
Frank ScaliCalifornia University of Science & Medicine · Anatomy
Frank Scali
MD, DC
About
45
Publications
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599
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
January 2010 - present
Logan College of Chiropractic
Publications
Publications (45)
Purpose:
Given the advancements in dissection modalities over the last decade, what is the current understanding of the alar fascia and its clinical implications as an access point into the danger space (DS)? The aim of the study is to provide an updated review of the alar fascia and danger space.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of the alar fasc...
Cerebrospinal fluid leaks have been noted as a radiological finding in some post-whiplash patients. However, the mechanism for these leaks has not yet been described.
Anatomical studies have recently reported deep suboccipital muscles attaching to the cervical dura mater viamyodural bridging structures. Excessive tension across these myovertebral s...
Background
A recent trend in medical education is developing a more dynamic and integrated curriculum. Team-based learning (TBL) increases students’ engagement and the active construction of anatomical knowledge. This initial study aimed to empirically observe medical students’ perceptions of their achievement of learning outcomes and the construct...
Introduction:
Sheet plastination has provided evidence that the posterior atlantooccipital membrane attaches to the dura's posterior sleeve at the cerebrospinal junction. These findings contradict the traditional anatomical description of this membrane extending from the atlas' posterior arch to the foramen magnum.
Methods:
A total of 16 plastin...
Introduction:
At the California University of Science and Medicine, School of Medicine, the anatomy department has developed a sequential model of teaching in which anatomical concepts are gradually introduced and integrated with increasingly complex modalities. This teaching pedagogy aims to establish strong anatomical foundations to equip studen...
Objective: The purpose of this anatomic case report is to describe a variation of the biceps brachii muscle identified in an adult male cadaveric specimen and its potential clinical relevance.
Methods: A cadaveric specimen with a left supernumerary biceps brachii muscle was dissected. Adjacent neurovascular structures were isolated, and their pathw...
Objective
The purpose of this narrative review of the literature is to provide an overview of quadrangular space syndrome with special attention to its clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
Methods
A narrative review of the English-language, peer-reviewed literature was performed using the key words “axillary nerve,” “quadr...
Objective
Current best teaching practices support the usage of several complementary pedagogical resources. The evolution of modern technology allowed the development of new teaching approaches that complemented the use of cadavers in the future learning model of neuroanatomy laboratory. New teaching methods were introduced to the neuroanatomy lab...
Introduction
Technology assisted learning has gained popularity among medical educators and students for various beneficial reasons. It provides a quick way of assessing student knowledge, provides instant feedback, and has the potential to modify student learning strategies. The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of an Intera...
The purpose of this case report is to describe the value of musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) in diagnosing both distal intersection syndrome (DIS) and rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon in the same patient. A 38-year-old female presented for evaluation of a painful bump of unknown etiology on the dorsolateral aspect of her non-domi...
Digital Line Art: Sonographic measurement of the normal suprascapular nerve and omohyoid muscle; Figures 1-4. Manual Therapy. 2014, Apr; 19(2): 167.
Graphite Illustration: Recognition and Treatment of the Elusive Sports Hernia: Figure 1. 2012, September 26
Graphite Illustration: A unique variation in the course of the musculocutaneous nerve: Figure 1. Clinical Anatomy. 2011, Nov; 24(8): 211.
Scali F, Pontell ME, Welk AB, Malmstrom TK, Marshall E, Kettner NW. Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the atlanto-axial interspace. Clinical Anatomy. 2013, May; 26(4): 444-449.
Graphite Illustration: Histological analysis of the rectus capitis posterior major’s myodural bridge; Figure 1. The Spine Journal. 2013, May; 13(5): 559.
Graphite Illustration: Sonographic diagnosis of an acute Stener lesion: a case report; Figures 1a-c. Journal of Ultrasound. 2015, Jun; 19(2): 149.
Graphite Illustration: Defining the Morphology and Distribution of the Alar Fascia: A Sheet Plastination Investigation; Figures 1-4. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2015, Oct; 124(10): 816-818.
Graphite Illustration: Dynamic Ultrasounography of the Deep External Rotator Musculature of the Hip: A Descriptive Study: Inset B in Figures 1-5). PM&R. 2015, Nov; 8(7):640-650
Graphite Illustration: Management of Acute Patellar Dislocation: A Case Report; Figure 6. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2015, Jul; 14(3): 215.
Objective:
The purpose of this case study is to describe the evaluation and management of patellar dislocations and the different approaches used from providers in different countries.
Clinical features:
An individual dislocated her left patella while traveling abroad and received subsequent care in Thailand, China, and the United States.
Inter...
Over the past two decades, soft-tissue structures communicating with the dura mater within the epidural space have become the focus of many anatomic and histopathological studies. The relationship of these bridging structures has yet to be evaluated in situ.
This is the first study that employs E12 sheet plastination to investigate the epidural spa...
Introduction: The purpose of this case study is to describe the evaluation and
management of patellar dislocations.
Clinical features: Acute lateral patellar dislocations are a common orthopedic condition
that occurs when the confinement of the patella is disrupted from the patella-femoral
groove often damaging the medial patellofemoral ligament. T...
This case report describes the use of diagnostic ultrasound to diagnose a Stener lesion in a patient who presented for conservative care of thumb pain following a fall on an outstretched hand. Conventional radiographic images demonstrated an avulsion fracture at the ulnar aspect of the base of the first proximal phalanx. Diagnostic ultrasound revea...
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Variants of the obturator artery (OA) and obturator vein (OV) traverse the posterior superior pubic ramus and life‐ threatening hemorrhage can occur when this transramic (TR) segment of the artery (TROA) or vein (TROV) is damaged by trauma or surgery. The TR locaFon of these vessels is well documented whereas the origin of a...
This study aims to delineate the morphology, integrity, and distribution of the alar fascia using dissection and E12 sheet plastination. This is the first study that employs E12 sheet plastination to investigate the alar fascia and its adjacent potential spaces.
Twenty-nine manual dissections and 3 sets of E12 sheet plastinations were used to exami...
Objectives: This in-vitro quantitative analysis of dura elastin fibers examines the concentration and direction of elastin fibers responsible for dural tensile properties which influences its ability to resist mechanical stresses in flexion and extension Abstract The dura mater of the cervical spine is composed of collagen fibers intermingled with...
Background: Nerve entrapments of the upper extremity are common occurrences and may be associated with anatomical variations in musculature. Background: This study presents an anatomical variation of the biceps brachii muscle which may have clinical significance. Methods: A gross dissection of a formalin embalmed cadaveric specimen was performed at...
The role of posterior cervical musculature in sensorimotor control, cervicocephalic pain, and stabilization of the spinal cord has been recently described. Anatomical soft tissue connections which cross the cervical epidural space link suboccipital muscle fascia and dura. These myodural bridges provide passive and active anchoring of the spinal cor...
The objective of this study is to examine the anatomy of the atlanto-axial interspace using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Two hundred and forty MR images of living subjects were examined for the presence of a posterior dural prominence and oblique hypointense fibers between the first and second cervical neural arches. Of the 240 images analyzed,...
This study was designed to examine the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle from a gross anatomical perspective. The objective was to isolate and identify the OCI myodural bridge, while examining its course and contributing elements. An earlier study of the posterior cervical spine briefly reported a connection between the OCI and the cervical du...
The recent literature describes soft-tissue communications which link the suboccipital muscles with the cervical dura mater. In addition to their role in the etiology of cervicogenic headaches, these myodural communications may be part of a system that monitors dural tension. This study examines the upper cervical myodural communications at a micro...
Background context:
In recent literature, a soft-tissue communication between the rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma) muscle and the cervical dura mater has been identified. To the best of our knowledge, this communication has yet to be validated from a histological perspective nor has it been examined for neural tissue.
Purpose:
The purpose...
Entrapment neuropathies of the sciatic and femoral nerves arising from anatomical variations in the piriformis muscle and iliopsoas muscle complex should be considered in the differential for the disc patient that is refractory to care. Well-documented anatomical variations in the piriformis and iliopsoas complex muscles as well as sciatic and femo...
To present a group of anatomical findings that may have clinical significance.
This study is an anatomical case report of combined lumbo-pelvic peripheral nerve and muscular variants.
University anatomy laboratory.
One cadaveric specimen.
During routine cadaveric dissection for a graduate teaching program, unilateral femoral and bilateral sciatic n...
Sports hernia is a chronic groin injury in athletes related to repetitive kicking, twisting, or turning at high speeds. A cluster of five signs and symptoms warrants investigation of sports hernia: (1) a complaint of deep groin/ lower abdominal pain, (2) pain exacerbated by sport-specific activities and relieved at rest, (3) palpable tenderness ove...
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome is an increasingly recognized pathology associated primarily with young, active individuals. It is appropriate that health care providers are well educated and knowledgeable in the anatomical aspects, the clinical presentation, and management options when confronted with a patient suffering from Femoroacetabula...
Anatomic study performed on 13 cadaveric specimens focused on muscles of the suboccipital triangle, specifically, the rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma).
To investigate a connection between the RCPma and the cervical dura mater.
In a study of the posterior intervertebral spaces, a connection between the RCPma and the dura mater was briefly desc...
This case report describes a rare presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) that was initially diagnosed as a peripheral nerve lesion in the emergency department.
A 30-year-old woman presented to a chiropractic teaching clinic with a complaint of a sudden right foot drop. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a large mass in the left parie...
To use sonography to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the greater occipital nerve (GON) and the adjacent obliquus capitis inferior muscle (OCI) in normal subjects.
Data from 30 asymptomatic subjects between the ages of 22 and 35 were collected. CSA and circumference of the GON and CSA of OCI were measured using sonography. Interexaminer re...