Franciszek Longchamps de BerierJagiellonian University | UJ · Roman Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration
Franciszek Longchamps de Berier
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Publications (78)
The Fathers of the Church are ancient Christian writers whose personal integrity and orthodoxy of teaching were confirmed by their acceptance by the Church. There are at least four spheres in which the law was present in the Church Fathers’ life and work. The first is their natural legal environment, that is the legal orders governing their daily a...
Skodyfikowana w 1523 r. polska procedura cywilna okazała się zwięzła – na Formula processus złożyło się 111 artykułów, zredagowanych w języku łacińskim na wzór rzymskich kodyfikacji. Średniowieczne prawo procesowe kształtowane było w Europie przez zasady, instytucje i paradygmaty, które wywodziły się z rzymskiego procesu kognicyjnego oraz z prawa k...
The ‘Country Report Poland’ is one of the chapters of the ‘International Law of Succession’. The entire book is highly acclaimed work, with numerous practical and formulation tips, which shows the safe way through international inheritance law. It deals with the ‘cornerstones’ at a high level of European Succession Regulation (EuErbVO), Internation...
The comparative argument helps distinguish existing differences in legal orders, while the historical argument helps analyze how these differences developed in time. Both arguments are connected and, supported by the legal experience of other legal orders, they assist interpretation de lege lata and formulation of conclusions de lege ferenda. All t...
Roman and civil law is not only a matter of its more than 1,000 years of history in ancient Rome; it also includes the 1,500 years of later European legal tradition, so that up to four lives of Roman law can be demonstrated so far. The development of Roman private law during the first 1,000 years, as well as throughout the rest of legal history, is...
Reading the court decisions included in this book should allow us to confront the opinions and points of view presented in the high legal culture of a large and stable democratic state, but also with the official behavior of outstanding and carefully selected judges, and with the way they carry out their public mission. Their voice is expected to r...
„Mikołaj Kopernik był znawcą rzymskiego prawa cywilnego” – pisał w 2001 r. Wiesław Mossakowski. Bardzo chciał w to wierzyć. Odkrycia i ustalenia ostatniej dekady rzuciły nowe światło na poszukiwania w zakresie działalności Kopernika jako prawnika. Był on bowiem typowym in-house counsel – prawnikiem praktykiem w służbie kapituły katedralnej, do któr...
By merging three different historical examples, this article shows that legal mentality influences the management of similar public goods, the composition of institutional change in the urban sphere and finally the character of legal regulations best fitted in a given circumstances for arriving at desired outcome. The authors proved that the inclin...
ABSTRACT: In the pandemic era, laziness might be in reality one of the greatest challenges for the societies of the world. If it has been observed that sloth is indeed in our present times already so widespread, there is no reason to complacently accept the theory that laziness will not be a challenge in the subsequent post-pandemic era. The answer...
Rozdział I. Najsławniejszy prawnik praktyk w dziejach świata
§ 1. Prawnik a prawotwórca
§ 2. Wykształcenie nie tylko prawnicze
§ 3. Jedyny dyplom w życiu
§ 4. Problemy ze zdefiniowaniem prawnika
§ 5. Prawnik jako sprawny i godny zaufania administrator
§ 6. Typowe zainteresowania prawnika
§ 7. Prawnika sposób czytania książek
§ 8. Prawnicza formacja...
Hermogenianus’ precept that hominum causa omne ius constitutum sit was one of the basic principles underlying all of Roman law. Gaius’ summa divisio personarum did not make much sense to the Diocletian’s jurist, who had enormous experience as a practicing lawyer, legislator and statesman. In fragment D. 1,5,2, people are the raison d’être and goal...
Sloppy education results in misdirected graduates. We need to see legal education as a matter of shaping in adepts something that can be called caliber of intellect. It is referring to the university formation of a way of thinking and of perceiving the world that distinguishes legal studies from any other intellectual or scientific preparation. The...
This chapter explores the life and work of Nicolaus Copernicus as a jurist. Although the only diploma Nicolaus Copernicus obtained in his life was in law, it is true that he had no academic interest in the subject and never wrote about it theoretically. On those occasions when he felt the need to present himself with the solemnity and importance of...
This volume is the first comprehensive study of the Polish history of law and Christianity written in English for a global audience. It examines the lives of twenty-one central figures in Polish law with a focus on how their Christian faith was a factor in molding the evolution of law in their country and the region. The individuals selected for st...
For what was obvious yesterday is not necessarily obvious today, i.e., to the present generation of young citizens. In the past, freedom of religion for all has always been an important element of constitutional guarantees, but one wonders whether religious freedom would be defended by the present younger generation. In particular, would the young...
Lawyers are specially trained in providing legal services. They are necessarily aware that the regulations that the law has recourse to are in fact only tools, and that the law is actually designed to promote certain values and it is these values which find their expression in the law. It was pointedly noted in 1991 that, “as history demonstrates,...
The Spanish legal tradition and the Latin American tradition, which also belongs to the Romanesque subtradition, reveal three important aspects of contemporary private law developments. The first concerns the legislator's reaction to the process of the civil code losing the role of the central act and the code's inability to fulfil the modern ideal...
Prawo i nauki prawne przekonują, że nie należy się wstydzić dogmatu. Zachęcają one do rozwijania teologii dogmatycznej jako sztuki interpretacji. A skoro prawo w istocie polega na interpretacji, warto chyba, żeby teologowie dogmatyczni znali prawnicze metody. Na czym miałoby to polegać? Po pierwsze, trzeba być świadomym podstawowych metod prawnicze...
The book deals with two very important but imprecise terms in contemporary law, namely public policy and public morality. It is commendable that such a comprehensive work about general clauses has been prepared. They are the elements of the common good which refers directly to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The aim of thes...
„Freedom of Speech: A Comparative Law Perspective offers a wide-ranging review of free speech law in Europe, the U.S., Canada and Australia, with a special focus on hate speech and on artistic and scientific speech. It provides a great deal of information on these topics, in a single volume, which presents a considerable value to anyone who wants t...
Artykuł zawiera pytania i próbuje znajdować odpowiedzi. Co jednak po prawniku zostaje wiele lat po śmierci? Co przetrwa z trudu i pracy prawnika? Kogo wolno uważać za wielkiego prawnika i jakie mogą być kryteria oceny? A pytanie o rzeczywistą spuściznę po uczonym prawniku dotyka kwestii ogólniejszej i bardziej uniwersalnej, interesującej cały świat...
The Jeffersonian metaphor of wall cited by Mr. Justice Black often pleases those who support the separation between church and state. The consciousness that the wall cannot in practice be kept “high and impregnable”, can be seen not only in the United States. Religion occupies a unique place in human life, and thus the legal regulation of this sphe...
Measuring the Openness of Lawyers’ Minds by Roman Law? Panorama of a Far European Intellectual Province What is the purpose of a study to present comprehensively the condition and social impact of civil law lawyers in 18th century England? The study provides a broad panorama of a far European province, particularly in relation to its legal and inte...
The paper focuses on the right of citizens who are believers and nonbelievers to the Cross’s presence on public land or in prominent public buildings. Arguments used in the 2019 case of the United States Supreme Court American Legionv. American Humanist Associationare supported by outcomes of legal analyses presented during the 2011 controversy con...
„Publikacja wydaje się niepokojąca. Skłania do stawiania wielu poważnych pytań – także wobec stosunkowo nowego zjawiska represjonowania za wyrażanie tradycyjnych od dawna poglądów, które przestały być akceptowane przez polityczne czy intelektualne elity. Przedstawia zatem kontekst, który pozwala zauważyć, że niełatwo udzielić odpowiedzi na te pytan...
Remarks on academic achievements of a law professor made half a century after his death inevitably lead to put a few questions about the legal world. What remains of the lawyer’s work? What could be considered valuable in law professors’ writings by generations that come after them? Who can be considered a great lawyer? What are the criteria to ass...
The paper discusses varying jurisdictions and evolving structures of the law of succession in Poland within last 100 years. It proves that basic notions of the law of succession remain unshaken, because the stability of the private law has been guaranteed in Poland after 1918 by the acceptance of Roman legal tradition. The paper pretends to present...
The paper presents an evolution of the law of succession in Poland since 1918. Five specific areas of regulation are examined: entitlement to succession, acquisition of the inheritance, intestate succession, legitim and reserved portion, and liability for inheritance debts. The constancy of succession regulations was not obvious as there were five...
Jurisprudential Framework of the Roman Law of Succession and Limitations of the Liability for the Debts of the Deceased. In 2015, an amendment to the Polish Civil Code made the benefit of inventory the rule for acquiring an inheritance. The general limitation of liability for the debts of the deceased appears obvious to the present generation of Po...
Decodification means shifting the gravity of legal regulations into the extra-code zone. It involves an inevitable destruction of the cohesion and clarity of the systems that have emerged within the realms of the existing codes, which also accounts for the pursuit of a polycentric legal order. Changes of the form of “the book” from a codex to elect...
Spotkanie Romanistów pt. La Cattedra „strumento sacro". W 100 ROCZNICĘ URODZIN GIORGIO LA PIRA na Uniwersytecie „La Sapienza” w Rzymie w dniach 11-13 listopada 2004 roku
Remarks on the Methodology of Private Law Studies: The Use of Dogmatic, Comparative and Historical Arguments in Legal Analyses as Exemplified by Deathbed Gifts and per vindicationem Legacies. In this paper, a comparative argument is used to identify existing differences in legal orders, while a historical argument analyzes how these differences dev...
Remarks on the Ownership (Aside-note to the Studies on the Abuse of Rights in Roman Private Law)SummaryIn the inter war period in the jurisdiction of the Polish Supreme Court based on BGB one could observe a relatively free approach to § 226 BGB. The judges most probably noticed the deficiencies of this provision. The analysis made in this paper sh...
POSSESSION AND PROPERTY ON THE REMARKS OF ST. THOMAS AQUINASSummary There are at least two of St. Thomas Aquinas’s questions which are of interest to a lawyer: whether possession is natural to a human being, and whether the keeping of goods as one’s property is allowable. He gives two positive answers which in general follow Aristotelian arguments....
The paper reviews the cohesion of argumentation of the majority in Obergefell v. Hodges and the accepting critique from outside the bench. It tends to address democracy and federal issues in deciding by the Supreme Court in a matter of public legislative debate all over the states, as under common law jurisdictions ‘ judges have power to say what t...
Decodification means shifting the gravity of legal regulations into the extra-code zone. It involves an inevitable destruction of the cohesion and clarity of the systems that have emerged within the realms of the existing codes, which also accounts for the pursuit of a polycentric legal order. Changes of the form of “the book” from a codex to elect...
Wiadomo, że wolności wypowiedzi wiele obiecuje, ale znacznie mniej gwarantuje. Orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego USA z 2015 roku dowodzi realności i konkretności obietnic: Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc. (2015), Reed v. Town of Gilbert (2015) oraz Elonis v. United States (2015). Wskazuje drogi myślenia, pomagające gwarantować t...
Law vs. Morality and Politics Illustrated by the Example of Bioethical Issues
Law is not autonomous in respect to morality or politics. It is evident when considering the experience of last seven years of bioethical debates in Poland, and legal discussions concerning regulating IVF in particular. The debates prove almost all the weaknesses of legal...
Lawyers use words with great care and, particularly in public discourse, often like to use Latin dicta. They do so not only to make their arguments sound more sophisticated, but also to support their theses not merely with elegantly worded, classical maxims, but also with well tested, established concepts based on the experience of people who lived...
The common good is the reason why political authority exists, the reason why the state exists. This is clearly visible today, and it was also clearly visible to the Romans. The praetor’s work represented par excellance the actualization of the common good under specific conditions and for particular persons. The praetor was endowed with powers whic...
As in ancient times, the abuse of rights is a noticeable social problem ven in contemporary times, as a result of which a response from the legal order is expected. Roman experience tends to show the external theory route. Inevitably, internal theory is only possible in the legal system. However, in the age of decodification, it is not – at least i...
Political Division along Religious Lines? Two Recent Decisions of the US Supreme Court.
In two recent decisions the Supreme Court of the United States interpreted two religious clauses of the First Amendment. The legitimacy of legislative prayer was not questioned, because of the decision in, Marsh v. Chambers, but Town of Greece, N.Y. v. Galloway...
Remarks on the Methodology of Private Law Studies: The Use of Latin Maxims as Exemplified by nemo plus iuris. The use of principles in the legal practice, which are quite often expressed in Latin, is associated with various intentions. What is important is that they should be used, both in research and in the professional practice, in full awarenes...
The Law and Finance analytical approach, also known as the Legal Origins Theory, blames Roman law for creating worse conditions for economic growth than common law systems. Civil law is described, contrary to common law, as a legal system in which the country’s corporate law or commercial code originates in Roman law. To understand the differences...
The Law and Finance analytical approach, also known as the Legal Origins Theory, blames Roman law for creating worse conditions for economic growth than common law systems. Civil law is described, contrary to common law, as a legal system in which the country’s corporate law or commercial code originates in Roman law. To understand the differences...
The common good is the reason why political authority exists, the reason why the state exists. This is clearly visible today, and it was also clearly visible to the Romans. The praetor’s work represented par excellance the actualization of the common good under specific conditions and for particular persons. The praetor was endowed with powers whic...
The Abuse of Rights in Roman Private Law – Summary
This study examines the abuse of rights from the Roman law perspective but is this a valid objective given that the issue of the abuse of rights only came to the fore in the 19th century. Despite the prevalence of questions, concepts and theories on the subject over the last two hundred years of p...
The teaching of the Church warning against the structures of sin, with particular emphasis on the structural sin, raises the question of whether the moral responsibility on the side of the participants of the structure and accomplices in sin is reduced. The author ponders upon the problem taking the perspective of law and its structures. After all,...
The interaction of the heritage of the Greek and Roman empires and Judaeo-Christian tradition should be kept in mind when we discuss legal tradition. This article gives an example when discussing what Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz called subiectum iuris (the subject of rights), namely the bearer of rights. The terms used to define a bearer of rights va...
1. Trzy miasta. 2. Komar i wielbłąd. 3. Bliźni czy brat? 4. Znów o nasciturusie. 5. Standardy subiektywny i obiektywny. 6. Niewolnicy w Rzymie. 7. Kto więc jest bliźnim?
Na pytanie o podmiot prawa nie wystarczy odpowiedzieć: „człowiek”. Trzeba nieustannie badać, kogo społeczeństwo, a więc jego porządek prawny, uważa za człowieka. Gdy analizujemy pr...
Having a law faculty, as opposed to just a professional law school, means, above all, that Roman law has to be included as a mandatory subject in the academic curriculum. We certainly need allies in the continual battle over the need to train legal artists and not craftsmen. Legal historians have traditionally been considered our allies when it com...
Adopting a comparative law perspective in deliberations on Roman law gives rise to a fundamental problem: the fact that the subject matter is inexhaustible. The Roman law of succession is the most extensive branch of Roman law and if one also includes in these considerations references to the regulations adopted in other laws of succession – across...
Oddawany do rąk czytelnika tom, na który składa się osiem artykułów adeptów prawa, pokazuje, że gdzie by nie spojrzeć, napotykamy inspiracje prawem rzymskim: od poszukiwań dotyczących bona fides, error, consensus czy favor testamenti, aż po rozważania wokół zasad takich jak – nierzymska co prawda w swym sformułowaniu – clara non sunt interpretanda....
Jeśli prawo rzymskie to historia o prawie i nieustanne pytania o zrozumienie jego wartości i zasad, prawideł i regularności działania w ludzkich społecznościach, naturalnymi partnerami są teoretycy, choć najpierw trzeba się przebić przez hermetyczność ich języka. Łączy nie tylko fakt, że i oni poważnie się zastanawiają nad miejscem materii swego za...
Chrześcijańskie dziedzictwo Narodu: nigdy nie należy, a w gruncie rzeczy w praktyce się nie da – jeśli myśli się o powszechności – zatrzymać tylko na wymiarze horyzontalnym. Zawiera zachętę do starań – w pokorze. Gdy więc myślimy o preambule do naszej konstytucji, widzimy ogólnoludzkie wartości raczej w horyzontalnym wymiarze. Chrześcijańskie dzied...
Małżeństwo w Rzymie zawsze było związkiem heteroseksualnym, a więc przymierzem jednego mężczyzny z jednej kobiety. Wobec całej egzotyki rzymskich rozwiązań widać, że nie ma uzasadnienia, aby używać słowa „małżeństwo” na określenie w prawie innego związku niż trwały monogamiczny związek kobiety i mężczyzny. Prócz samej tradycji, uzasadnieniem tego j...
Pytanie o instytucje rzymskiego prawa administracyjnego rysuje się podobnie do pytań o systematyczne przedstawienie ustroju Wiecznego Miasta. Bardziej jednak niż samą administracją w Rzymie i rolą prawa w tej sferze, trzeba na razie zająć się przedpolem i przyjrzeć problemom na nim występującym.
W badaniach historycznych należy się wystrzegać anach...
Prawo ma swe konieczne minimum aksjologiczne. Czy jest więc sens mówić o autonomii prawa? Gdy dają się wskazać dość wczesne przejawy świadomości, że porządek prawny nie jest tożsamy z moralnym, po co w ogóle sugerować autonomię prawa? Związek prawa z systemem wartości, który w większym lub mniejszym stopniu odzwierciedla, wydaje się bezdyskusyjny....
W naukowej dyskusji czasem trudno o umiarkowanie. W refleksji nad stosunkiem państwa do Kościoła postuluje się już to laickość, już to neutralność; mówi się o bezwyznaniowości czy nie-wyznaniowości. Jaki sens nadają tym terminom badacze? Czy można nie dostrzegać, że posługują się nimi również politycy? Co więc powinno nie za nimi kryć, jeśli nie ma...
Wbrew marzeniom niektórych teoretyków, w praktyce prawnej nie daje się abstrahować od moralności. Najlepiej świadczą o tym faktyczne problemy z podporządkowaniem się prawu. Wskazują one na zakłócenia w relacjach między obowiązującym prawem a korzystaniem przez człowieka z wolności w celach, które rozpoznaje rozumem i chce urzeczywistniać wolą. W ko...
The structure of the universal fideicommissum gave rise to certain difficulties – the intention of the testator was to make the fideicommissary the universal successor. While corpora hereditaria could be easily handed over, transferring rights and duties posed a serious problem. This was due to a lack of appropriate norms and a proper form. Origina...
W perspektywie rozwiązań zaproponowanych przez dyrektywę 1999/44/EC i przyjętych przez polską ustawę o szczególnych warunkach sprzedaży konsumenckiej, warto przyjrzeć się rękojmi za wady. W swej konstrukcji wydaje się istotnie różnić od postanowień, zawartych we wspomnianych aktach. Te nowe regulacje przewidują powstanie po stronie sprzedawcy obowi...
Summum ius summa iniuria. Some Remarks on the Ideological Premises in the Interpretation of Ancient Written SourcesSummaryThe saying summum ius summa iniuria has often been repeated after Cicero (Cic., Off. 1,33) until the present times. More than one hundred years before him , in one of his comedies, Terence mentioned that ius summum saepe summast...
Nadużycie prawa musi budzić sprzeciw. Samo sformułowanie negatywnie ocenia korzystanie z uprawnień nie korespondujące z funkcjami lub celami, dla jakich je przyznano. Natomiast problemem prawnym wciąż pozostaje określenie, kiedy doszło do nadużycia prawa oraz ustalenie dróg reakcji na nie. Borykają się z nim bowiem nieustannie zarówno porządki praw...
Ius vigilantibus scriptum est / Nec stultis solere succurri / Ignorantia iuris. Roman jurist Papinian paraphrased his master’s saying and incorporated it into the imperial rescript. The maxims: Scaevola’s "vigilantibus iura scripta sunt" and Papinian’s "nec stultis solere succurri" are parallel, embodying the same principle. "Nec stultis solere suc...
Wprowadzenie do wiernie przedrukowanego drugiego wydania książki "Zobowiązania". Po sześćdziesięciu latach od ostatniego przedwojennego wydania zarysowano także rodzinnie sylwetkę autora, którego książka wciąż jest czytana i powoływana.
No formality was required to create afideicommissum hereditatis. Its essence was an order of the deceased that heirs should restore the inheritance or its fraction to a certain person. The order could be written in the last will or in codicilla. In classical Roman law, the fideicommissum was expressed in typical words: peto, rogo, volo, fidei commi...
The structure of the universal fideicommissum gave rise to certain difficulties – the intention of the testator was to make the fideicommissary the universal successor. While corpora hereditaria could be easily handed over, transferring rights and duties posed a serious problem. This was due to a lack of appropriate norms and a proper form. Origina...
An envoy (legatus, orator) was a person sent to a community or to a ruler by his community or his state. It was not only an individual who undertook the mission to foreign territories or came from them to Rome, but the delegate to or from provincial assemblies, municipium or civitas as well. The complete inviolability of envoys seems to be warrante...
A certain amount of pollution invariably accompanies industrialization and no claim is made of an international right to a completely pollution free environment. However, the principles of responsibility for actions adversely affecting the natural environment of other nations, offer sufficient guidance to impose limits on national emissions and def...
Mandatum incertum occurs when the terms of this consensual contract are left imprecise by the mandator. The article focuses on the essential determination of the object for the validity of the mandate, therefore the main question is whether mandatum incertum was not unknown to the classical jurists, as there is no doubt it was not void in the Byzan...