on photoassimilate partitioning in two Iranian melon cultivars (Suski-Sabz and Jalali-Zard), a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Three fruit positions (retaining one fruit on 3rd, 7th or 11th node of two lateral branches) and three leaf positions for 13C-labelling (3rd, 8th or 12th leaf from the...

Introduction: Radiocarbon dating of C encapsulated in phytoliths (phytC) has being explored as an age control tool in archaeology, paleoecology, biogeochemistry, and soil science with limited success. However, because plants take up small amounts of C (1-3%) of varying ages from soils (e.g. during nutrient acquisition), recent studies have suggeste...

A comparison of yield and quality traits of four barley varieties in three agronomic years and with autumn as well as spring sowing was done at Tolentino (Marche, Italy). The response of yield and quality traits to climatic conditions was analysed as well as the correlation between them. Nutritional quality for animal feeding was good as compared t...

Il progetto ALIQUAL ha sviluppato un modello di filiera corta per la produzione di pane e prodotti da forno a base di cereali con connotazioni di alta qualità, sicurezza e presenza di beta-glucani. Sono stati studiati ed ottimizzati i principali passaggi di questa filiera, quali la scelta varietale, un protocollo agronomico sostenibile, lo sviluppo...

The continuously rising atmospheric CO2 content is a major elernent of the ongoing anthropogenic global changes. Future agricultural yields depend on me changing physical climate but also on the stimulation of phorosynthesis by elevated levels of arrnospheric CO2 the main direct effect of CO2 on plants. The response of durum wheat to increasing atm...

We present first results on the vegetative growth of 12 durum wheat genotypes under elevated atmospheric CO2 studied with a FACE experiment. The FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Emichment) system, installed in the experimental farm of the genomics research centre of CRA in Fiorenzuola d' Arda, allows to study the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 mi...

Die sich gegenseitig verstärkenden Probleme des Verlustes an Biodiver- sität und der schnelle Klimawandel sind heute allgemein bekannt und anerkannt. Es muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich der Klimawan- del auf viele Arten und Ökosysteme negativ auswirken wird. Andererseits kann der Schutz von Ökosystemen zur Abpufferung des Klimawandels und s...

The chloroplast is the central switch of the plant's response to cold and light stress. The ability of many plant species to develop a cold tolerant phenotype is dependent on the presence of light and photosynthetic activity during low-temperature growth. Light exposure at low temperature stimulates an over-reduction of the plastoquinone pool as we...

Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for assessing plant carbon and water relations and their impact on biogeochemical processes at different scales. Our process-based understanding of stable isotope signals, as well as technological developments, has progressed significantly, opening new frontiers in ecological and interdisciplinary research...

We present first results on the vegetative growth of 12 durum wheat genotypes under elevated atmospheric CO2 studied with a FACE experiment. The FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Emichment) system, installed in the experimental farm of the genomics research centre of CRA in Fiorenzuola d' Arda, allows to study the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 mi...

We present a new WEB-based phenological data base that provides public access to visualisation and download of phenological data series. The Plant-Phenological Online Database PPODB comprises plant-phenological observations collected in Central Europe between 1880 and 2009 with a special emphasis on Germany. We present trend analyses performed with...

The scope of this study was to assess the adequacy of four models (Blackman response, negative exponential, rectangular hyperbola and non-rectangular hyperbola) for describing the CO2 assimilation irradiance-response curve in leaves of giant reed, a promising energy crop with remarkable biomass productivity in Mediterranean areas. A field study was...

Questo lavoro presenta alcuni risultati ottenuti attraverso analisi combinate di tipo agronomico, fisiologico e molecolare condotte su un1 ampio campione di germoplasma di orzo coltivato in diversi areali, soprattutto europei, al fine di identificare genotipi e caratteri rilevanti per lﾒadattamento e la produttività dei cereali in considerazione de...

The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this...