Francisco José García-Peñalvo

Universidad de Salamanca · Department of Computer Science and Automatics

In the 18th century, the educational model underwent a disruptive change driven by the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society. In the 21st century, the change from the industrial society to a knowledge society has been consolidated, but it has not involved a disruption in the learning context. Some elements, many based on technolo...

The learning ecosystem metamodel is a platform-independent model to define learning ecosystems. It is based on the architectural pattern for learning ecosystems. To ensure the quality of the learning ecosystem metamodel is necessary to validate it through a Model-to-Model transformation. Specifically, it is required to verify that the learning ecos...

Despite their many advantages, teachers' adoption of mobile technologies as didactic tools is still limited. Their adoption is conditioned by first-order and second-order barriers. The former are associated with the availability of resources, and the latter refer to internal barriers as a consequence of the reflection of instructors about their own...

There are different methods and techniques to carry out systematic reviews in order to address a set of research questions or getting the state of the art of a particular topic, but there is no a method to carry out a systematic analysis of research projects not only based on scientific publications. The main challenge is the difference between res...

Cada vez es más común interactuar con productos que parecen “inteligentes”, aunque quizás la etiqueta “inteligencia artificial” haya sido sustituida por otros eufemismos. Desde noviembre de 2022, con la aparición de la herramienta ChatGPT, ha habido un aumento exponencial en el uso de la inteligencia artificial en todos los ámbitos. Aunque ChatGPT...

It is increasingly common to interact with products that seem “intelligent”, although the label “artificial intelligence” may have been replaced by other euphemisms. Since November 2022, with the emergence of the ChatGPT tool, there has been an exponential increase in the use of artificial intelligence in all areas. Although ChatGPT is just one of...

The prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in our daily lives is often exaggerated by the media, leading to a positive public perception while overlooking potential problems. In the field of medicine, it is crucial to educate future healthcare professionals on the advantages and disadvantages of AI and to emphasize the importance of creating fa...

Keynote at the VIII Congreso Internacional de Estudios sobre Medios de Comunicación, held in Universidad Complutense de Madrid on September 6th, 2023. In recent years, the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed a seismic shift with the emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). This keynote explored the ground-breaki...

RESUMEn. El Pensamiento Computacional ha sufrido un auge en la educación en los últimos años, formando parte de los planes educativos de muchos países. En recientes investigaciones, el profesorado de Educación Primaria asegura no haber recibido la formación necesaria sobre cómo desarrollar esta disciplina en el aula. En el presente artículo, se rev...

Artificial Intelligence has become a focal point of interest across various sectors due to its ability to generate creative and realistic outputs. A specific subset, generative artificial intelligence, has seen significant growth, particularly in late 2022. Tools like ChatGPT, Dall-E, or Midjourney have democratized access to Large Language Models,...

Teamwork is one of the most demanded generic competencies by international organizations, and higher education institutions train and assess that competence to prepare students for working life. Leadership is a crucial part of teamwork development, and previous research has shown that shared leadership tasks between team members present more advant...

Agile software development has been adopted in the industry to quickly react to business change. Since its inception both academia and industry debate the different shades that agile processes and technical practices play in the day-to-day of students and professional developers. Efforts have been made to understand the pros and cons of the Test Dr...

The introduction of cloud technology in educational settings over the past ten years has enabled organizations to embrace a data-driven decision-making paradigm. Schools and colleges are undergoing rapid digital updating procedures due to the use of outside technological solutions in the cloud, affecting how students learn and are taught. Regarding...

INGAME project has as its aim, directly and indirectly, improve the users’ digital, language, reading, communication and collaboration skills. It will also introduce and integrate gaming into school teaching methods and practices, specifically those relating to the fields of civic literacy and pedagogy. The game developed, under the name ENGAME, is...

Open educational resources (OER) are materials such as textbooks, lessons, and other teaching and learning tools that are freely accessible for use. OER are gaining popularity as a means for educators to give their students access to high-quality, economical educational materials. OER can encourage sharing information and resources throughout the e...

Smart educational systems have become an essential module for intelligent learning and teaching in educational institutions. A review of the literature was done on research studies around the globe to find the research aspects in the vibrant domain. The search keywords were extracted based on the secondary data collected along with Delphi method-ba...

Individual competencies associated with teamwork are highly demanded in all productive and scientific sectors. International accreditation agencies have defined a set of indicators to identify the individual competencies associated with teamwork competence. Practically all universities address the challenge for graduates to acquire teamwork skills...

Metrical and rhythmical poetry analysis is founded on the systematic statistical analysis and comparison of sonic devices (e.g., rhythmic patterns) that emerge from a combination of pre-established aesthetic and structural rules and the poet's abilities and creative genius to convey a given message adhering to the said constraints. These rhythmical...

The use of Machine Learning (ML) to resolve complex tasks has become popular in several contexts. While these approaches are very effective and have many related benefits, they are still very tricky for the general audience. In this sense, expert knowledge is crucial to apply ML algorithms properly and to avoid potential issues. However, in some si...

his book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2022 and 7th International Symposium on Emerging Technologies for Education, SETE 2022, held in Tenerife, Spain in November 21–23, 2022. The 45 full papers and 5 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and se...

Participación en el Foro Internacional “La Inteligencia Artificial y la Docencia Científica”, que organiza el Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Administrativas y Sociales del Instituto Politécnico Nacional en coparticipación con el Instituto de Estudios Superiores de México “Rosario Castellanos” el 24 de mayo de 2023. El objetivo de la confere...

This article focuses on the review of specific examples of European educational projects, within the framework of Erasmus+, that use educational games or platforms as the main axis of action. It is assumed that games are a great tool to engage students in the teaching-learning process and the fact of being able to observe projects that have been co...

This paper describes the evolution of the doctoral work related to the “Methodological guide for the successful use of digital technologies in education: Improving learning through European educational projects”. The research focuses on the analysis of a group of European projects of the Erasmus+ Program considered as good practice or successful ex...

To achieve faster computational speeds than classical computing, quantum computing is rapidly evolving to become one of the most popular areas of computer engineering. The advent of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices has made it possible to perform this work on quantum computers in areas like chemistry or machine learning. In the field...

Designing and creating new multidisciplinary educational practices is a complex process. In this process, teachers must take into account the subjects to be involved, the methodological objectives to be addressed, as well as the specific methodologies and objectives to be worked on and improved. This paper presents a summary of the Unit Plans creat...

The accreditation of university programs by agencies affiliated to the Washington Accord requires the evaluation of learning attributes. This implies the design of new pedagogical and assessment approaches. Despite the existence of previous studies that report results on the evaluation of learning attributes, it was not possible to find qualitative...

This article performs an analysis of the dimensions that make up DigComp and how they have evolved from its elaboration in 2013 to the present day, through the different versions of the same. DigComp is the Digital Competence Framework for Citizenship that serves as a manual for the use, application and development of digital competence for Europea...

STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and math) and student-centered instruction are seeing a rapid growth in popularity, but their reach is not adequately distributed across diversity groups (diversity can include different genders, economic backgrounds, immigrant backgrounds, abilities, and races, among other characteristics). The CreaSTE...

Integration into school and society is one of the most frequent problems for immigrant students. There are different approaches to promote integration in the classroom such us the educational policy, the characteristics of the centre, the educational project, the curriculum or the learning techniques. Gamification and game-based learning allow stud...

The recent circumstance related to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the healthcare issues and medical internet systems. A more prominent tip is the role of education in treating and preventing medical problems through the internet. Now consider that this training is completely tailored to the patient’s unique medical needs. In this direction,...

This thesis focuses on generating an observatory on the level of data literacy for the development of learning analytics in the K-12 stages in Spain. For this purpose, a systematic review of the state of the question has been performed. The most relevant result obtained is the lack of research in which teachers have played an active role in the dev...

Teaching programming is a special area with very particular characteristics and demands. It requires hard work and commitment from all those involved in teaching and learning. The teacher must plan, organize, and create the necessary resources so that students can acquire the skills required for the course objectives. Students must be actively invo...

The 10th edition of the Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM 2022) brings together researchers and postgraduate students interested in combining different aspects of the technology applied to knowledge society development, with particular attention to educational and learning issues. This volume includes contributions relat...

Machine Learning (ML) applications in complex domains, such as the medical domain, can be highly beneficial, but also hazardous if some concepts are overlooked. In this context, however, health professionals denote expertise in their domain, but they often lack skills in terms of ML. In this sense, to leverage ML applications in the medical domain,...

Teamwork is one of the most demanded skills in the future working life of Higher Education students, so promoting its development and evaluation has become essential. The teamwork method used in this work allows both the teaching staff and each work team to obtain continuous evidence of the individual actions of each member of the work team, of the...

Science exhibitions are an effective tool for tech research and education, both in the production and design stages as well as in informal settings such as science centers and science museums, as they are used to promote informal learning in visitors. This is exploratory research to base an analysis of innovative exhibits. We believe unequivocally...

The educational context that integrates Learning Analytics processes presents a high fragility in the data processing. In addition, using analytical technologies in cloud computing adds new drawbacks that increase such fragility and sensitivity in educational environments. However, there are alternatives to reduce fragility in Learning Analytics pr...

The 10th edition of the Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM 2022) brings together researchers and postgraduate students interested in combining different aspects of the technology applied to knowledge society development, with particular attention to educational and learning issues. This volume includes contributions relat...

Innovation has never been as important as it is now to solve the problems caused by COVID-19 and the socioeconomic crisis. In this context, and within the framework of an economy based on knowledge and change, economic and social agents need open innovation to generate competitiveness and development. For their part, universities need to increase t...

Computational thinking is a 21st-century skill and an emerging global issue. Despite the great benefits for the educational context, there is little knowledge about the projects being carried out in the European context. Therefore, it was decided to re-conduct a systematic review of trends in projects addressing Computational Thinking at the pre-un...

Besides providing the consulted publication’s findings, the literature review can offer information through metadata. Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) can support visualising bibliometric metadata through RIS files. The usefulness is to provide an interactive image of the reality and actuality of scientific production....

Se presenta una visión general del proyecto europeo HerStory - Combating gender stereotypes by highlighting women’s contribution to the history of societies (financiado por la Unión Europea a través del Programa CERV (Citizens, Equality, Rights and Values), CERV-2022-GE - Convocatoria de propuestas para promover la igualdad de género - Ref. 1010879...

Participación en el V Seminário Escola Digital: A Educação na Era da Inteligência Artificial, organizado por Centro de Competência TIC da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (CCTIC) y celebrado online el 21 de abril de 2023.

In the context of Latin America, there are few studies that analyze complex thinking linked to disciplinary analysis. In this sense, locating the characteristics promoted by the different disciplines presents an opportunity to scale higher order competencies such as those of complex thinking. This article aims to show the results of a study that se...

Curso impartido para doctorandos y doctorandas del Programa de Doctorado Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento el 19 de abril de 2023. El objetivo del seminario es destacar el rol que juegan las de revisiones sistemáticas para el desarrollo del estado de la cuestión de las tesis doctorales. Además de diferenciar varios tipos de revisiones, par...

Resumen El método de Aula Invertida ha ido adaptándose a nuevos tecnologías y procesos a través del tiempo. En este trabajo se presenta una adaptación del modelo de Aula Invertida al contexto de la Educación 4.0 y la Industria 4.0. Se describe el modelo funcional, se valida y analiza su impacto en el aprendizaje de una asignatura de primer curso co...

Participación en el Conversatorio “Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en Educación Superior: Implicaciones y Retos”, organizado por la Vicerrectoría de Docencia de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y celebrado online el 12 de abril de 2023. El objetivo de este conversatorio es fomentar el debate sobre las implicaciones y retos de la inteligenci...

El artículo aborda el impacto de los algoritmos de inteligencia artificial en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a distancia (virtual), analizando las características y complejidad de las diversas herramientas de inteligencia artificial que se vienen utilizando en los distintos niveles de la educación. Se hace hincapié en los desafíos que implica...

Plant diseases have an impact on the development of their particular species, hence early detection is crucial. Numerous Machine Learning (ML) models have been used for the identification and classification of plant diseases, this field of study now appears to have significant potential for improved accuracy. In order to identify and categorise the...

The year 2022 has ended with one of those technological innovations that have a hard-to-predict behaviour, a black swan, hogging the limelight in traditional media and digital media. Indeed, it is ChatGPT. Although artificial intelligence had already been in the news and often masked under various other meanings, the ChatGPT phenomenon has once aga...

Participation on the panel Future of Education at the Peace City World Congress held in Salamanca, Spain, 23-27 January 2023. The keynote presents some reflections on the University of Salamanca’s perception of the future of Higher Education.

Presentación del Programa de Doctorado Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento de la Universidad de Salamanca en la Estancia Internacional UNESCO-ICDE celebrada en Monterrey (México) del 9 al 19 de enero de 2023

Nowadays, according to the intention of many hospitals and medical centers to computerize their processes and medical treatments, including data forms and medical images, which are generating a considerable amount of data, IT specialists and data scientists who are oriented to eHealth and related issues know the importance of data integration and i...

The lack of women in STEM careers is a problem that affects all higher education institutions, not only in Latin America but also in Europe and other regions of the world. Improving access, retention, and orientation mechanisms in universities is fundamental to ensure that more women interested in these areas effectively pursue a degree in science,...

El artículo analiza y reflexiona sobre aspectos coyunturales de la ética en el uso de los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en contextos educativos. Se aborda, por un lado, el impacto de la IA en el campo de la Educación, desde la perspectiva de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (concretamente, ODS4) de la Agenda 2030 de la UNESCO, desc...

Resumen El artículo analiza y reflexiona sobre aspectos coyunturales de la ética en el uso de los sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en contextos educativos. Se aborda, por un lado, el impacto de la IA en el campo de la Educación, desde la perspectiva de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (concretamente, ODS4) de la Agenda 2030 de la UNES...

Although STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and math) and student-centered instruction are growing rapidly in popularity, their reach is not adequately distributed across diversity groups (including individuals of different genders, economic backgrounds, immigrant backgrounds , abilities, and races, among other characteristics). The Crea...

Nowadays, the diversity gap in STEM, with a special focus on the gender gap, is a worldwide challenge. A sustainable society cannot be achieved until society is represented in the STEM sectors that have such an impact on its development. The CreaSTEAM project is focused on mapping best practices in STEAM and creating STEAM-Labs in secondary schools...

Education 4.0 is a model to meet the demands of Industry 4.0. This is achieved by developing competencies during the learning process that will later be used in Industry 4.0. The structural model proposed in this work has four components: Cloud Computing infrastructures (applied in the COVID-19 confinement period), active hybrid methodologies (appl...

This article integrates two visions on the creation of knowledge by students: an academic vision where the person who creates knowledge uses high-level cognitive abilities and, therefore, acquires deeper learning, and an organisational learning vision, where the creation of knowledge adds value to the organisation and the individuals who work in th...

Learning and teaching to program is an arduous task. It requires a lot of commitment, dedication, and passion from everyone involved. Programming courses have high dropout and failure rates. Throughout time, several educational research works have been carried out to study the different learning processes and characteristics of students. With this...

Conferencia invitada en las Xornadas para a Docencia Universitaria, organizadas por la Universidad de Vigo, que se celebraron el 26 de octubre de 2022. En esta conferencia se plantea cómo se percibe la docencia online, especialmente tras la pandemia, ya sea como modalidad docente o como complemento a la modalidad presencial. En un momento en el que...

Presentación del Programa de Doctorado “Formación en la Sociedad del Conocimiento” de la Universidad de Salamanca en la sesión de kick-off de la edición 2021-2022, celebrada el 24 de octubre de 2022 de forma presencial, aunque retransmitida por streaming. Esta es la décima edición de la sesión de inicio del Programa de Doctorado, información que se...

Conferencia invitada impartida en la Jornada Científica Internacional Estado de la Ciencia y de la Tecnología – 2022, celebrada en la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú, el 13 de octubre de 2022. El objetivo es presentar el método de revisión sistemática de literatura para la elaboración del estado de la cuestión de una investigación.

The debate on privacy issues in Learning Analytics processes has been going on for a long time. In academic terms, various researchers attempted to identify the origin of the problem, provide solutions, and propose alternatives. However, the problem is complex, not yet solved, and increasingly pressing and serious. We reflect on cloud computing tec...

Data visualizations and dashboards are powerful means to convey information to large audiences. However, the design and understanding of these tools are not straightforward because several factors are involved. It is essential to rely on theoretical frameworks to design and implement data visualizations for these reasons. In this context, we propos...

Data visualizations and information dashboards are useful but complex tools. They must be fully understood to draw proper insights and to avoid misleading conclusions. However, several elements and factors are involved in this domain, which makes it difficult to learn. In previous works, we proposed a meta-model to capture the primitive elements th...

The aim of the paper is to present the processes of the game implementation and design. Nowadays technologies could play an active role in promoting social inclusion and equal participation by providing people with interactive experiences on these subjects. Paper authors are developing a game that will engage learners and motivate them to learn fro...

Curso impartido en la Facultad Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú el 7 de octubre de 2022. El objetivo del curso es introducir a los investigadores en la realización de revisiones sistemáticas de literatura o SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Una SLR es un tipo de revisión de la literatura que recopila y analiza críticamen...

Teacher training plays a fundamental role in educational success, as recognized in the different studies carried out by OECD, UNESCO, the World Bank, and other prestigious institutions. The European Union and associated countries promote actions to improve the educational system and among them teacher training has an important role. One of the prog...

Los objetivos son, demostrar la incongruencia teórica entre el modelo de transferencia teórica y el de la ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) a partir de un análisis histórico y filosófico. Asimismo, proponer una definición del objeto de estudio de CTI, de modo que se tenga en cuenta al momento de seleccionar, crear o adaptar un modelo de transf...

Emotionally responsive agents that can simulate emotional intelligence increase the acceptance of users towards them, as the feeling of empathy reduces negative perceptual feedback. This has fostered research on emotional intelligence during last decades, and nowadays numerous cloud and local tools for automatic emotional recognition are available,...

Experiencia de desarrollo de la estrategia institucional de transformación digital que se basa en la implementación de una cartera estratégica de proyectos con la que gestionar el Plan Unidigital

Objectives This work presents the application of meta-modeling to the data visualization and dashboards' domain to obtain two main products: a system that allows the instantiation of the meta-model through a graphical interface and a code generator that takes the instantiation of the meta-model as an input to generate visualizations and dashboards....

Machine Learning allows facing complex tasks related to data analysis with big datasets. This Artificial Intelligence branch allows not technical contexts to get benefits related to data processing and analysis. In particular, in medicine, medical professionals are increasingly interested in Machine Learning to identify patterns in clinical cases a...

Within the field of robots in medical education, most of the work done during the last years has focused on surgeon training in robotic surgery, practicing surgery procedures through simulators. Apart from surgical education, robots have also been widely employed in assistive and rehabilitation procedures, where education has traditionally focused...

Open Education (OE) opens up learning opportunities to, potentially, every person in the world. Additionally, it allows teachers, researchers, and practitioners to find, share, reuse, and improve existing resources under a dependable legal framework. Aiming to spread and foster the introduction of open policies in Higher Education (HE) institutions...

Ponencia invitada en el Webminar Ciencia Abierta en Educación, organizado por la Red de Institutos de Investigación en Educación (RIIE) el 8 de junio de 2022. El objetivo de esta conferencia se centró en definir el alcance de la Ciencia Abierta en los procesos de investigación actuales.

En el contexto del Plan de Formación Docente del Profesorado 2021-2022 de la Universidad de Salamanca se imparte el curso El Ecosistema de Información Científica y el Perfil Digital del Investigador, de 10 horas de duración, celebrado entre el 3 y el 15 de junio de 2022. Los objetivos de este curso son: Conocer distintas herramientas y redes soci...

Ponencia invitada en el Seminario Virtual “Experiencias Innovadoras en los Grados de Maestro en Educación Infantil y Primaria”, organizado por la Escuela Universitaria de Educación y Turismo de Ávila, dentro del Plan de Formación Docente del Profesorado de la Universidad de Salamanca 2021-2022. La ponencia se desarrolló el 2 de junio de 2022 de for...