Franklin Lue

• Professor (Assistant) at retired from University of Toronto

To examine the nature of seasonal symptoms, their prevalence, and differences among rheumatic disorders by examining longitudinal data over a period of up to 24 years. We used a questionnaire assessment of seasonal symptoms using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) in 1,424 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (O...

Based on evidence of a role for immune-associated cytokines in sleep induction, we investigated the possibility that lymphocyte distribution between blood and lymphatics could be altered as a function of sleep/wakefulness. Blood and lymph sample were obtained from 5 sheep during periods of slow-wave sleep and wake. Blood and lymph lymphocytes were...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pleotrophic cytokine implicated in a variety of central activities, including fever, sleep, ischemic injury, and neuromodulatory responses, such as neuroimmune, and neuroendocrine interactions. Although accumulating evidence is available regarding the expression pattern of this cytokine, its receptors in the CNS, and its m...

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pleotrophic cytokine implicated in a variety of central activities, including fever, sleep, ischemic injury, and neuromodulatory responses, such as neuroimmune, and neuroendocrine interactions. Although accumulating evi- dence is available regarding the expression pattern of this cytokine, its receptors in the CNS, and its...

Recent studies have shown that the central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the periphery by the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid into blood and lymph. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha would not only influence the CNS by promoting sleep but also would be directly transmitted into the periphera...

To investigate the effects of bright light treatment on the symptoms of pain, mood, and sleep in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) reporting seasonality of symptoms on the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). A randomized 10 week crossover study compared the effects of 4 weeks of "visible electromagnetic fields" (EMF) (light condition; m...

This dose ranging, double blind, placebo controlled, modified crossover study examined whether zolpidem would improve the disturbed sleep, fatigue, mood and pain symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). All symptoms were rated over 4 nights and 4 conditions for 16 consecutive nights during which 19 patients (mean age 42 years) randomly received...

We hypothesized that sleep-related violent behavior associated with parasomnias occurs as the result of a diathesis and is precipitated by stressors and mediated by disturbed nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep physiology. Sixty-four consecutive adult patients (mean age 30 years) who were investigated for sleepwalking or sleep terrors were categoriz...

The reliability of visual scoring of alpha electroencephalogram activity in nonrapid eye movement sleep was evaluated. Three trained scorers independently, on two occasions, assessed one record from each of 10 patients. In addition to standard sleep staging of the records, alpha activity was scored using three methods: a) while the record was being...

SUMMARY Animal and human studies have related the sleeping/waking brain to the immune system. Because women are more susceptible to certain immunological illnesses, and sex steroids regulate immune functions, it was investigated whether the diurnal sleep/wake pattern of aspects of cellular immune functions and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2-like act...

This report describes a canine model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) developed in our laboratory and the results of its preliminary short-term application. Healthy adult dogs were prepared with a tracheostomy and with implanted electroencephalographic and nuchal electromyographic recording electrodes. A silent occlusion valve was attached to the o...

Twenty-four patients with chronic postaccident pain were studied with self-rating symptom checklists, polysomnography and disability questionnaires. All except one had fibromyalgia. Eight had litigation resolved (R) while 16 had medicolegal claims still unresolved (UR). Patients from the R group were older, with a longer duration of symptoms and mo...

The study investigated secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol in relation to sleep and wakefulness. Plasma hormone levels were monitored in 10 young men during baseline waking and sleeping, during 40 hours of wakefulness, and during sleep following deprivation. The normal nocturnal GH surge disappeared with sleep deprivation, and wa...

Fibrositis (fibromyalgia) patients were compared with normal controls in terms of electrophysiology (EEG), self-report indicants of awakening, quality of sleep, behaviourally signalled awakenings, and Symptom Check List 90R (SCL-90R) scores. The results differentiated fibrositis patients from normal controls in terms of SCL-90R scores, with fibrosi...

A double blind, placebo controlled, crossover design study examined overnight sleep physiology, pain, fatigue, and mood symptoms in 12 patients with fibromyalgia treated with cyclobenzaprine. Nine patients completed the study. Patients receiving cyclobenzaprine showed a decrease in evening fatigue (F = 4.7, p less than 0.05) and an increase in tota...

The effect of 40 h of wakefulness on a variety of immunological parameters in the peripheral blood from 10 normal male subjects was studied. Sleep deprivation led to enhanced nocturnal plasma interleukin 1-like and interleukin 2-like activities. The rise in nocturnal response of lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen stimulation during a normal 24 h sleep...

Sleep physiology and symptoms of 9 patients with fibrositis syndrome secondary to a febrile illness were compared to 9 patients with fibrositis syndrome who did not attribute their symptoms to a febrile illness and to 10 healthy controls. Both patient groups showed an alpha EEG (7.5 to 11 Hz) nonrapid eye movement sleep anomaly, had similar observe...

Exogenous interleukin-1 (IL-1), applied intraventricularly, has been reported to enhance slow wave sleep. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous interleukin-1-like activity and IL-1 beta of the cat CSF increases during sleep in comparison to wake.

Sleep physiology, pain and mood symptoms of 8 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hands who complained of morning symptoms were compared to 7 age and sex matched subjects with similar joint pathology, but who did not complain of morning symptoms. The "AM Symptoms" group had sleep related (nocturnal) myoclonus, associated with increased m...

Thirty-three patients with rheumatic pain modulation disorder (RPMD) were divided into 2 groups: RPMD with sleep related myoclonus (RPMD-SM) (n = 12) and RPMD only (n = 21). Both groups showed chronic nonarticular musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, tender points, and nonrestorative sleep with alpha (7.5-11 Hz) EEG sleep anomaly. RPMD-SM patients were o...

Serial sampling of peripheral blood from six healthy adult male volunteers was performed during daytime waking and nighttime sleeping. In addition, sleep physiology was assessed in all subjects (Ss) and sleep stages scored blind by standard criteria. Samples of plasma were analyzed for cortisol (Co) levels, functional interleukin-1 (IL-1), and inte...

The clinical features and sleep physiology of 11 female patients with "fibrositis syndrome" or rheumatic pain modulation disorder (RPMD) were compared with 11 female postaccident pain (PAP) patients who complained of widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and nonrestorative sleep following a nonphysically injurious motor vehicle or work-related...

In a follow-up study (mean, approximately six months), nitrazepam was helpful in suppressing periodic movements in sleep (sleep-related myoclonus) and improving disturbed sleep physiology and daytime symptoms of 13 patients (mean age - 53 yr).

Periodic movements during sleep (PMS) are frequent, involuntary movements, usually of the lower extremities, that disrupt sleep. Twelve patients (nine men and three women, mean age 53.9 years) with a complaint of persistent insomnia (DIMS) were compared with 11 patients (eight men and three women, mean age 53.0 years) complaining of excessive dayti...

Among patients with similar degrees of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) there is considerable variability in the degree of associated nocturnal hypoxemia. The factors responsible for this variability have not been clearly defined. Therefore we studied 44 patients with OSA to identify the physiological determinants of nocturnal arterial O2 saturation (...

Although right heart failure is a recognized complication of obstructive sleep apnea, the incidence and pathogenesis of this complication have not been established. We therefore studied 50 consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea to determine the incidence of right heart failure and the factors involved in its development. Six patients (12...

We studied four patients with end stage renal disease treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who complained of chronic insomnia and fatigue. Overnight polysomnography showed a disorder of sleep maintenance that was associated with nocturnal myoclonus. Sleeppromoting substance(s), Factor S-like material, that was extracted from...

We describe a new syndrome, Rheumatic Pain Modulation Disorder (RPMD) ("fibrositis syndrome") with sleep-related myoclonus (involuntary periodic leg movements). Measures of sleepiness, fatigue and pain, before and after sleep, and aspects of sleep of nine subjects (Ss) with RPMD and sleep-related myoclonus were compared to nine subjects with excess...

We studied the influence of disturbed sleep physiology on morning symptoms in 15 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were experiencing an acute flare. All were found to have an alpha frequency (7 to 11.5 Hz) EEG sleep anomaly, an overnight increase in tenderness in their peripheral joints and in "fibrositic" regions, as well as in...

Aspects of sleep stage evaluation and analysis of alpha and delta EEG frequencies in sleep were shown to be related to musculo-skeletal pain and mood disturbance in patients with 'fibrositis syndrome'. Patients were treated at bedtime for 3 weeks with either chlorpromazine, 100 mg (8 patients), or L-tryptophan, 5 g (7 patients). Chlorpromazine, but...

This study attempts to define EEG power spectral patterns associated with hallucinatory behaviors in schizophrenia. Six unmedicated schizophrenics with Schneiderian criteria were interviewed and their tongue potentials were monitored and recorded on FM tape. Eye movements and tongue potentials were monitored and segments with artifacts were not use...