Francisco José Goerlich Gisbert

Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas | IVIE · Department of Economic Anlysis

BACKGROUND Life expectancy is one of the most useful indicators of mortality and development in a given society but considers only one aspect of the distribution of length of life: the average. OBJECTIVE Within an axiomatic framework we investigate alternative measures of life expectancy that take into account distributional considerations in the l...

Purpose The paper aims to describe the process to obtain a complete municipal database from the 2011 Spanish Census information. By complete, the authors mean variables for the full sample of the 8,116 municipalities as of the census reference date. In addition, the database should be consistent with the public census information released by the Na...

A landslide susceptibility map is a crucial tool for land-use spatial planning and management in mountainous areas. An essential issue in such maps is the determination of susceptibility thresholds. To this end, the map is zoned into a limited number of classes. Adopting one classification system or another will not only affect the map’s readabilit...

This article proposes a typology of boundary changes in territorial units at two points in time. The different types of changes are organized in a hierarchy and represented homogeneously, independently of the number of territorial units involved and of the changes to them. Each alteration is described precisely and unambiguously, and it is codified...

Este trabajo presenta una evaluación, desde el punto de vista del usuario, de la malla regular (grid) de población, con resolución de 1 km2 , que el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) ha hecho pública a partir de los resultados del Censo de Población y Viviendas 2011. Esta forma de difusión de resultados resulta muy novedosa y ofrece un gran v...

This paper describes a process for measuring and characterizing urban morphological zones. These urban zones are delineated for the entire area of Spain, independently of administrative boundaries and excluding demographic data, using a high resolution land-use dataset. Given the rich information available on land cover and subsequently assigned po...

This paper analyses the evolution of Spain´s income distribution between 2004-2013. The main purpose is to examine the role that the labor market played in the inequality gap increase, as well as the role that several public actions played via monetary transactions, direct taxes, and public services supplied in kind. The methodology uses several cl...

This article aims to establish criteria for rigorously define what constitutes a rural or urban area, given the limitations of traditional methodologies. Secondly, a rural / urban typology is proposed at the municipal level for Spain taking into account three criteria: demographics - combining densities with minimum population thresholds — informat...

Availability of high resolution population distribution data, independent of the administrative units in which demographic statistics are collected, is a real necessity in many fields: risk evaluation due to earthquakes, flooding or fires, to name just a few, integration between socio-demographic and environmental or geographical information collec...

Analysing urban regions is essential for their correct monitoring and planning. This is mainly accounted for the sharp increase of people living in urban areas, and consequently, the need to manage them. At the same time there has been a rise in the use of spatial and statistical datasets, such as the Urban Atlas, which offers high-resolution urban...

Analysing urban regions is essential for their correct monitoring and planning. This is mainly accounted for the sharp increase of people living in urban areas, and consequently, the need to manage them. At the same time there has been a rise in the use of spatial and statistical datasets, such as the Urban Atlas, which offers high-resolution urban...

El presente informe tiene como propósito establecer una tipología de los espacios rurales/urbanos españoles más completa y detallada que la que puede obtenerse haciendo uso de los criterios tradicionales, que han otorgado una importancia decisiva a la densidad demográfica como dimensión diferenciadora. Utilizando técnicas derivadas de los sistemas...

This article aims to establish criteria for rigorously define what constitutes a rural or urban area, given the limitations of traditional methodologies. Secondly, a rural/urban typology is proposed at the municipal level for Spain taking into account three criteria: demographics-combining densities with minimum population thresholds — information...

This paper makes a proposal for a taxonomy of boundary changes in Spanish municipalities along time. The different types of changes are organized in a hierarchy, as well as represented in a homogeneous manner, independently of the number of municipalities involved and of the changes suffered. Each alteration is described in a precise and unambiguou...

The institutional and economic strategies implemented by private and public agents should aim at smart development. How can this be achieved? Combining three elements: (i) a growth based on productive factors of quality —especially human and technological capital— and the continuous improvement of organizations’ productivity; (ii) policies aimed at...

A poverty index should be sensitive to the number of poor people, the extent of the shortfall of the poor, and the inequality among the poor. A difficulty arises when inequality among the poor needs to be assessed. The inequality may be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps. Depending on what side we focus on, the inequality level comparisons...

This article describes a high-resolution land cover data set for Spain and its application to dasymetric population mapping at census tract level. Eventually, this vector layer is transformed into a grid format. The work parallels the effort of the Joint Research Centre JRC of the European Commission, in collaboration with Eurostat and the European...

This paper examines the recent application of the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to the analysis of population distribution. We mention the efforts of the National Statistical Institutes in this direction boosted by the last census 2011. The stating point is a growing need to have available population fgures for areas not related to adminis...

The 2013 Fundación BBVA-Ivie report Crecimiento y competitividad examines the tests in the way of Spain’s recovery. It confirms that the Spanish economy has emerged from recession but not from the crisis. For this to happen, it must confront a long list of challenges in the medium and long term which will call for far-reaching changes in education...

The INE publishes two types of population figures: (i) Population estimates at a provincial level, based on the last Census, and (ii) official population figures based on the administrative record of the Municipal Register of Inhabitants, available at municipal level. Our purpose is twofold: (i) to show the discrepancies between the population figu...

This working paper translates the global database of the Climate Research Unit from the University of East Anglia (), known as CRU TS 2.1, into regional data for Spain. This transform is carried out at the level of both autonomous regions (comunidades autónomas, NUTS 2) and provinces (NUTS 3). The original database, in grid form, is not suitable fo...

This working paper proposes an indicator that integrates life expectancy with the demographic structure of the pop ulation for a given society, combining the simple indica tors of mortality and aging. Life expectancy at birth is in-dependent of the demographic structure of the population and is, therefore, adequate for measuring overall mortality....

Este documento de trabajo examina la posibilidad de construir una grid de población a partir de información pública, el nomenclátor en lo que respecta a la población y la cartografía en lo que hace referencia a información auxiliar sobre usos del suelo. El método propuesto es un método dasimétrico binario, que solo asigna población a contornos urba...

This paper is a contribution to the empirical literature on city size distribution. It is based on Zipf's law and uses evidence provided by Spanish municipalities throughout the 20(th) century. The paper begins by criticizing the most frequently used database for municipal population and offers an alternative source of the data, one that is homogen...

This paper is a contribution to the empirical literature on city size distribution. It is based on Zipf's law and uses evidence provided by Spanish municipalities throughout the 20th century. The paper begins by criticizing the most frequently used database for municipal population and offers an alternative source of the data, one that is homogenou...

This working paper looks at a geographical feature that, to our knowledge, has not been investigated in Spain so far, terrain ruggedness. Using geographical information systems and two public access digital elevation models we construct a terrain ruggedness index that quantifies topographic heterogeneity, and is based on the slope with neighborhood...

This working paper quantifies, at a regional level (NUTS3), terrain ruggedness, and compares it with the average altitude of the region. Altitude is an often-used variable introduced in gravitational models of population or activity location as a measure of physical geography, to pick up a general idea of difficult terrain. Using geographical infor...

This note presents a simple and locally optimal test statistic for the Pareto law. The test is based on the Lagrange multiplier principle and can be computed easily once the maximum likelihood estimator of the scale parameter of the Pareto density has been obtained. A Monte Carlo exercise shows the good small sample properties of the test under the...

This paper is a contribution to the empirical literature on city size distribution. It is based on Zipf's law and uses evidence provided by Spanish municipalities throughout the 20th century. The paper begins by criticizing the most frequently used database for municipal population and offers an alternative source of the data, one that is homogenou...

This working paper presents a simple and locally optimal test statistic for the Pareto law. The test is based on the Lagrange multiplier (LM) principle and can be computed easily once the maximum likelihood estimator of the scale parameter of the Pareto density has been obtained. A Monte Carlo exercise shows the good small sample properties of the...

It is well known that, in distributions problems, "Fairness" rarely leads to a single viewpoint (see Young (1994) and Moulin (1988) among many others). This paper provides, in this context, interesting basis in defense of intermediate agreements when two prominent proposals, representing different sets of "Equity Principles", highlight a discrepanc...

This paper presents an integration between the normative approach of Dalton-Atkinson-Sen to inequality measurement with the positive approach related to the statistical dispersion or the generalized entropy family of inequality indexes. Given a social valuation formula that expresses the aggregate social value as a weighted sum of particular income...

This paper focuses on the influence of two classical drivers of population agglomeration: geography and history. Geography is identified by two co-ordinates: coastal position and altitude. The prominence of history is also captured by two characteristics: the initial size of the municipalities, and their status as the administrative centre of the a...

This paper examines the evolution of the population density in Spain over the twentieth century. Using a homogeneous database of the population at a municipal level - elaborated from the eleven censuses carried out between 1900 and 2001 - the paper looks at the general characteristics of population concentration from various perspectives. Focusing...

This paper emphasizes the properties of a family of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson indices and is axiomatically characterized by a multiplicative decomposition property where the withingroup component is a generalized weighted mean with weights summing exactly to 1. This family contains canonical forms of all aggregative inequality...

In the literature there are a number of generalizations of the Gini coefficient which inherit most of its appealing properties. These families allow the incorporation of different value judgments and all of them are more sensitive to transfers among the poorest individuals in society than to transfers among the richest. Consequently they fail to ca...

This paper presents an integration of the normative approach of Dalton-Atkinson-Sen to inequality measurement and the positive approach related to the statistical dispersion of the family of generalized entropy indexes. Given a social valuation formula that expresses the aggregate social value as a weighted sum of individual incomes, where the weig...

Este trabajo presenta esperanzas de vida libres de discapacidad (EVLD) a nivel nacional para los años 2004, 2005 y 2006, y a nivel de Comunidad Autónoma agrupando los datos para estos tres años a partir de la información contenida en la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida (ECV). Esta es la fuente de información utilizada por Eurostat para la elaboració...

This paper presents Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) at the national level for the years 2004, 2005 y 2006, and at the regional level (NUTS 2) by pooling the information of these three years from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey. This is the survey used by Eurostat for elaborating his structural i...

Este trabajo presenta una integración del enfoque normativo de Dalton- Atkinson-Sen sobre la medición de la desigualdad con el enfoque positivo vinculado a las medidas estadísticas de dispersión o la familia de índices de entropía generalizados. Nuestra aportación elige un índice de desigualdad concreto, el índice de Theil (1967), a partir de la im...

This short paper examines the evolution of the population density in Spain during the 20 th century. Using a homogeneous database of the population at a municipal level – elaborated from the eleven censuses carried out between 1900 and 2001– the paper looks at the general characteristics of population concentration from various perspectives. Focusi...

Este documento de trabajo examina la influencia de dos motores clásicos de la aglomeración de la población en el territorio: los condicionantes geográficos y la relevancia de la historia. Los primeros son identificados por dos coordenadas geográficas: la posibilidad de salida al mar y la altitud del territorio. La importancia de la historia se resu...

Este documento de trabajo propone dos reflexiones previas al estudio del tamaño de las ciudades, destacando su importancia en la contrastación de una de las regularidades empíricas más profusamente visitadas por la literatura, la ley de Zipf. La primera reflexión se refiere a la relevancia que tiene para el análisis la utilización de bases de datos...

Este trabajo examina algunas de las pautas de localización de la población a nivel municipal en España durante el siglo XX. Utilizando una base de datos homogénea de poblaciones municipales —construida a partir de los once censos que van desde 1900 hasta 2001— el trabajo examina las características generales de la concentración de la población desd...

This paper looks at localization patterns in municipal population in Spain along the XX century. Using a homogeneous data base of population at the municipal level -constructed from the eleven censuses from 1900 until 2001- the paper describes the general patterns of population concentration from different perspectives. The main contribution of the...

This paper examines the evolution of the population density in Spain over the twentieth century. Using a homogeneous database of the population at a municipal level – elaborated from the eleven censuses carried out between 1900 and 2001 – the paper looks at the general characteristics of population concentration from various perspectives. Focusing...

This paper examines the usefulness of the Spanish Household Budget Continuous Survey (base 1997), ECPF1997, on order to study the distribution of income. In particular compares the original quarterly files with a longitudinal file constructed by the Spanish Statistical Institute (INE). Given that the original files have a coyuntural goal, a high fr...

This paper draws attention to the internal consistency of the demographic statistics frequently used in applied work, population stocks and flows of births, deaths and net migration. We illustrate some inconsistencies found in these statistics provided by the Spanish central statistical office, INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística). This puts a s...

In this paper, we investigate the properties of a family of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson indices and is axiomatically characterized by amultiplicative decomposition property, where the within-group component is a generalized weighted mean with weights summing exactly to 1. This family contains canonical forms of all aggregative in...

Este trabajo presenta una reflexión en torno a la consistencia de las estadísticas demográficas que con más frecuencia se utilizan en la práctica, stocks de población y flujos de nacimientos, defunciones y saldos migratorios. Se ilustran numerosas inconsistencias, lo que hace dudar de la fiabilidad de algunas de estas estadísticas. Las estadísticas...

The life table constitutes a fundamental model of demography.This work compiles all the official information published in Spain by the National Statistical Institute (INE) in relation to life tables at a national level. The information has been organized in Excel® and PcAxis® files, to facilitate access to the data. The paper offers a descriptive a...

Las tablas de mortalidad constituyen un modelo fundamental para representar numéricamente la forma en que una población experimenta el cambio de estado de sus individuos a lo largo del tiempo. Se trata de un modelo de aplicación general a cualquier fenómeno demográfico en el que, en un periodo de tiempo definido, los individuos de una población tie...

Economic performance in Spanish provinces has led to a considerable improvement in standard of living of their populations. Intense capital accumulation since the 1950s played a key roll in this process. Provincial inequalities may increase or decrease as a result of this growth pattern. This study analyzes the evolution of the disparities by means...

RESUMEN Este trabajo repasa brevemente la evolución de la mortalidad en España a lo largo del siglo XX, así como los avances en lo referente a la evolución de la esperanza de vida, tanto al nacer como a distintas edades de la población. La esperanza de vida al nacer se utiliza cada vez más como indicador general de desarrollo, pero la evolución his...

Economic performance in Spanish provinces has led to a considerable improvement in standard of living of their populations. Intense capital accumulation since the 1950s played a key roll in this process. Provincial inequalities may increase or decrease as a result of this growth pattern. This study analyzes the evolution of the disparities by means...

This paper focuses on three (marginal?) questions surrounding the analysis of economic convergence and uses Spanish provinces as a means of illustration. The three questions in hand are as follows. Given that the geographical units of analysis are usually quite different in economic size, is the weighting of economic units relevant in convergence a...

El Potencial de Calidad de Vida (Quality Life Potential, QLP) es una propuesta innovadora de medida de bienestar social que combina las rentas estimadas por encima de la línea de pobreza con esperanzas de vida a la edad actual a partir de una función de calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la factibilidad y relevancia de estimar...

El Potencial de Calidad de Vida (Quality Life Potential, QLP), presentado en Pinilla y Goerlich (2004), es una propuesta innovadora de medida de bienestar social que combina las rentas estimadas por encima de la línea de pobreza con esperanzas de vida a la edad actual a partir de una función de calidad de vida. Para calcular el QLP necesitamos eleg...

El Potencial de Calidad de Vida (Quality Life Potential, QLP) es una propuesta innovadora de medida de bienestar social que combina las rentas estimadas por encima de la línea de pobreza con esperanzas de vida a la edad actual a partir de una función de calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la factibilidad y relevancia de estimar...

This note extends the standard kernel density estimator to the case of weighted samples in several ways. In the first place I consider the obvious extension by substituting the simple sum in the definition of the estimator by a weighted sum, but I also consider other alternatives of introducing weights, based on adaptive kernel density estimators,...

This article extends the convergence accounting framework established by Serrano and proposes a simple way to statistically test for the significance of different factors of production affecting labour productivity convergence. The result comes from expressing the log of labour productivity as a sum of different factors in a Cobb-Douglas production...

Goerlich F. J. and Mas M. (2002) Intertemporal and interprovincial variations in income inequality: Spain, 1973-1991, Reg. Studies 36, 1005-1015. The paper presents the main findings on personal income distribution for the Spanish provinces over the period 1973-91. The information comes from the three structural Household Budget Surveys and has bee...

Este segundo volumen dedica su atención al estudio de la desigualdad y convergencia entre las diferentes provincias españolas en el periodo considerado, lo que realiza a través de una rigurosa metodología y con amplia base cuantitativa, complementando así el análisis realizado en el primer volumen de la obra. Provider_Name: Fundacion BBVA / BBVA Fo...

This paper provides the methodology and results of a database of inequality indices for the fifty provinces and seventeen regions of Spain on the basis of the Household Budget Surveys for the years 1973/74, 1980/81 and 1990/91. The inequality indicators considered are the indices of Gini, Theil (0), Theil (1) and Atkinson (1), as well as the distri...

In a recent paper in this journal Duro and Esteban [Econom. Lett. 60 (1998) 269] have proposed a factor decomposition of the Theil [Economics and Information Theory, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1967] index of inequality over per capita incomes into the (unweighted) sum of the inequality indexes of the factors in order to measure the contribution of e...

In a recent paper in this journal Duro and Esteban [Econom. Lett. 60 (1998) 269] have proposed a factor decomposition of the Theil [Economics and Information Theory, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1967] index of inequality over per capita incomes into the (unweighted) sum of the inequality indexes of the factors in order to measure the contribution of e...

Contiene: v 1: Capitalización y crecimiento -- v. 2: Desigualdad y convergencia

[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...

This paper questions the empirical evidence of the relationship between inequality and growth on the basis of the estimation of convergence equations. The criticisms are aimed in two directions - at the quality of the data and at the standard estimation procedure. It begins by describing in detail the procedure followed in the elaboration of inequa...

Los documentos de trabajo del IVIE ofrecen un avance de resultados de las investigaciones económicas en curso, con objeto de generar un proceso de discusión previa a su remisión a las revistas científicas.

Los documentos de trabajo del IVIE ofrecen un avance de resultados de las investigaciones económicas en curso, con objeto de generar un proceso de discusión previa a su remisión a las revistas científicas.

This paper presents an analysis of the inequality in per capita income in the spanish economy at the provincial level during the period 1955-1995. It is observed that the dispersion in this variable has been reduced a great deal along the period, however the reduction ocurred in the firsts 15 years of the analysis after which the reduction of inequ...

With reference to the Baumol/de Long controversy over the importance of the sample selection when verifying the convergence hypothesis, the paper concludes that the convergence results are conditioned by the joint consideration of the United States and Japan in the same country sample. The illustration of this result lays on the ó-convergence conce...

IVIE working-papers offer in advance the results of economic research under way in order to encourage a discussion process before sending them to scientific journals for their final publication.

El trabajo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad entre veinticuatro países pertenecientes a la OCDE durante el periodo 1962-1993, utilizando la base de datos proporcionada por este Organismo. Argumenta la pertinencia de distinguir entre las dos variables que habitualmente se contemplan en el análisis de la desigualdad y la convergencia: renta per...

This is a user¿s guide for the DYNFAC package. A program written in GAUSS to estimate, by maximum likelihood in the time domain, DYNamic FACtor analytical models with the other common factor (single-index models), by means of the Kalman filter.

Este trabajo trata de determinar que proporción de la varianza de diversas series de actividad económica es debida a factores específicamente sectoriales y que proporción puede ser atribuida a un componente agregado, a partir de datos sectoriales de Valor Añadido Bruto (VAB) e Indice de Producción Industrial (IPI) y modelos factoriales dinámicos de...

Análisis del crecimiento económico en España durante los últimos cuarenta años, con el objetivo de presentar sistemáticamente la información existente sobre la evolución de la economía, y plantear una reflexión sobre las claves del proceso de crecimiento regional en estas décadas, destacando la importancia de la acumulación de capital físico y huma...

The purpose of the paper is to pinpoint the date of the change of monetary policy regime which occurred in Spain during the year 1984, when it moved away from controlling monetary aggregates towards interest rate targeting. The most likely date for the change is estimated and, surprisingly, there is evidence that agents learned about the new interm...

El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la existencia y magnitud de las econom�as de escala, internas y externas, y los m�rgenes entre precio y coste marginal en la industria espa�ola, durante el per�odo 1964- 1989. Los resultados obtenidos para 13 de los 14 sectores industriales de NACE-CLIO R25, indican que a nivel agregado los rendimientos a escal...

This paper tries to precisely date the change of monetary policy regimeoccurred in Spain along the year 1984 moving away from controlling monetaryaggregates into interest rate targeting. The most likely date for the changeis estimated and, surprisingly, there is evidence that agents learn quiterapidly about the new intermediate target. A week after...

It is widely known that the D. A. Dickey and W. A. Fuller [J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 74, 427-431 (1979; Zbl 0413.62075)] t-statistic obtained from a regression with a linear trend is asymptotically normal if the data generating process is a random walk with a linear trend. This note shows that this result may be of little use in small samples, especially...

Este primer volumen analiza de forma pormenorizada la experiencia de crecimiento económico de las provincias españolas durante el periodo 1955-1998, con una aportación singular de información respecto a las diferencias en términos de actividad, empleo, cualificación de la fuerza de trabajo y dotaciones de capital entre cada una de las provincias. P...

Esta monografía ofrece un análisis sistemático de las diversas formas de medir la desigualdad en la distribución de la renta y de sus aplicaciones a la evaluación del bienestar. Se parte de un estudio pormenorizado de los índices de desigualdad, que son los instrumentos conceptuales para medir e interpretar la dispersión de la renta, incluyendo tan...

Depósito Legal: V-4088-1998 * Este trabajo recoge los aspectos instrumentales de un informe más amplio titulado "Dinámica de la distribución provincial de la renta. I: Un enfoque desde la óptica de la desigualdad" (Goerlich (1998a)) realizado para el Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (I.V.I.E.) y fue utilizado como material en el c...

RESUMEN Este trabajo examina las pautas de localización de la población a nivel municipal en España durante el siglo XX. Utilizando una base de datos homogénea de poblaciones municipales -construida a partir de los once censos que van desde 1900 hasta 2001-el trabajo examina las características generales de la concentración de la población desde di...

This paper provides the methodology and results of a database of inequality indices for the fifty provinces and seventeen regions of Spain on the basis of the Household Budget Surveys for the years 1973/74, 1980/81 and 1990/91. The inequality indicators considered are the indices of Gini, Theil (1967) and Atkinson (1970), as well as the distributio...

El trabajo describe la evolución de la desigualdad en la distribución personal de la renta durante el periodo 1973-2001 a partir de los microdatos de la Encuesta de presupuestos familiares elaboradas por el INE. Comienza analizando la situación española y, tras comprobar el incremento de la desigualdad en la última década, compara la experiencia es...

We review the evolution of mortality in Spain during the XX century. At the same time we comment on the advances in life expectancy, at birth and at different ages, focusing specially on the timing of the changes. Life expectancy at birth is more and more used as an indicator of development, but history tell us that life expectancy increasing leads...