Françoise Médale

• PhD
• French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)

Muscle lipid content affects many quality features in salmonids in both raw and processed fillets. The objective of the present work was to assess the consequences of 7 generations of divergent selection for muscle adiposity on some rainbow trout flesh quality and muscle parameters. Fish from Lean (L) and Fat (F) lines had a similar body weight but...

Cette synthèse fait le point des connaissances sur les différentes dimensions de la qualité des produits issus d’élevages en agriculture biologique (AB) vs conventionnelle et sur les méthodes développées pour les authentifier. Les pratiques d’élevage étant variables, en AB comme en agriculture conventionnelle (AC), les résultats sont hétérogènes. N...

Muscle lipid content was shown to affect many quality features in salmonids in both raw and processed fillets. The objective of the present work was to assess the consequences of 7 generations of divergent selection for muscle adiposity on some rainbow trout flesh quality and muscle parameters. Fish from Lean (L) and Fat (F) lines had a similar bod...

The formulation of sustainable fish feeds based on plant ingredients supplemented by alternative ingredients to plant (insect, micro-algae, yeast) and genetic selection of fish for plant-based diets were tested on rainbow trout in two separate experiments. Plant-based diets and corresponding diets supplemented with an ingredient mix: insect, micro-...

Replacing fish meal and oil in trout diets with plant-derived ingredients is a contemporary challenge to move towards more sustainable aquaculture practices. However, such dietary replacement causes hepatic metabolic changes that have not yet been elucidated. Here, we aimed to decipher the effect of a 100% plant-based diet on the hepatic global DNA...

The 'organic' label guarantees a production process that avoids the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and hormones and minimises the use of veterinary drugs; however, consumers are demanding guarantees regarding food quality. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the quality of organic animal products, including the authenti...

Within the context of a growing aquaculture production coupled with a plateau of the production in the main components of aquafeeds (fish oil and fishmeal), recent studies have typically focused on replacing these feedstuffs with terrestrial plant ingredients for cultured carnivorous aquatic species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sub...

The long-term effect of a plant (P)-based diet was assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( ¹ H-NMR) metabolomics in rainbow trout fed a marine fish meal (FM)–fish oil (FO) diet (M), a P-based diet and a control commercial-like diet (C) starting with the first feeding. Growth performances were not heavily altered by long-term feeding on the...

To meet the growing demand of fish feed for aquaculture, an increasing proportion of marine ingredients are being replaced by blends of plant products. However, the total replacement of marine ingredients in salmonid diets impairs fish performance. This is particularly true during the early fry stage and this stage is therefore considered of partic...

Sequence of primers used for gene expression analysis by real-time PCR. (XLSX)

Fold changes and p-value associated with each gene found differentially expressed among the three genotypes, identified as potential molecular markers linked to plant-based diets utilisation. (XLSX)

GO terms found significantly enriched (Cut-off: p-value<0.01; Benjamini<0.1). (XLSX)

The aim of the PHASE Division's research on animal products is to understand and predict the consequences of rearing conditions on the development of these products, particularly the quantity as well as the sensorial, nutritional, technological and health qualities of meat products. The ambition is to find compromises allowing to high value product...

The shortage of fish meal and fish oil has led to demonstrate the feasibility of omitting marine ingredients from the diet of rainbow trout. This complete suppression was further studied in the present experiment. Plasma markers indicated that the metabolism was deeply affected in trout fed plant ingredients. The pyrosequencing of reverse transcrip...

The effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil with a plant-based diet were studied in juvenile (10g) and ongrowing (250-350g) rainbow trout from first-feeding. Feed-related differences in the intestinal and hepatic transcriptome were examined in juveniles after 7 months of feeding at 7°C. Based on microarray results obtained for juveniles, the exp...

Impact of dietary treatments on the hepatic transcriptome of juveniles. Genes tested by RT-q PCR are in bold. (DOCX)

Impact of dietary treatments on the intestinal transcriptome of juveniles. Genes tested by RT-q PCR are in bold. (DOCX)

L’enjeu des recherches du département PHASE sur les produits animaux est de comprendre et de prédire les conséquences des conditionsd'élevage sur l’élaboration des produits notamment carnés, leur quantité et leurs qualités sensorielles, nutritionnelles, technologiques et sanitaires.Il s'agit de trouver des compromis pour obtenir des produits de hau...

In the context of limited marine resources, the exponential growth of aquaculture requires the substitution of fish oil and fishmeal, the traditional components of fish feeds by terrestrial plant ingredients. High levels of such substitution are known to negatively impact fish performance such as growth and survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus m...

ARRIVE guidelines checklist. (PDF)

La couverture des besoins en acides aminés des animaux d’élevage est assurée majoritairement par des matières premières riches en protéines, telles les farines de poissons pour les poissons ou le tourteau de soja pour les volailles. La raréfaction des ressources, la compétition entre alimentation animale et humaine pour l’usage des sols et l’envolé...

The composition of feed for farmed salmonids has strongly evolved during the last decades due to the substitution of fishery-derived fish oil and fishmeal by ingredients of plant origin. Little information is available regarding the effects of this transition on adaptive capacities in fish. Two rainbow trout isogenic lines, known for their diver...

The impact of increased incorporation of plant ingredients on diets for rainbow trout was evaluated in terms of gene expression of gastric (gastric lipase, pepsinogen) and intestinal (prolidase, maltase, phospholipase A2) digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters (peptide and glucose transporters), as well as of postprandial levels of plasma gluc...

Background The achievement of sustainable feeding practices in aquaculture by reducing the reliance on wild-captured fish, via replacement of fish-based feed with plant-based feed, is impeded by the poor growth response seen in fish fed high levels of plant ingredients. Our recent strategy to nutritionally program rainbow trout by early short-term...

The whole-body transcriptome of trout alevins was characterised to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of rainbow trout broodstock females a diet free of fishmeal and fish oil on the metabolic capacities of progeny. Effects were studied before first feeding and after 3 weeks of feeding diets containing different proportions of marine and p...

Incorporation of a plant blend in the diet can affect growth parameters and metabolism in carnivorous fish. We studied for the first time the long-term (1 year) metabolic response of rainbow trout fed from first feeding with a plant-based diet totally devoid of marine ingredients. Hepatic enzymes were analyzed at enzymatic and molecular levels, at...

Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of energy yielding nutrients which is economically indispensable in commercial fish feed formulations. But, the ability of farmed fishes to use energy from digestible forms of carbohydrates contentiously differs based on their feeding habits, anatomical-physiological features and rearing conditions. Carnivo...

Background: The achievement of sustainable feeding practices in aquaculture by reducing the reliance on wild-captured fish, via replacement of fish-based feed with plant-based feed, is impeded by the poor growth response seen in fish fed high levels of plant ingredients. Our recent strategy to nutritionally program rainbow trout by early short-term...

A lean muscle line (L) and a fat muscle line (F) of rainbow trout were established (Quillet et al., 2005) by a two-way selection for muscle lipid content performed on pan-size rainbow trout using a non-destructive measurement of muscle lipid content (Distell Fish Fat Meter®). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of this sel...

Two forms of selenium (Se) supplementation of fish feeds were compared in two different basal diets. A 12-week feeding trial was performed with rainbow trout fry using either a plant-based or a fish meal-based diet. Se yeast and selenite were used for Se supplementation. Total Se and Se speciation were determined in both diets and whole body of tro...

This review describes the influences of the characteristics of animals and their rearing conditions on the quality of meat and flesh inthe main livestock species (pig, cattle, sheep, poultry, fish). Both the intrinsic (carcass composition and sensory, nutritionaland technological qualities) and extrinsic (interactions between animal production and...

Se is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth, development and antioxidant defence. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary Se sources and levels on the antioxidant status of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fry. First-feeding fry (initial body weight: 91 mg) were fed either a plant- or fishmeal-bas...

Terrestrial plant resources are increasingly used as substitutes for fish meal and fish oil in fish feed in order to reduce the reliance of aquaculture on marine fishery resources. Although many studies have been conducted to assess the effects of such nutritional transition, no whole breeding cycles of fish fed diets free from marine resources has...

Se is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth, development and antioxidant defence. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary Se sources and levels on the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. First-feeding fry (initial body weight: 91 mg) were fed either a plant-or fishmeal-based...

This review describes the influences of the characteristics of animals and their rearing conditions on the quality of meat and flesh in the main livestock species (pig, cattle, sheep, poultry, fish). Both the intrinsic (carcass composition and sensory, nutritional and technological qualities) and extrinsic (interactions between animal production an...

Background: The achievement of sustainable feeding practices in aquaculture by reducing the reliance on wild-captured fish, via replacement of fish-based feed with plant-based feed, is impeded by the poor growth response seen in fish fed high levels of plant ingredients. Our recent strategy to nutritionally program rainbow trout by early short-term...

The growth of world aquaculture and the indispensable preservation of marine resources have forced a change from marine resources towards plant products as ingredients for fish feed. The most recent data showed that despite the diets are formulated to meet all known requirements of fish, a high replacement level of marine resources by plant product...

In a context of an increasing demand for animal proteins, precision farming and animal breeding must be goal-oriented to improve production competitiveness and to reduce environmental impact. Animals have to be more efficient in transforming their diet (reducing their feed intake while maintaining production performance), accepting various feeds (p...

Two experimental rainbow trout lines developed through divergent selection for low (Lean 'L' line) or high (Fat 'F' line) muscle fat content were used as models to study the genetic determinism of fat depots. Previous nutritional studies suggested that the F line had a better capability to use glucose than the L line during feeding trials. Based on...

High levels of dietary lipids are incorporated in feeds for most teleost fish to promote growth and reduce nitrogen waste. However, in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) previous studies revealed that increasing the level of dietary lipids above 8% negatively affect growth and nutrient utilization regardless of dietary protein content. It has bee...

ATOL : Animal Trait Ontology for LivestockEOL : Environment Ontology for Livestock

Les zones littorales humides du sud de la France sont particulièrement favorables au développement de l’algoculture : grandes superficies mobilisables et activité historique de production de sel en recherche de reconversion, production de CO2 industriel à proximité (Fos-sur-Mer) et présence naturelle d’une microalgue hautement valorisable (Dunaliel...

As the understanding of the nutritional regulation of muscle growth mechanisms in fish is fragmentary, the present study aimed to (1) characterise ontogenetic changes in muscle growth-related genes in parallel to changes in muscle cellularity; (2) determine whether an early decrease in dietary protein:energy ratio by fat addition affects the muscle...

A growth trial was conducted to test the growth potential and nutrient utilization of Senegalese sole fed diets with increasing substitution of supplemental fish oil (FO) by vegetable oil (VO) blends. Triplicate groups of twenty Senegalese sole juveniles (12 g) were fed to satiation over a period of 12 weeks with 6 extruded diets containing 570 g p...

In a context of an increasing demand for animal proteins, precision farming and animal breeding must be goal-oriented to improve production competitiveness and to reduce environmental impact. Animals have to be more efficient in transforming their diet (reducing their feed intake while maintaining production performance), accepting various feeds (p...

Sustainable aquaculture, which entails proportional replacement of fish-based feed sources by plant-based ingredients, is impeded by the poor growth response frequently seen in fish fed high levels of plant ingredients. This study explores the potential to improve, by means of early nutritional exposure, the growth of fish fed plant-based feed. Rai...

The present study investigated the effect of dietary carbohydrates on metabolism, with special focus on fatty acid bioconversion and flesh lipid composition in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content and fed with vegetable oils. These lines were chosen based on previously demonstrated potential differences in LC-PUFA s...

The further development of sustainable aquaculture requires the replacement of fish-based feed sources by plant-based feed sources. Yet, fish fed high levels of plant ingredients often display a poor growth response. In this regard, we explored the possibility of tailoring fish to adapt to plant-based feeds by means of early nutritional imprinting...

Sustainable aquaculture, which entails proportional replacement of fish-based feed sources by plant-based ingredients, is impeded by the poor growth response frequently seen in fish fed high levels of plant ingredients. This study explores the potential to improve, by means of early nutritional exposure, the growth of fish fed plant-based feed. Rai...

European aquaculture is mainly focused on salmonids and marine fish belonging to high trophic levels, for which, the level of incorporation of dietary carbohydrates is generally limited to avoid growth retardation and nutritional pathologies. However, the necessary shift towards sustainable plant based feeds that are naturally rich in carbohydrates...

La production mondiale de poissons d’élevage augmente rapidement alors que les principaux ingrédients des aliments pour poissons (huiles et farines de poisson issues de la pêche) sont en quantité désormais insuffisante pour répondre à la demande. Cette situation, en Europe notamment, a conduit au remplacement progressif des produits marins par des...

L'aquaculture mondiale se développe (+ 8% par an) pour répondre à une demande croissante des consommateurs que les captures de pêche ne peuvent plus couvrir. Les besoins en aliments piscicoles et donc en matières premières s’accroissent, alors que les volumes de farines et huiles de poisson, ingrédients traditionnels des aliments aquacoles, ne peuv...

Dietary lipids are the major energy source for metabolic purposes in most fish species, and improve dietary protein utilization for growth. In a previous study we have reported a low tolerance of Senegalese sole juveniles to dietary lipid levels and suggested a maximal dietary inclusion level of 8% lipids for both optimal growth and nutrient utiliz...

Abstract Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been proposed as a possible model organism for nutritional physiology. However, this potential has not yet been realized and studies on the field remain scarce. In this work, we investigated in this species the effect of a single meal as well as that of an increase in the ratio of dietary carbohydrates/proteins...

GenBank staff is unable to verify sequence and/or annotation provided by the submitter. ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END##

World aquaculture is growing (+ 8% per year) to meet the increasing demand of fish for human consumption that capture by fisheries can no longer cover. Consequently, the need for aquafeed and feedstuffs is rising while volumes of fishmeal and fish oil, the traditional aquafeed ingredients, remain stable. More and more fishmeal and fish oil are subs...

World fish farm production is growing rapidly. However, the supply of fishmeal and fish oil, the major ingredients of fish diets, has reached a limit because of the limits in the exploitation of wild fish stocks that cannot be increased to meet a growing demand. The main response, especially in Europe, has been the progressive replacement of fishme...

The rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] is a carnivorous [piscivorous] species that shows many particularities with respect to nutrition. The rainbow trout is a poor user of dietary carbohydrates illustrated by a clear glucose intolerance phenotype after carbohydrate intake. Moreover, rainbow trout have a high requirement for protein (the major mac...

Session :Bases Biologiques de la Qualité et Génétique / Génomique

Aquaculture of carnivorous species has strongly relied on fish meal and fish oil for feed formulation and higher and higher replacement by terrestrial plant-based products is occurring now. This rapid change in dietary environment has been a major evolution and has to be taken into consideration in breeding programs. The present study analyzed pote...

Genetic adaptation to dietary environments is a key process in the evolution of natural populations and is of great interest in animal breeding. In fish farming, the use of fish meal and fish oil has been widely challenged, leading to the rapidly increasing use of plant-based products in feed. However, high substitution rates impair fish health and...

Fatty acid composition of the experimental diets. (DOCX)

Ls-means of body weight ( BW ), survival rate ( Su ) and biomass ( Biom ) after 145 days post-fertilization (dpf). (DOCX)

Mean and standard deviation of fatty acid composition (FA). (DOCX)

Previous experiments with Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) have demonstrated that dietary lipid levels above 8 % impaired growth and did not promote protein retention. We hypothesised that this low ability to use high-lipid diets may depend on the dietary protein level. In the present study, a 2 × 2 factorial design was applied where two dietar...

Previous studies in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle suggested that they differ in their ability to metabolise glucose. In this context, we investigated whether genetic selection for high muscle fat content led to a better capacity to metabolise dietary carbohydrates. Juvenile trout from the two lines were...

Résumé communication orale

Rainbow trout are carnivorous fish and poor metabolizers of carbohydrates, which established this species as a model organism to study the comparative physiology of insulin. Following the recent characterisation of key roles of several miRNAs in the insulin action on hepatic intermediary metabolism in mammalian models, we investigated the hypothesi...

In the last years, the increase of aquaculture production has led to the evolution of feed composition with an increasing substitution of fish meal and fish oil with terrestrial plant products. In the meantime, selective breeding of fish has been widely developed. The ability to grow on plant-based diets has recently been proven to be genetically v...

We examined the long-term effect of feeding coconut oil (CO; rich in lauric acid, C12) on voluntary food intake and nutrient utilisation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with particular attention to the metabolic use (storage or oxidation) of ingested medium-chain TAG. Trout were fed for 15 weeks one of the four isoproteic diets containing f...

The effects of partial (75%; diet PP75) and total (100%; diet PP100) replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources on the intestinal nutrient absorption of gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout were examined over a 12-week growth trial. The diets comprised a mixture of plant ingredients (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, extruded peas and rapeseed...

A growth trial was conducted to test three isonitrogenous diets (59% crude protein, dry matter basis) for Senegalese sole during the ongrowing stage. A control diet (S-15) based on a commercial diet for sole (15% crude fat, 23 kJ g−1 energy) was compared with a plant protein based diet (S-15PP) with similar energy content. This plant-based diet was...