Frank de Vocht

• PhD
• Lecturer at University of Bristol

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/129/11, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100450 Summary Backgro...

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/129/11, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13413 Introduction The COVID-19 p...

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/129/11, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2205991 Aims Interventi...

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/129/11, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.22-00020 Objective In the Unite...

This article consists of a citation of a published article describing research funded by the Public Health Research programme under project number 15/129/11, and is provided as as part of the complete record of research outputs for this project. The original publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.006 Objectives This st...

Background Ecological studies hypothesise a ‘safety in numbers’ (SiN) effect whereby road safety for bicycles and other micromobility users improves as their numbers increase, due to behavioural changes of motorists. Causal interpretation of these studies is difficult due to confounding and reverse causation. The introduction of electric scooter (e...

Introduction In England, eligible adults aged 40–74 years are invited to attend a face-to-face (F2F) NHS Health Check appointment every 5 years. A digital version of the Health Check was introduced by a local authority as an alternative for those hesitant or less able to attend an F2F appointment. Objectives This qualitative study aimed to underst...

Background There has been a substantial increase in the conduct of natural experimental evaluations in the last 10 years. This has been driven by advances in methodology, greater availability of large routinely collected datasets, and a rise in demand for evidence about the impacts of upstream population health interventions. It is important that r...

Background In a stepped wedge design, schools are randomised to a sequence of measurements, with each sequence transitioning to intervention status at a different time. There are several advantages to such designs, including increased statistical power, logistical benefits and the ability to explore change over time. However, stepped wedge designs...

Background State primary schools present an opportunity to support children’s physical activity equitably, however, many school-based physical activity interventions have been unsuccessful. Many interventions have focused on school built environments to increase or measure the physical infrastructure a school has. Yet literature suggests that broad...

Background In England, 23% of children aged 11 start their teenage years living with obesity. An adolescent living with obesity is five times more likely to live with obesity in adult life. There is limited research and policy incorporating adolescents’ views on how they experience the commercial determinants of dietary behaviour and obesity, which...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in marked impacts on children’s physical activity, with large reductions in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported during lockdowns. Previous evidence showed children’s activity levels were lower and sedentary time higher immediately post-COVID lockdown, while there was little change in...

Background Children’s physical activity in England is more dependent on active clubs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic and related cost-of-living crisis have impacted on active club participation, costs and provision. This mixed-methods natural experiment explored school-based and community-based active c...

Background Restrictions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced physical activity provision for both children and their parents. Recent studies have reported decreases in physical activity levels during lockdown restrictions, but these were largely reliant on self-report methods, with data collected via unrepresentative self...

Background Active-6 is exploring how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted physical activity behaviour among Year 6 children (aged 10–11 years) and their parents in Southwest England. Initial findings from the Active-6 project have shown a 7–8 min decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour among children...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children’s physical activity. Recent evidence indicated children’s accelerometer-measured physical activity levels have, on average, returned to near pre-pandemic levels in 2022, though sedentary behaviour remains higher. However, insufficient physical activity levels among children continues...

Background: Effective and cost-effective treatments are not always optimally implemented. The benefit forgone due to sub-optimal implementation is often not considered or estimated. We use the economic concept of ‘incremental net monetary benefit’ (INMB) to demonstrate how this can be valued. This approach can inform decision-making when used to es...

Objectives To compare the uptake, effectiveness and costs of a digital version of the National Health Service (NHS) Health Check (DHC) to the standard face-to-face NHS Health Check (F2F). Participants and setting A random sample of 9000 patients aged 40–74 eligible for an NHS Health Check in Southwark, England, between January and April 2023. Int...

Background Physical activity is essential for long-term health, yet data from before the COVID-19 pandemic showed only 41% of 10- to 11-year-olds met the UK government’s physical activity recommendations. Children’s physical activity was limited during the national COVID-19 lockdowns. It is important to measure children’s physical activity in the r...

Background Bristol was the first city outside London to introduce a policy to restrict adverts for high fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) products and other unhealthy commodities (alcohol, gambling, payday loans) on council sites in 2021. This research evaluates the impact of this policy. Methods We conducted a controlled repeated cross-sectional study o...

This qualitative study explores the motivations, barriers, and facilitators underpinning the adoption of the Mindset Teams programme in primary schools across Scotland. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 teachers across six Mindset Teams schools and 14 wider stakeholders working across local, regional, and national levels. Findings s...

Background and objectives Schools play a crucial role in facilitating physical activity among children, but the COVID-19 pandemic has affected both children’s physical activity and the school environment. It is essential to understand between-school differences in children’s physical activity post lockdown, to determine if and how the role of schoo...

Objectives Assessing occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) presents significant challenges due to the considerable variability in exposure levels within and between occupations. This spatial and temporal variability complicates the reliable evaluation of potential health risks associated with RF-EMF exposure in the...

Background The COVID-19 lockdowns had negative effects on children’s and adults’ mental and physical health. There is, however, a paucity of research that explores differences in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and well-being over time after the COVID-19 lockdowns had been lifted. Furlough during lockdowns, increases in unemployment, and the...

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF, 100 kHz to 300 GHz) are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). This study evaluates the potential association between occupational RF‐EMF exposure and brain tumor risk, utilizing for the first time, a RF‐EMF job‐exposure matrix (RF‐JEM) developed in the multi‐country INTEROCC...

Background Globally alcohol consumption is a leading risk factor for premature death and disability and is associated with crime, social and economic consequences. Local communities may be able to play a role in addressing alcohol-related issues in their area. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and cost–benefit of an asset-based community de...

Background Little is known about who uses online food delivery services and how use of these services is associated with social inequalities in food purchasing and diet-related health. This study explored associations between social position and use of online takeaway food and grocery delivery services, and its association with weight status. Meth...

Background Teachers as delivery agents within school-based mindset programmes is a potential intervention strategy for improving pupils’ outcomes. The Mindset Teams programme, utilises teachers as delivery agents, with an aim to improve learning resilience for health and attainment outcomes among schools in Scotland. This study examined the perceiv...

Background Randomised, cluster-based study designs in schools are commonly used to evaluate children’s physical activity interventions. Sample size estimation relies on accurate estimation of the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC), but published estimates, especially using accelerometry-measured physical activity, are few and vary dependin...

Background Outreach clinics were part of efforts to maximise uptake in COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We used controlled interrupted time series, matching on age, sex, deprivation and vaccination eligibility date, to determine the effect of outreach clinics on time to first COVID-19 vaccine, using a population-based electronic health record databas...

Executive Summary: This study set out to evaluate the longer term sustainability, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of the National PReCePT Programme (NPP) in England, and explore trends and MgSO4 guidance implementation practices in the devolved nations, Scotland and Wales. We found that the majority of improvement in MgSO4 use seemed to take...

Purpose We quantified levels of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and investigated consumption patterns in a representative sample of UK adolescents. Methods We used data from 4-day food diaries from adolescents in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (2008/09–2018/19). UPF were identified using the NOVA classification. We estimat...

Background: Since 2015, UK national guidelines have recommended antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for mothers in preterm labour (<30 weeks' gestation) to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in the preterm baby. However, implementation of this guideline in clinical practice was slow, and MgSO4 use varied between maternity units. In 2018, the PReCePT...

Background Regulatory actions are increasingly used to tackle issues such as excessive alcohol or sugar intake, but such actions to reduce sedentary behaviour remain scarce. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on sedentary behaviour call for system-wide policies. The Chinese government introduced the world’s first nation-wide multi-setting r...

Background and objectives The COVID-19 lockdowns impacted physical activity for all, but especially parents, because they had to balance home, work and leisure activities. Motivation for exercise is consistently shown to be associated with physical activity levels. Self-determination theory provides a framework through which the motivation for exer...

Introduction Schools provide a unique environment to facilitate physical activity for children. However, many school-based physical activity interventions have not been effective. We propose a new approach, which allows schools to tailor interventions to their specific context. This scoping review aimed to identify intervention components from prev...

Background International systematic reviews suggest an association between alcohol availability and increased alcohol-related harms. Alcohol availability is regulated through separate locally administered licensing systems in England and Scotland, in which local public health teams have a statutory role. The system in Scotland includes a public hea...

Background The COVID-19 lockdowns and social distancing measures, including school closures, had a major impact on children’s physical activity in England, with data showing an initial reduction in activity in the short-term post-lockdown phase of the pandemic followed by a recovery on average in the medium-term post-lockdown period. The school env...

Background Addressing the wider determinants of mental health alongside psychological therapy could improve mental health service outcomes and population mental health. Objectives To estimate the effectiveness of an enhanced ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapies’ (IAPT) mental health service compared with traditional IAPT in England. Alongs...

Introduction Supporting adolescents with their health and wellbeing is an international public health priority. Schools are well placed to universally detect unmet health needs and support pupils. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health and wellbeing screening tool, called the ‘Digital Health Contact’ (DHC) implemented in...

Background Online grocery delivery services (OGDSs) are a popular way of acquiring food. However, it is unclear whether OGDS use is associated with the healthiness of purchases and whether there are sociodemographic differences in OGDS use. If so, the increased prevalence of OGDS use may have implications for population diet, and differential OGDS...

Background Germ Defence ( www.germdefence.org ) is an evidence-based interactive website that promotes behaviour change for infection control within households. To maximise the potential of Germ Defence to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19, the intervention needed to be implemented at scale rapidly. Methods With NHS England approval, we co...

Physical activity is important for children’s health, but moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) declines with age. COVID-19 lockdowns resulted in reduced MVPA and increased sedentary time among children. Characterising children’s activity patterns may help identify groups who are most likely to be inactive post-lockdown. Data were combined...

Background and Aim Drinking alcohol may cause harm to an individual's health and social relationships, while a drinking culture may harm societies as it may increase crime rates and make an area feel less safe. Local councils in Greater Manchester, UK, developed the Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) intervention, in which volunteers were trai...

Background Children’s physical activity in England is more dependent on active clubs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic and related cost-of-living crisis have impacted on active club participation, costs and provision. This mixed-methods natural experiment explored school-based and community-based active c...

OBJECTIVES. Real-world evidence is playing an increasingly important role in health technology assessment, but is prone to selection and confounding bias. We demonstrate how to conduct a real-world within-study cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) analysis. We combined traditional within-trial bootstrapped regression-baseline-adjustment with...

Background The Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS), commissioned by Primary Care Networks (PCNs), began in 2020 to expand the non-medical practitioner workforce in primary care. It is expected to improve primary care delivery by expediting patient access, mitigating rising demand, and providing an advanced career pathway for non-GP practit...

Background Mental health challenges faced by young people are increasing. Women and girls experience higher levels of internalised mental illness, such as depression and anxiety. This may be because of biological development and/or social risks. Schools could support good mental health and detect areas for intervention. Moreover, aspects of the sch...

Background The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been proposed as a key driver of the global rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence from several countries suggests that adolescents are the highest consumers of UPFs. This study aimed to examine UPF consumption in a representative sample of UK adolescents, its changes across...

Background The COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK impacted the way healthcare was accessed and delivered. This includes primary care where the shift to digital consultations was accelerated in addition to restrictions on in-person attendance. This is known to have impacted patients in different ways depending on their health condition. However, the immed...

Background Online grocery delivery services (OGDS) provided a way to reduce physical contact with others during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, OGDS may not have been equally available to all households and may have exacerbated health inequalities. Pre-pandemic, OGDS use was more prevalent among higher-income households and was associated with some...

Background Improving the health and well-being of young people is a public health priority. Schools present an ideal setting to implement strategies to improve young people’s health and well-being. Conducting health improvement research in schools is, however, challenging. Schools can find it difficult to participate and adhere to research processe...

Background Schools offer a valuable setting to promote good health and mental well-being amongst young people. Schools are complex systems and as such systems interventions are needed to improve student health and well-being. Despite an increase in the use of systems-based approaches in public health research, there remain limited examples of apply...

Background Commercial advertising and sponsorship drive the consumption of harmful commodities. Local authorities (LAs) have considerable powers to reduce such exposures. This study aimed to characterize local commercial policies across all English LAs. Methods We conducted a census of all English LAs (n = 333) to identify local commercial policie...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children's physical activity. Recent evidence indicated children's accelerometer-measured physical activity levels have, on average, returned to near pre-pandemic levels in 2022, though sedentary behaviour remains higher. However, insufficient physical activity levels among children continue...

Introduction Place-based public health evaluations are increasingly making use of natural experiments. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the design and use of natural experiment evaluations (NEEs), and an assessment of the plausibility of the as-if randomization assumption. Methods A systematic search of three bibliographic datab...

Background Improving the health and well-being of young people is a public health priority. Schools present an ideal setting to implement strategies to improve young people’s health and well-being. A key strategy involves conducting surveys to assess student health needs, inform interventions, and monitor health over time. Conducting research in sc...

Background: Germ Defence (www.germdefence.org) is an evidence-based interactive website that promotes behaviour change for infection control within households. To maximise the potential of Germ Defence to effectively reduce the spread of COVID-19 the intervention needed to be implemented at scale rapidly. Methods: With the approval of NHS England,...

Background Bristol City Council introduced a new advertisement policy in 2021/2022 which included prohibiting the advertising of unhealthy food and drink (HFSS), alcohol, gambling and payday loans across council-owned advertising spaces. This mixed methods study is part of the BEAR study, and aimed to explore the rationale and the barriers and faci...

Background The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been proposed as a key driver of the global rise in non-communicable diseases. Evidence from several countries suggests that adolescents are the highest consumers. This study examined UPF consumption in a representative sample of UK adolescents. Methods We used data from 4-day food diari...

Background A new Health and Wellbeing pathway was introduced into the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in one geographical area of the UK in 2021 to address the wider determinants of mental health problems. It comprised assisted signposting to wider services and physical health promotion. This qualitative study aimed to un...

Background: Exposure to poor air quality is one of the most significant environmental public health challenges. In the UK, local authorities (LAs) are responsible for monitoring and managing air quality. This article explores the need and mechanisms for cross-departmental working in LAs to make decisions about air quality issues. Methods: Semi-s...

Schools offer a valuable setting to promote good health and mental well-being amongst young people. Schools are complex systems and therefore systems interventions are needed to improve pupil health and well-being. This paper presents a qualitative process evaluation of the South West- School Health Research Network, a systems level intervention. T...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in marked impacts on children’s physical activity, with large reductions in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported during lockdowns. Previous evidence showed children’s activity levels were lower and sedentary time higher immediately post-COVID lockdown, while there was little change in...

Background There is an increased need for prevention and early intervention surrounding young people’s health and well-being. Schools offer a pivotal setting for this with evidence suggesting that focusing on health within schools improves educational attainment. One promising approach is the creation of School Health Research Networks which exist...

To help health economic modelers respond to demands for greater use of complex systems models in public health. To propose identifiable features of such models and support researchers to plan public health modeling projects using these models. A working group of experts in complex systems modeling and economic evaluation was brought together to dev...

Physical activity is important for children’s health. However, evidence suggests that many children and adults do not meet international physical activity recommendations. Current school-based interventions have had limited effect on physical activity and alternative approaches are needed. Context, which includes school setting, ethos, staff, and s...

Background Exposure to advertising of unhealthy commodities such as fast-food and gambling is recognised as a risk factor for developing non-communicable diseases. Assessment of the impact of such advertisement and the evaluation of the impact of any policies to restrict such advertisements on public health are reliant on the quality of the exposur...

Introduction Industries that produce and market potentially harmful commodities or services (eg, tobacco, alcohol, gambling, less healthy foods and beverages) are a major influence on the drivers of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases. The nature and impact of interactions between public bodies and ‘harmful commodity industries’...

Background Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased screen-viewing among children, especially during strict periods of lockdown. However, the extent to which screen-viewing patterns in UK school children have changed post lockdowns is unclear. The aim of this paper is to examine how screen-viewing changed in 10–11-year-old ch...

Objectives To evaluate the impact of a new clinic-based rapid sexually transmitted infection testing, diagnosis and treatment service on healthcare delivery and resource needs in an integrated sexual health service. Design Controlled interrupted time series study. Setting Two integrated sexual health services (SHS) in UK: Unity Sexual Health in B...

Background Dental caries in childhood is a burden on the daily lives of children and their families, and associated with poor oral health in adulthood. In England, dental caries is the most common reason for young children to be admitted to hospital. It is believed that most tooth extractions (due to decay) for children aged 10 years and under, cou...

Background It is widely recognised that complex public health interventions roll out in distinct phases, within which external contextual factors influence implementation. Less is known about relationships with external contextual factors identified a priori in the pre-implementation phase. We investigated which external contextual factors, prior t...

Background A new Health and Wellbeing pathway was introduced into the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service in one geographical area of the UK in 2021 to address the wider determinants of mental health problems. It comprised assisted signposting to wider services and physical health promotion. This qualitative study aimed to un...

Background UK policy makers have called for urgent action to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but evidence on what is effective is scarce. We aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesise evidence on content, process aspects, and effectiveness of UK PAE prevention initiatives. Methods We conducted a systematic search of published and grey lit...

Schools play a significant role in promoting health and well-being and the reciprocal links between health and educational attainment are well-evidenced. Despite recognition of the beneficial impact of school-based health improvement programmes, significant barriers to improving health and well-being within schools remain. This study pilots a Schoo...

Objective: In the UK, some public health teams (PHTs) routinely engage with local alcohol premises licensing systems, through which licences to sell alcohol are granted. We aimed to categorise PHT efforts, and to develop and apply a measure of their efforts over time. Methods: Preliminary categories of PHT activity were developed based on prior...

Background Active-6 is exploring how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted physical activity behaviour among Year 6 children (aged 10–11 years) and their parents in Southwest England. Initial findings from the Active-6 project have shown a 7–8 min decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an increase in sedentary behaviour among children...

Background Public health teams (PHTs) in England and Scotland engage to varying degrees in local alcohol licensing systems to try to reduce alcohol-related harms. No previous quantitative evidence is available on the effectiveness of this engagement. We aimed to quantify the effects of PHT engagement in alcohol licensing on selected health and crim...

Background Online grocery delivery services (OGDS) are becoming increasingly popular. The impact of OGDS on population diet and inequalities in food purchases is under-studied. This study examined how use of OGDS varies by sociodemographic characteristics and is associated with the amount and types of grocery purchased. Methods Food and drink purc...

Background Meeting the increasing sexual health needs of communities in the context of reduced funding is an ongoing challenge for sexual health services (SHS) in England. Providers are increasingly driven to find efficiencies while maintaining quality of care, such as through introducing point of care testing (POCT). In 2018, Unity Sexual Health i...

BACKGROUND Online grocery delivery services (OGDSs) are a popular way of acquiring food. However, it is unclear whether OGDS use is associated with the healthiness of purchases and whether there are sociodemographic differences in OGDS use. If so, the increased prevalence of OGDS use may have implications for population diet, and differential OGDS...

Background Epigenetic changes in the form of DNA methylation (DNAm) may act as biological markers of risk factors or adverse health states. We investigated associations between night shift work and established DNAm predictors of lifestyle, and compared them with those observed between night shift work and self-reported or conventionally-measured ph...

Purpose Around 400,000 working days per year are lost in the construction industry due to stress, depression or anxiety, but a large proportion of the industry – those primarily not based “on-site” – is not included in these statistics. Little research has been conducted in this group about their experiences of occupational stress. The authors expl...

Background Restrictions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced physical activity provision for both children and their parents. Recent studies have reported decreases in physical activity levels during lockdown restrictions, but these were largely reliant on self-report methods, with data collected via unrepresentative self...