Francois Schneider

• Recherche & Décroissance

Increasing evidence—synthesized in this paper—shows that economic growth contributes to biodiversity loss via greater resource consumption and higher emissions. Nonetheless, a review of international biodiversity and sustainability policies shows that the majority advocate economic growth. Since improvements in resource use efficiency have so far n...

Increasing evidence—synthesized in this paper—shows that economic growth contributes to biodiversity loss via greater resource consumption and higher emissions. Nonetheless, a review of international biodiversity and sustainability policies shows that the majority advocate economic growth. Since improvements in resource use efficiency have so far n...

Reducing Air Travel in a Just Way Flying is the fastest way to heat the planet. How can a reduction of aviation and its climate impact be achieved in a just way? The report, published in December 2019, fills an important gap: While it has been clear to the climate movement and civil society that “green growth” of aviation is and will be an illusion...

Volar es la forma más rápida de freír el planeta. ¿Cómo se puede lograr una reducción de la aviación y de su impacto medioambiental de una manera justa? El informe, publicado en enero de 2020, llena un vacío importante: si bien el movimiento climático y la sociedad civil tienen claro desde hace tiempo que el “crecimiento verde” de la aviación es y...

The degrowth movement is at an important milestone after ten years of international conferences, with the formation of many groups, research, publications and other degrowth initiatives. Although we celebrated the existence of the degrowth movement in our Demaria et al. (2013) article, this paper argues the need to go beyond a shared degrowth value...

The most significant policy dilemmas in improving housing affordability and environmental sustainability take three forms: distractions towards broad system change; searches for a silver bullet, which inevitably prove conflictual; and 'shooting in all directions' without any coherent approach. Instead, a cooperative, coordinated and trusted housing...

‘Degrowth’, a type of ‘postgrowth’, is becoming a strong political, practical and cultural movement for downscaling and transforming societies beyond capitalist growth and non-capitalist productivism to achieve global sustainability and satisfy everyone’s basic needs. This groundbreaking collection on housing for degrowth addresses key challenges o...

his Handbook assembles original contributions from influential authors such as Herman Daly, Paul Ekins, Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Jeroen van den Bergh, William E. Rees and Tim Jackson who have helped to define our understanding of growth and sustainability. The Handbook also presents new contributions on topics such as degrowth, the debt-based finan...

Degrowth is the literal translation of 'décroissance', a French word meaning reduction. Launched by activists in 2001 as a challenge to growth, it became a missile word that sparks a contentious debate on the diagnosis and prognosis of our society. 'Degrowth' became an interpretative frame for a new (and old) social movement where numerous streams...

This article reviews the burgeoning emerging literature on sustainable degrowth. This is defined as an equitable downscaling of production and consumption that increases human well-being and enhances ecological conditions at the local and global level, in the short and long term. The paradigmatic propositions of degrowth are that economic growth is...

When an environmental problem involves several agents, different environmental indicators can be chosen. In this paper we derive axiomatically an indicator of “environmental responsibility”, the quantitative contribution of each agent to the environmental problem. This indicator must possess properties that most agents are likely to accept. Apart f...

In der ambulanten Depressionsbehandlung scheint das vorhandene diagnostisch-therapeutische Potenzial vielfach noch nicht ausgeschpft zu werden. Die Folge sind eine variierende Behandlungsqualitt und teilweise unzureichende Kosteneffektivitt. Eine Mglichkeit zur Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualitt knnte in der Implementierung leitlinienorientierter...

Depression is one of the most frequently encountered mental health disorder in primary medical care. The health and financial burdens caused by this disorder emphasize the clinical importance of depressive disorders. Research shows that these conditions remain often unrecognized and untreated. The aim of this study is to analyse if and how primary...

Functional imaging of normal and dysfunctional emotional processes is an important tool for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of affective symptoms in schizophrenia patients. These symptoms are still poorly characterized with respect to their neural correlates.Comparisons of cerebral activation during emotional paradigms offered the pos...

Functional imaging of normal and dysfunctional emotional processes is an important tool for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of affective symptoms in schizophrenia patients. These symptoms are still poorly characterized with respect to their neural correlates. Comparisons of cerebral activation during emotional paradigms offered the po...

Background Several quality assurance initiatives in health care have been undertaken during the past years. The next step consists of systematically combining single initiatives in order to built up a strategic quality management. Methods In a German multicenter study, the quality of inpatient depression treatment was measured in ten psychiatric ho...

Background: Quality indicators are needed to assess and evaluate the quality of psychiatric care. Besides clinical relevance indicators must include the perspective of patients and physicians, cover different dimensions of treatment and refer to changeable aspects of care. The aim of the study was the development and implementation of quality indic...

Background: High frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an effective surgical treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD) improving all cardinal motor symptoms by affecting striato-thalamic pathways to motor cortices. The STN is also known to be interconnected with limbic and prefrontal associative areas. Clin...

We intended to analyze the influence of postoperative delirium on postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. 153 patients undergoing elective arterial surgery were studied prospectively. Patients were examined postoperatively by a psychiatrist daily from days 1 to 7. Delirium was diagnosed according to standardised criteria (Diagnostic an...

Fragestellung Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss postoperativer Delirien auf die postoperative Morbidität und die Liegedauer gefäßchirurgischer Patienten zu analysieren. Patienten und Methoden Die prospektive Studie umfasste 153 Patienten mit elektiven arteriellen Eingriffen (aortoiliakaler Eingriff, peripherer Bypass, Karotisrekonstruktion) P...

Atypical neuroleptics have improved drug treatment in schizophrenia. However, their use varies greatly between countries and continents. Recent metaanalyses have deemphasized the range and magnitude of their superiority compared to typical neuroleptics. Aims of the present study were to contribute effectiveness data to this discussion. In 725 inpat...

Depressive disorders are some of the most frequent complaints of consultation in primary care. Research in the treatment possibilities of depression has experienced reasonable progress in the past years, However, the major problem includes the correct diagnosis of depressive disorders in out-patient care as well as the tuning of their treatment to...

Funktionell bildgebende Verfahren haben in den letzten Jahren das Wissen um die neurobiologischen Grundlagen psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, so auch der Schizophrenie, umfassend erweitert. Schizophrene Patienten leiden unter zahlreichen kognitiven und emotionalen Störungen, die für die Erkrankung charakteristisch sind, deren spezifische Verursachungs...

In the last few years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the preferred technique for brain mapping because of its superior spatial and temporal resolution. Other factors that have contributed to the popularity of this imaging method are the increasing availability of scanners and the technological advances made in data acquisi...

In the last few years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the preferred technique for brain mapping because of its superior spatial and temporal resolution. Other factors that have contributed to the popularity of this imaging method are the increasing availability of scanners and the technological advances made in data acquisi...

In order to succeed in developing more sustainable water systems and reach the environmental goals set by the Water Framework Directive, analysis needs to incorporate use of water and set goals in this area too. Material Flow Analysis has developed an interesting framework enabling to develop a goal of dematerialisation and techniques of Substance...

In experimental settings, various tests have been used to demonstrate emotional impairments, which, applied during neuroimaging procedures, may be used to indicate cerebral dysfunctions of patients. Such dysfunctions have been demonstrated in the subcorticallimbic area of the amygdala in patients during the emotional experience of sadness. These dy...

Emotionen, ein lange vernachlässigtes Forschungsfeld, rücken immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt des Interesses verschiedener Forschungsgruppen und werden zunehmend zum Ziel systematischer Untersuchungen mit funktionellen Bildge- bungsmethoden. Inzwischen sind eine Reihe von Untersuchungen zum emotionalen Erleben durchgeführt worden und zeigen ein breit...

Postoperative Delirien nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen sind häufige Komplikationen, die eine Zunahme von Komplikationen, Liegezeiten und Kosten zur Folge haben. Unklar ist, welche Ursachen zur Entstehung von Delirien beitragen und welchen Stellenwert dabei das intraoperative Trauma ausmacht. Patienten und Methoden: Patienten, die sich einer Ope...

The risk of crimes being committed against children and adolescents is particularly high. These individuals should receive effective protection. Confronted with judicial proceedings, they are exposed to enormous amounts of stress. Often they are overwhelmed by feelings of fear and insecurity. Secondary victimization is likely to follow as a result...

Real-time fMRI is a rapidly emerging methodology that enables monitoring changes in brain activity during an ongoing experiment. In this article we demonstrate the feasibility of performing single-event sensory, motor, and higher cognitive tasks in real-time on a clinical whole-body scanner. This approach requires sensitivity optimized fMRI methods...

It has been convincingly demonstrated that in dementia psycho-educative training of caregivers positively impacts on motivation for care and satisfaction of the caregivers. It has, however, been neglected to examine the effect of psycho-educative training on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia sufferers. In a three-month, expert-...

Due to legal regulations, external quality assurance is mandatory in Germany. Supported by the German Health Ministry (BMG), we present the results of a multicenter study in four hospitals with different structures on 1042 inpatients with the tracer diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD 10). We defined disease-specific indicators of structure, process, a...

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors...

Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its develo...

One hundred and fifty five patients were examined by a surgeon and a psychiatrist before, and at least 7 days after surgery. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Society criteria (DSM IV). Sixty one patients (39.4%) developed postoperative delirium. Patients undergoing aortic surgery (48.2%), and those with dis...

In Germany, measures for assuring the quality of inpatient treatment are regulated by legislation. Treatment quality must be presented in comparison with other hospitals. Tracer diagnosis is an established method for external quality assurance in the sphere of somatic medicine. To evaluate this method of external quality assurance in psychiatry, th...

Several studies have reported impaired emotion processing in schizophrenic patients. However, the corresponding functional cerebral correlates of such impairment have not been fully understood, leaving the neurobiological basis of their affective symptoms unknown. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was utilized to examine brain activity i...

Human experimental research with hallucinogenic drugs is potentially able to identify linking variables between the psycho(patho)logical conditions and neurobiological alterations involved in both pharmacologically induced and naturally occurring acute psychotic states. A number of methodological aspects should be considered when planning modern ex...

Affekte haben eine zentrale Bedeutung im menschlichen Leben. Besonders deutlich wird dies bei den meisten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Die Grenze von normalem zu pathologischem Affektverhalten ist dabei schnell überschritten. Dies kann auf die Krankheitsursache selbst zurückzuführen sein oder aber eine begleitende Reaktion darstellen. Pathologisch...

Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during experimentally modified psychological activation can be measured using radioactive ligands with positron emission tomography (PET) and using magnetic resonance principles with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With PET it is possible to determine not only rCBF, but also metabolic cha...

Zusammenfassung Veränderungen des regionalen zerebralen Blutflusses (rCBF) bei experimentell kontrollierten psychologischen Aktivierungen können durch die Verwendung von radioaktiv markierten Stoffwechselsubstraten mit der Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) sowie nichtinvasiv mit der funktionellen Kernspintomographie (fKST) gemessen werden. Die...

The study addressed the question of whether unsolvable as opposed to solvable cognitive problems activate discrete neuronal systems in the human brain. Twelve healthy humans tried to solve unsolvable anagrams. Solvable anagrams and a resting baseline after each anagram task served as control conditions in a within-subject design. Activation was mea...

Changes in regional cerebral blood oxygenation during experimentally modified psychological activation can be measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI is a new imaging technique for perfusion-based signal intensities of the brain without the necessity of radioactivity and with superior anatomical and temporal resolution comp...

The concept of eco-efficiency is here presented as a valuable contribution to a sustainable regional development in the European Union. Eco-efficiency and dematerialization strategies are more and more established at the business level where practical and easily understandable methods and management tools have been developed and applied in the past...

Article paru dans l'Ecologiste, Edition française de The Ecologist n°11 Octobre 2003, Vol 4, n°3, p45 Comment se fait-il que la planète soit dans un état pareil malgré toutes les avancées scientifiques, malgré toutes les technologies « propres » ? L'effet rebond suscite aujourd'hui de plus en plus de débats au sein des sciences environnementales et...

Extractors are defined as all human tools enabling extraction of materials (including air and water) from their natural state. These include excavators, explosives, dredgers, tractors and tillage tools, pumps and dams, forestry engines, oil and gas wells, fishing nets & firearms, leisure vehicles... Over human history extractors have been associate...

In parallel to the concept of dematerialisation, the concept of dewaterisation is introduced here. The concept deals with reducing the fundamental sources of water shortages and pollution: reducing water abstraction linked to a region and preventing the introduction of water pollutants within economies. Appropriate indicators taking into account of...