
Francisco SolerUniversity of Extremadura | UNEX · Department of Animal Health
Francisco Soler
PhD, DVM
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193
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Introduction
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October 1987 - present
Publications
Publications (193)
La violencia sexual hacia los animales supone un problema que debe abordarse con determinación y profesionalidad, ya que representa un riesgo no solo para los animales sino también para el conjunto de la sociedad, por lo que es necesario tener medidas legales para su prevención y castigo. En este contexto, tanto la zoofilia como el bestialismo han...
Melphalan (CAS 148-82-3) is an alkylating agent usually indicated for the treatment of selective human neoplastic diseases. This compound binds with many intracellular molecular structures including nucleic acids. The principal toxic effects of melphalan are bone marrow suppression, that results in hematological alterations such as leukopenia, thro...
4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) (CAS 101-77-9) and its dihydrochloride (CAS 13552-44-8) are synthetic compounds used in different industrial processes. The main way of exposition occurs during their production and/or their use in the polyurethane industry (occupational exposure), with dermal absorption after contact with contaminated surfaces being t...
Carbonyl sulfide (COS, 463-58-1) is a colorless, relatively stable gas, with a typical sulfide odor, except when pure, used for experimental purposes and as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds, thiocarbamate herbicides, and alkyl carbonates. Exposure occurs predominantly by inhalation, and it is absorbed primarily in the lu...
The existence of polluting chemical compounds in the environment is a threat both to living beings and to the ecosystem as a whole. Ecotoxicology is therefore developing new tools, such as the use of biomarkers, with the aim of evaluating the effect of these pollutants. Many studies have discussed the role of oxidative stress indicators as potentia...
Los rodenticidas anticoagulantes (RA) tienen un uso muy extendido en el control de plagas de roedores, pero no solo ellos se ven comprometidos por estos compuestos, sino que también se da la exposición en especies "no objetivo", cobrando una gran relevancia las intoxicaciones secundarias. Uno de los grupos biológicos que se ve más afectado por este...
In recent years, there have been increasing ecological and global concerns associated to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs). Thus, the relevance of wild mammals as biomonitors has been globally recognised. In the present study, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn and As concentrations were quantified in European hedgehog and badger inhabiting SW Europe, and cumulative t...
Seabirds can be used as bioindicators of changes in the environment in which they live, identifying different biomarkers in them, which do not provide information on the quantitative levels of contaminants, but on the subclinical adverse effects that these agents can cause. At the present study, the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione-S...
In the present study, livers, kidneys and adipose tissue of Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis) were collected. Samples were used to determine relationships between heavy metals/metalloids in liver and kidneys (Hg, Cd, Pb, Se and As) or persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue (7 PCBs and 11 organochlorine pesticides) with biomarkers of o...
As highly relevant environmental contaminants, metals and metalloids have been extensively evaluated for decades in biomonitoring programs, due to their potential toxicity at low levels and high persistence in many ecosystems. When considering chemical analysis, metal quantification has been carried out through conventional methods, based on the de...
OBJECTIVE
Burnout is a syndrome of emotional distress common in health-care professions. The aim of this study was to assess the potential levels of burnout syndrome among veterinarians in Spain as well as different factors involved in its prevalence.
SAMPLE
282 Spanish veterinarians (57.4% women and 42.6% men).
PROCEDURES
All data were obtained...
Tetranitromethane (TNM) (CAS 509-14-8) is a highly explosive chemical used as an oxidizing agent in rocket propellants, additive in diesel fuels, and in the manufacture of liquid explosives. Exposure can occur via inhalation (the primary route of potential human exposure), ingestion, and eye or skin contact. Acute inhalation can result in irritatio...
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) (CAS 80-62-6) is a synthetic chemical with a wide variety of dental, medical, and industrial applications. MMA can enter the environment during its transport, bulk storage, and use. Mainly, MMA releases have been found in the air, although it is not considered to contribute directly to the depletion of the ozone layer. MMA...
The chemical industry is the leading sector in the EU in terms of added value. However, contaminants pose a major threat and significant costs to the environment and human health. While EU legislation and international conventions aim to reduce this threat, regulators struggle to assess and manage chemical risks, given the vast number of substances...
Maleic anhydride (CAS 108-31-6), together with maleic acid and fumaric acid, has been known for more than a century. Maleic anhydride is a chemical intermediate that can be used in several applications in nearly every field of industrial chemistry. The main end use is related to the production of unsaturated polyester resins. Its name is also assoc...
In the present study, mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and arsenic (As) were measured in liver, kidney, and feathers of adult, juvenile, and chick seagulls ( Larus michahellis ) collected from the northwest of Spain. Age, sex, and the geographical location of samples were considered variables that can influence metal bioaccumul...
There is mounting evidence that acaricides are among the most prevalent medicinal compounds in honey bee hive matrices worldwide. According to OCDE guideline No. 245 chronic lethal concentration of tau-fluvalinate (at concentrations ranging from 77.5 to 523.18 ppm), coumaphos (59.8 ppm) and dimethoate (0.7 ppm) were determined. The activity of the...
Resumen: La importancia de los estudios toxicológicos sobre suelos es evidente, y el desarrollo y uso de los ensayos estandarizados para llevarlos a cabo es un campo en constante crecimiento. En el presente trabajo se ha procedido a realizar el ensayo de toxicidad aguda con lombrices de tierra Eisenia foetida de acuerdo con el protocolo estandariza...
This study reports the results obtained from toxicological analyses of different types of baits referred to the laboratory of the Toxicology Area (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cáceres, Spain) over a 17-year period (2002–2018). These baits were suspicious materials found in the environment of the region of Extremadura (Western Spain), where such...
Resumen: En la primera parte del presente estudio, publicado en 2021, se mostraron los resultados obtenidos al aplicar el ensayo estandarizado de la Organización Internacional de Normalización (ISO) 17512-1:2008. En dicho trabajo se evaluó la toxicidad producida por el plaguicida organofosforado dimetoato en el suelo, utilizando la capacidad de rep...
The use of mammals as biomonitors of environmental pollution
Lead (Pb) is known to disrupt biochemical and physiological functions, which leads to the dysfunc-tion. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the choice of porphyrin profile as non-destructive biomarkers in excreta of rabbit for assessing mammal exposure to lead. Twenty-four white rabbits (12/12 females/males) were gathered according to...
Lead (Pb) is known to disrupt biochemical and physiological functions, which leads to the dysfunc-tion. The objective of this experiment was to evalu-ate the choice of porphyrin profile as non-destructive biomarkers in excreta of rabbit for assessing mam-mal exposure to lead. Twenty-four white rabbits (12/12 females/males) were gathered according t...
El estrés es un sentimiento de tensión física o emocional muy reconocido socialmente que está en ocasiones íntimamente relacionado con el trabajo y la actividad laboral, convirtiéndose así en un fenómeno de gran relevancia en la actualidad al afectar tanto al bienestar profesional o colectivo, como al personal. Como consecuencia de ello, en la actu...
ctualmente, las nanopartículas están presentes en casi todos los aspectos de nuestra vida, desde cremas que utilizamos diariamente, hasta medicamentos e incluso productos alimenticios. Sus enormes potencialidades las convierten en unas herramientas fundamentales no solo en el momento actual, sino en el futuro de, entre otras, las ciencias biomédica...
Zinc, cadmium, and lead in livers, kidneys, and feathers of 48 young and adult Atlantic puffins found dead or dying off the coast of Galicia (Northwest Spain) were determined. Most abundant between the three elements was the essential metal zinc, with highest mean levels (173 ± 9 mg/kg dry weight) in livers. For the two non-essential metals, highes...
Resumen: La creciente preocupación por el bienestar animal ha propiciado el rechazo por parte de la sociedad a la utilización de animales en experimentación. Por este motivo, actualmente se están desarrollando métodos alternativos que cumplan con el principio de las 3Rs (reemplazar, reutilizar y refinar). Muchos de estos métodos se basan en la util...
A study of the impact of an abandoned lead (Pb) mine (“Las Musas”), located in SW Spain, on the contamination of the surface soil and pastures in its vicinity revealed the presence of widely distributed, high levels of Pb contamination. The total Pb concentrations in soils sampled at distances from 3 to 998 m from the mine ranged between 129 and 10...
Introduction: Minerals constitute between 4-5% of the live weight of animals, and their presence is necessary for the life and health of all species. In recent years minerals have been considered nutritionally essential, which have been described new metabolic functions, which are mainly linked to the immune and reproductive system.
Aim: The object...
Introduction: There are mineral elements present in the diet of livestock that can be toxic to animals and that can be transferred from the diet to the animal and from there to products such as meat or milk.
Aim: The objective was the analysis of the concentrations of the metalloid arsenic (As) and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and le...
In the present study, mineral content of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) was analysed in sheep wool and goat hair. In addition, differences were related with specie, breed (Merino and Lacaune sheep; Verata and Retinta goat) and...
The value of birds as bioindicators for monitoring the environmental inorganic elements has been globally recognized. In this context, due to its well-known ecology and population stability, the Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) could be particularly useful. Dead Northern gannets (n = 30) were collected and samples from the liver, kidney, and feathe...
Pesticides are one of the most frequently anthropogenic xenobiotics detected in water. Among these, the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are very widely used in agriculture due to their broad spectrum of activity and their low price, but they also have high potent effects as neurotoxic compounds in non-target organisms. The aim of this study was t...
Background:
The aquatic environment is continuously being contaminated with toxic chemical substances from industrial, agricultural and domestic activities. The identification of different biomarkers of such contamination is of great relevance to determine the potential impact of those xenobiotics on the health of organisms.
Objectives:
To estimat...
A free-ranging Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) was found dead after 16 mo of being reintroduced. On gross necropsy, necrotic areas in the left biceps femoris and intercostal muscles were identified. Streptococcus canis was isolated from both groups of muscles and was confirmed by PCR, corroborating a necrotizing myositis diagnostic.
The present study evaluated the effect of two oral doses of the pesticide diazinon (25 and 125 mg/kg bw) on four biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and catalase and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities) in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbit after 10 days of exposure. Malondialdehyde levels were significant...
In the present study we employed cultured pancreatic stellate cells to study the effect of the organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate on pancreatic cell physiology. Esterase activity, cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation and Ca2+ mobilization were examined. Our results show that dimethoate (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) induced a concentration-d...
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1Xc2C_3Mt6S1OE
Concentrations of 7 different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and eleven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and metabolites, including DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexane isomers), Endosulfan, Endosulfan sulfate, Endrin, Dieldrin and HCB (hexachlorobenzene), were...
La utilización de aves marinas como bioindicadoras de contaminación ambiental, ha sido reconocida por multitud de estudios, al ocupar niveles altos en la cadena trófica, estar ampliamente distribuidas y poseer elevada esperanza de vida. Y concretamente el uso de las plumas permite de forma no letal e incruenta determinar los niveles de metales pesa...
Over the last years, cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities have been increasingly used in environmental biomonitoring to detect the exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides such as organophosphorates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs). The aim of this study was to determine ChE and CbE enzymatic activities present in liver and muscl...
En el presente estudio se investigó la sensibilidad de la actividad colinesterasa del sistema nervioso del conejo (Orictolagus cuniculus) al insecticida diazinón tanto in vivo como in vitro. En el ensayo in vivo, los animales fueron expuestos oralmente a dosis únicas de diazinón (25 o 125 mg/kg) y tras 10 días fueron sacrificados para obtener el ce...
The white stork (Ciconia ciconia) is being increasingly used in biomonitoring programmes of environmental contaminants due to its growing population in Europe; however, studies on inorganic elements are scarce. The blood of 70 white storks was collected and analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine the presence...
El conocimiento de la responsabilidad que implica cualquier tipo de actuación profesional en el ámbito veterinario es fundamental en la formación del estudiante, aunque por desgracia son numerosos los casos judiciales en los que están implicados veterinarios por mala praxis. Se describe en este trabajo una práctica realizada con los alumnos de la a...
1. Introduction -
Is a common practice amongst professors to put an exam, grade it and forget the assessment until the next call. Nevertheless, the analysis of students’ answers is essential to improve the quality of the examination procedures. Being aware of the importance that assessment has, universities are introducing exams quality evaluation...
The legal and illegal use of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides represents one of many threats to birds. The activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in plasma is used as a non-destructive biomarker to diagnose the exposure of birds to these pesticides. Scavengers are one of the most important bird groups threatened by the use of baits poisoned...
In the current study, the in vivo and in vitro sensitivity of nervous system cholinesterase activity to pesticide diazinon in rabbits (Orictolagus cuniculus) was investigated. In the in vivo assay, animals were orally exposed to single doses of diazinon (25 or 125 mg/kg) and after 10 days were sacrificed to obtain the brain, cerebellum and spinal c...
Polychlorinated biphenyls are a broad family of persistent environmental pollutants of enormous environmental significance, because despite being prohibited, they are still found in alarming concentrations in the environment, enough to trigger environmental biomonitoring programs. Associated to this need to continue identifying and quantifying them...
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of different inorganic elements (lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], and arsenic [As]) and persistent chlorinated pollutants (including polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] and organochlorine pesticides [OCPs]) in blood and plasma of White stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings from northwest (NW) Spain. The concentrat...
In the present study the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were evaluated. The phosphorylation of AChE enzyme by the possible exposition to OP pesticides was tested followed by incubation with pyridine-2-aldoxime methio-chloride (2-PAM), in liver and muscle from gull Larus michahellis sampled in Galic...
Pb, Cd, Hg and As are the most dangerous elements and game animals can be used for monitoring their presence in the environment. As they are part of thehumanfood chain, their concentrations in edible tissues must be monitored to evaluate the threat to human health. These four elements were analised by ICP-MS after acid digestion in a microwave oven...
Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant and globally distributed sea turtle species in the world and thus, monitoring this species for persistent organic pollutants, such as perfluorinated chemicals, is fundamental for their protection. This study was the first to evaluate the occurrence of five PFCAs (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA) in liver an...
Cd, Pb, and Zn were quantified in liver and kidney of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) which were hunted during the 2003–2011 hunting seasons in Galicia (NW Spain). The effects of age and gender were evaluated to determine whether these variables should be included in future biomonitoring studies. The concentrations of hepatic and renal Cd (average 0.6 an...
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of specific environmental contaminants on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in terrestrial, free-living birds. To investigate this, several biomarkers and the levels of lead, mercury, and arsenic were determined in blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings from two different colonies loca...
The effect of semi-static exposition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) to different concentrations (0, 10, 50
and 100 μg/L) of the pesticide carbofuran has been evaluated. The following biological responses were measured: (1) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxy-4-[trifluoromethyl]-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD) activities, as a p...
4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) (CAS 101-77-9) and its dihydrochloride (CAS 13552-44-8) are synthetic compounds used in different industrial processes. The main way of exposition occurs during their production and during their use in the polyurethane industry (occupational exposure), with dermal absorption after contact with contaminated surfaces bei...
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) (CAS 80-62-6) is a synthetic chemical with a wide variety of dental, medical, and industrial applications. MMA can enter the environment during its transport, bulk storage, and use. Mainly, MMA has been found in the air, although it is not considered to contribute directly to the depletion of the ozone layer. MMA is rapidl...
Myclobutanil (CAS 88671-89-0) is a broad-spectrum systemic foliar-applied fungicide of the substituted triazole chemical class of compounds. Exposure may occur at workplaces where it is used or produced and the general population may be exposed via ingestion of contaminated food. The predominate toxicological effects reported in laboratory animals...
Melphalan (CAS 148-82-3) is an alkylating agent usually indicated for the treatment of selective human neoplastic diseases. This compound binds with many intracellular molecular structures including nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The principal toxic effect of melphalan is bone marrow suppression that results in hematological alterations such as leuko...
Maleic anhydride (CAS 108-31-6), together with maleic acid and fumaric acid, has been known for more than a century. Maleic anhydride is a chemical intermediate that can be used in several applications in nearly every field of industrial chemistry. The main end use is related to the production of unsaturated polyester resins. Its name is also assoc...
Carbonyl sulfide (COS, 463-58-1) is a colorless, relatively stable gas, used for experimental purposes and as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds, thiocarbamate herbicides, and alkyl carbonates. Exposure occurs predominantly by the inhalation route, as most COS releases are to air. It is absorbed primarily in the lungs via...
Tetranitromethane (TNM) (CAS 509-14-8) is a highly explosive chemical used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants, to increase the cetane number of diesel fuels, and in the manufacture of liquid explosives. Exposure can occur via inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact. Inhaled TNM causes irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, dizziness, chest...
We investigated the levels of Zn(II], Pb(II] and Cd(II] in livers and muscles of the wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos) hunting in El Melah lagoon in northeastern Tunisia from December 2010. Analysis of variance shows that no significant differences in metals levels were found between samples, but it should be pointed out that the number of samples was...
Cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, iron, zinc and arsenic levels were measured in blood samples from 59 free-ranging white stork nestlings from colonies located in three different environmental conditions in Western Spain. The reference colony was situated in "Llanos de Cáceres y Sierra de Fuentes", an Area of Special Interest for Bird Protection. A...
Recently, the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, have received extensive concerns. Because most of pesticides are not completely degraded after application, their metabolites and some unchanged forms of these compounds are excreted and subsequently enter the aquatic ecosyste...
This work investigated the effect from exposure to insecticides carbofuran and deltamethrin on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Both pesticides were evaluated through two separate experiments, and carp were exposed in a semi-static system to three different concentrations of carbofuran (...
Several studies indicate that more than one cholinesterase form may be present in the blood of mammals. In this study the predominant plasma cholinesterase activity, the physiological cholinesterase activity as well as cholinesterase sex-dependent changes in non-exposed individuals of rabbit have been established. Plasma cholinesterase was characte...
Abstract This study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. The fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg L-1) of methomyl for 15 days. On days 4 and 15, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (ACh...
The use of anticoagulants has increased in recent times as a method for controlling rodent populations. However, this increased use also provokes accidental and intentional ingestion for both animals and humans, triggering poisoning of non-target organisms. In the present report, a clinical case of secondary-poisoning of birds with anticoagulant ro...
Despite the ecological importance of the White Stork, Ciconia ciconia, and its wide distribution in southern Europe, knowledge of the impact of long-term exposure to pollution in its wild populations is still scarce. As a first step towards contributing to addressing this question, the baseline values of anti-oxidant parameters and peroxidation lev...
Blood plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in vertebrates. Several studies indicate that more than one ChE form may be present in blood of birds. In this study the predominant ChE activity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE- or butyrylcholinesterase - BChE-), th...
The current study represents the first investigation of the suitability of wolf hair as indicator tissue for metal exposure and accumulation within NW Spanish ecosystems. Dead animals, which were not specifically killed for these purposes, were necropsied, and further toxicological analyses were performed in order to establish the heavy metal conte...