Francisco X Valdez- PhD
- Researcher at Institute of Research for Development
Francisco X Valdez
- PhD
- Researcher at Institute of Research for Development
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January 2006 - March 2016
Publications
Publications (78)
Humans have a long history of transporting and trading plants, contributing to the evolution of domesticated plants. Theobroma cacao originated in the Neotropics from South America. However, little is known about its domestication and use in these regions. In this study, ceramic residues from a large sample of pre-Columbian cultures from South and...
The archaeological site of Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), located in the Ecuadorian upper Amazon, is in the region of Theobroma spp. greatest genetic diversity, thus making it ideal to investigate the origins of domestication of this enigmatic tree. We present research showing that the residents of SALF were involved in the domestication of cacao, tr...
Comment, depuis plusieurs décennies, la recherche scientifique contribue-t-elle au développement des pays du Sud ? À travers plus de 100 succès emblématiques de la recherche en partenariat, cet ouvrage nous plonge au coeur des grandes questions de développement : oeuvrer pour des sociétés plus justes, lutter contre les maladies, faire face aux risq...
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important economic crop, yet studies of its domestication history and early uses are limited. Traditionally, cacao is thought to have been first domesticated in Mesoamerica. However, genomic research shows that T. cacao’s greatest diversity is in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America, pointing to this r...
Geoheritage is a notion that has not been discussed in Latin America, not because it is absent, but on account of a lack of a conceptual framework that places all of its related parts under a single unit. Geoheritage is usually associated with geology and the geomorphology, but it also encloses the role that the human population has in adapting and...
The Mayo Chinchipe ceramic assemblage found in the upper Amazon of Ecuador and Peru is one of the first pottery manifestations of the Formative period in this part of America (5300/2300 BP). Its stylistic, technological and symbolic characteristics reflect a heterarchic society with a high degree of cohesion, which expanded over a vast territory th...
The Mayo Chinchipe ceramic assemblage found in the upper Amazon of Ecuador and Peru is one of the first pottery manifestations of the Formative period in this part of America (5300/2300 BP). Its stylistic, technological and symbolic characteristics reflect a heterarchic society with a high degree of cohesion, which expanded over a vast territory th...
Investigaciones arqueológicas recientes en la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador) han puesto en evidencia la presencia de una cultura prehispánica desconocida. La cultura se extiende a lo largo de la cuenca hidrográfica Mayo Chinchipe-Marañón por lo que se la ha llamado con ese mismo apelativo. Los trabajos efectuados en el sitio Santa Ana-La F...
Recent archaeological research carried out in Zamora Chinchipe (Ecuador) have shown the presence of a previously unknown prehispanic culture, that was present throughout the Mayo Chinchipe-Marañón hydraulic basin; thus it was designated with the same name. Archaeologial work in the Santa Ana-La Florida site (Palanda) has given a precise chronologic...
El Periodo Formativo en el Ecuador ha sido tradicionalmente estudiado desde la óptica de la costa - desde donde el modo de vida sedentario y agrícola se extendió hacia las tierras altas. Nuevas investigaciones efectuadas en el sitio Santa Ana-La Florida (SALF), ubicado en la vertiente oriental de los Andes ha permitido la recuperación de grainulos...
Se hace una síntesis de los distintos medios y paisajes que caracterizan a esta región intermediaria entre las altas tierras andinas y las tierras bajas de la cuenca amazónica. Se hace una recapitulación de lo que se ha tomado, hasta la presente fecha, como las primeras evidencias arqueológicas de la antigua historia de los pueblos selváticos. Esta...
El coloquio fue una respuesta a una necesidad sentida en los últimos diez años sobre el estado de las investigaciones arqueológicas efectuadas en la parte occidental de la Amazonía de los países andinos.El problema de la falta de intercambio de información básica sobre las pesquisas y los nuevos datos que se generan en la ceja de montaña ha impedid...
Tradicionalmente se ha sostenido que el punto de origen del la domesticacíon del cacao se encontraba en Mesoamérica (entre Mexíco, Guatemala y Honduras) donde su uso está atestiguado de 2000 años antes de Christo. No obstante, estudios recientes demuestran que por lo menos una variedad de Theobroma cacao tiene su punto de origen en la Alta Amazonía...
Partial self-reversed thermoremanent magnetizations (SRTRMs) were observed in samples of baked soils, hearths and ceramics from the Rumipamba archeological site near Quito (Ecuador) and ceramics from sites near the town of Esmeraldas (Ecuador). The SRTRMs were recognized at room temperature on few samples but cooling the samples in liquid nitrogen...
The La Tolita site appeared on the Pacific coast of northern Ecuador around 3000 BP, and its culture quickly spread throughout the interior alluvial plain of mangrove and thick rainforest vegetation up to an elevation of 2000m along the Andean slopes. New geomorphic evidence shows that the flowering of the La Tolita culture could have followed a na...
Very few archeomagnetic results are available for the southern hemisphere and more data are needed to better constrain the global geomagnetic field models over the past few millenias. We will present new paleomagnetic results from volcanic rocks of the Tungurahua volcano and results from 5 units from the Rumipampa archeological site in Quito. Few l...
A new archaeological culture, named Mayo Chinchipe, has recently been discovered on the headwaters of the Ecuadorian western Amazon. Santa Ana-La Florida, a ceremonial center with important architectural remains, was occupied by the third millennium BC. Evidence of specialized crafts, such as pottery and outstanding lapidary art, bears testimony of...
Specialized prehispanic agricultural systems have been found in a swampy region, known as Laguna de la Ciudad in the northern coast of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. This study focuses on the evolution of agricultural techniques and settlement patterns throughout the pre-Columbian occupation of this area (some 3000 years). Emphasis is placed on the links bet...
The discussion of inter-zonal relationships must necessarily begin by stating what is to be understood by the concept of relationship in a culture history archaeological sense. In simple terms I will refer to relationship as the interaction—direct or indirect—between two or more individuals (groups or communities) living in close proximity or far a...
Nueva evidencia del Formativo Temprano, descubierta en la provincia amazónica de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. Las fechas radiocarbónicas obtenidas en varios contextos arqueológicos del sitio Santa Ana-La Florida ubican su ocupación entre el 4960 y 3685 antes del presente (AP), o 3000 a 2000 antes de Cristo (a.C.). De hecho, ésta es la manifestación c...
The San Lorenzo area belongs to the Esmeraldas–Tumaco seismic zone where some of the strongest earthquakes of South America occurred during the 20th century. This paper provides evidence for a succession of geomorphic changes characterized by the disruption of the Quaternary drainage network and the reshaping of the Cayapas–Santiago estuary. The ri...
A regional study of the settlement patterns in the Sayula Basin
(Jalisco) has recently found Late Formative sites with related Shaft Tomb
Period funerary evidence. This article presents the habitation and
mortuary deposits of two sites, and it discusses the possible subsistence
patterns that combined agriculture with the seasonal exploitation o...
Discovery of a ceremonial Formative site on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Archaeological explorations on the Santa Ana–La Florida site (Ecuador) have exposed underground architectural structures dating to the 3rd millennium BC. The site seems to have been a small ceremonial center with funerary structures. The complexity of the cultural remains,...
The identification of paleo events of sismo tectonic activity along active margins is difficult under wet tropical climate, for the bad preservation of tectonic morphology such as active fault scarps, and the rough conditions to get to the places where some observation can be made. Considering that these areas generally characterized by a dense dra...
The origin of a famous controversial icon of precolumbian art from Ecuador has given rise to a hearty discussion between specialists in the Northwest of South America. The discussion was focused on the origin and the iconography of a gold figurehead (anthropomorphic sun). The data provided by the first dealer locate the object in the South of the e...
El origen discutido de un ícono famoso del arte precolombino del Ecuador ha desatado una calurosa polémica entre especialistas del Noroeste de Sur América. La discusión ha girado en torno a la procedencia y a la iconografía de un mascarón de oro (sol antropomorfo). Los datos proporcionados por el vendedor original ubican al objeto en los Andes ecua...
The coastline of the Santa Elena Peninsula to the west Capaes is relatively stable, with only local retreat in the Bay of Santa Rosa, El Cautivo and Ballenita. The rocky coast of La Puntilla is very stable, due to the presence of a coastal platform at an elevation of 2.5m osl, formed during the previous interglacial stage 5a, or due to the duplicat...
La obra presenta el contexto natural y cultural de la alta Amazonía detallando la primera historia de los habitantes de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Chinchipe (un importante afluente del río Marañón). Las evidencias encontradas en el sitio Santa Ana-La Florida han sido la base para identificar la cultura arqueológica mayo Chinchipe - Marañón. Las...
Recent research in the Sayula Basin of central Jalisco is gradually presenting a fuller view of the lifeways that characterized the people who lived on this thoroughfare, traditionally known for its vast salt flats. Salvage excavations undertaken at two major sites have supplied a number of new elements that are confirming and expanding previous kn...
Los aplausos quizás nos van a ayudar para marcar dos etapas en la presentación de los trabajos en la Cuenca de Sayula. Básicamente, yo voy a hablar, de una manera hipotética, de las transformaciones sociales que se han dado; transformaciones que se pueden comprobar a través del uso del espacio y a través del estudio de los materiales que se encontr...
