Francesco Nicola Tubiello

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | FAO · Statistics Division

This is earth analysis at global, regional and country level based on the new FAOSTAT Emissions shares database. Data cover all IPCC sectors and in particular quantify emissions from agri-food systems within the famr gate, due to land use change and along supply chains, domestic use and waste.

National, regional and global CO2 emissions and removals from forests were estimated for the period 1990–2020 using as input the country reports of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020. The new Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates, based on a simple carbon stock change approach, update published information...

The combustion of woodfuel for residential use is often not considered to be a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in households since emissions from woodfuel combustion can be offset by the CO2 absorbed by the growth of the forest as a carbon sink (IPCC, 2006). However, this only applies to wood that is harvested in a renewable way, i.e., at...

Quantification of land surface-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 f...

The Sahel is one of the regions with the highest rates of food insecurity in the world. Understanding the driving factors of agricultural productivity is, therefore, essential for increasing crop yields whilst adapting to a future that will be increasingly dominated by climate change. This paper shows how meteo-climatic variables, combined with fer...

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets...

Despite an increasing attention on the role of land in meeting countries' climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, the range of estimates of carbon fluxes from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in available databases is very large. A good understanding of the LULUCF data reported by countries under the United Nations Framework Conv...

Excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the biosphere have disrupted the global nitrogen cycle. To better quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic N inputs, assess their impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of the planet and the living organisms, and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable development, we hav...

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise data sets...

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the fluxes of greenhouse gases and their temporal variability as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Paris Agreement and to inform its Global Stocktake. This study provides a consolidated synth...

Analytical Brief of the newest FAOSTAT Inorganic Fertilizers statistics, with global, regional and county analysis

2022 FAOSTAT Analytical Brief on the newest land use and land cover statistics, with global, regional and country analyses

Analysis of the new FAOSTAT Pesticides use and trade data, 1990-2020

New estimates of the contribution of global food miles to total food systems emissions 1 represent an important addition to recent work in this area, for instance in relation to the food systems emissions data published in EDGAR-FOOD 2 and FAOSTAT 3 , to which the new results were compared. The food miles estimates, built on national accounts metho...

Despite an increasing attention on the role of land in meeting countries' climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, the range of estimates of carbon fluxes from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in available databases is very large. A good understanding of the LULUCF data reported by countries under the United Nations Framework Conve...

Excessive anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the biosphere have disrupted the global nitrogen cycle. To better quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic N enrichments, assess their impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of the planet and other living organisms, and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable development,...

Livestock contributes approximately one‐third of global anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. Quantifying the spatial and temporal variations of these emissions is crucial for climate change mitigation. Although country‐level information is reported regularly through national inventories and global databases, spatially‐explicit quantification of c...

p>Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets...

We present results from the FAOSTAT emissions shares database, covering emissions from agri-food systems and their shares to total anthropogenic emissions for 196 countries and 40 territories for the period 1990–2019. We find that in 2019, global agri-food system emissions were 16.5 (95 %; CI range: 11–22) billion metric tonnes (Gt CO2 eq. yr−1), c...

Supplementary material to Tubiello et al. (2022) on pre- and post-porduction GHG emissoins

In support of the global stocktake of the Paris Agreement on climate change, this study presents a comprehensive framework to process the results of an ensemble of atmospheric inversions in order to make their net ecosystem exchange (NEE) carbon dioxide (CO2) flux suitable for evaluating national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) submitted by cou...

In this paper we examine definitions of ‘greenwashing’ and its different forms, developing a tool for assessing diverse ‘green’ claims made by various actors. Research shows that significant deception and misleading claims exist both in the regulated commercial sphere, as well as in the unregulated non-commercial sphere (e.g., governments, NGO part...

Despite an increasing attention on the role of land in meeting countries' climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, the range of estimates of carbon fluxes from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in available databases is very large. A good understanding of the LULUCF data reported by countries under the United Nations Framework Conve...

Despite an increasing attention on the role of land in meeting countries’ climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, the range of estimates of carbon fluxes from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in available databases is very large. A good understanding of the LULUCF data reported by countries under the United Nations Framework Conve...

Analysis of cropand extent and statistics for Brazil, comparing national and international sources including FAO's own reporting processes.

Fossil-fuel-based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate and from fisheries, providing information relative to the period 1970–2019, for both energy use, as input activity data and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Country-level information is generated from Un...

Agricultural systems are a major emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) that will likely continue into the future as the global population and associated food demand continue to rise. While there is potential to reduce GHG emissions with policy and management decisions and societal choices toward diets with lower carbon footprints, regional inventories...

Plain Language Summary Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important greenhouse gase (GHG) after CO2 and CH4 causing global warming. Among world regions, North America (defined herein as U.S., Canada, and Mexico) is the second largest source of N2O emissions globally, and previous source estimates for this region vary widely. This study aims to p...

FAOSTAT Analytical brief describing the 2021 update of teh land cover domain. GLobal regional and country trends are discussed, with a focus on herbaceous crops but also including analyses of grassland and shrublands, tree cover areas, wetlands and urban areas. Values from three independent global land cover maps (CCI, MODIS, COpernicus) are provid...

This is part II of the Progress Towards Sustainable Agriculture (PROSA) Methods developed by FAO, focusing on policy analysis whereas PART I was about the underlying statistical framework.

This is the methane chapter of the 2021 UNEP Emissions Gap Report

This is the third part of the FAO methodology to estimate GHG emissions from pre and post production processes along agri-food supply chains. It provides step-by-step guidance on the underlying activity data, food share coefficients by process, and gap gilling methods needs to populate the FAOSTAT emissions database. It is published in the FAO Stat...

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets...

Mitigating soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is essential for staying below a 2 °C warming threshold. However, accurate assessments of mitigation potential are limited by uncertainty and variability in direct emission factors (EFs). To assess where and why EFs differ, we created high-resolution maps of crop-specific EFs based on 1,507 georeference...

Methods for estimating GHG emissions from food waste disposal, a component of food systems emissions. Processes include emissions from solid food waste disposal in landfills, incineration, and wastewaters.

Food systems that support healthy diets in sustainable, resilient, just, and equitable ways can engender progress in eradicating poverty and malnutrition; protecting human rights; and restoring natural resources. Food system activities have contributed to great gains for humanity but have also led to significant challenges, including hunger, poor d...

This is the first in a series of methods papers detailing the estimation of GHG emissions form food systems components beyond the farm gate, for publication in FAOSTAT

The paper presents the outcome of a working grgoup on greenwashing, with a focus on cliamte change action and teh development of guidelines to help identify real asctions from ''marketing''

Agriculture and land use are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but previous estimates were either highly aggregate or provided spatial details for subsectors obtained via different methodologies. Using a model–data integration approach that ensures full consistency between subsectors, we provide spatially explicit estimates of product...

Fossil-fuel based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate and from fisheries, providing information relative to the period 1970-2019 for both energy use as input activity data and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Country-level information is generated from UNSD...

Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of agreement among different methodologies on the magnitude and trends in LULCC emissions and their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation o...

Input–output estimates of nitrogen on cropland are essential for improving nitrogen management and better understanding the global nitrogen cycle. Here, we compare 13 nitrogen budget datasets covering 115 countries and regions over 1961–2015. Although most datasets showed similar spatiotemporal patterns, some annual estimates varied widely among th...

This analytical brief summarizes recent trends and status for pesticides traded, used in the agricultural sector and applied over cropland from the period 1990 to 2019.

This is the FAO Analytical Brief accompanying the 2021 update of the FAOSTAT GHG database

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for global cooperation are at the heart of the global climate change and environmental challenges we face today. NbS can cut across the root of other challenges such as biodiversity loss, development challenges, increased migration, conflict and growing health challenges. This session will present how Nature-based Solut...

Improving estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from food production, supply, consumption, and disposal is fundamental to identifying effective policy solutions. Through broader awareness of the food-climate nexus, climate mitigation as well as resilience can be enhanced. However, work is needed to address knowledge gaps, promote better polic...

New estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the food system were developed at the country level, for the period 1990-2018, integrating data from crop and livestock production, on-farm energy use, land use and land use change, domestic food transport and food waste disposal. With these new country-level components in place, and by adding gl...