
Francesco CappuccioUniversity of Warwick · Warwick Medical School (WMS)
Francesco Cappuccio
MBBS MD MSc DSc FRCP FFPH FBHS FAHA
About
554
Publications
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
Education
July 2017 - July 2017
European Society of Cardiology
Field of study
- Cardiology
March 2007 - March 2007
January 2006 - January 2006
Publications
Publications (554)
Objectives
Observational studies that assess the relationship between salt intake and long-term outcomes require a valid estimate of usual salt intake. The gold-standard measure in individuals is sodium excretion in multiple nonconsecutive 24-h urines. Multiple studies have demonstrated that random spot urine samples are not valid for estimating us...
Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common, but underdiagnosed, sleep disorder. If untreated, it leads to poor health outcomes, including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Our aim is to determine the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of moving the testing for OSA into general practice and how...
The popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets is growing due to increased awareness of the environmental and health benefits of such diets. However, despite the consumption of meatless diets being associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases and mortality, followers of these diets are prone to certain nutritional inadequacies, which could limi...
The association between salt-related knowledge, attitude, behaviour (KAB) and actual salt consumption in Greek adults is uncertain. This study investigates the correlation between salt intake, gauged by 24-h urinary sodium excretion, with salt-related KAB. It further explores how socio-demographic factors influence these behaviors. Salt consumption...
Aims:
Comorbidities play a significant role towards the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), characterized by abnormal macrovascular function and altered ventricular-vascular coupling. However, our understanding of the role of comorbidities and arterial stiffness in HFpEF remains incomplete. We hypothesized th...
Objective:
To inform strategies aimed at improving blood pressure control and reducing salt intake, we assessed educational inequalities in high blood pressure (HBP) awareness, treatment and control; physician's advice on salt reduction; and salt knowledge, perceptions and consumption behaviours in eastern Europe and central Asia.
Design:
Data w...
(1) Background: Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Although a large body of evidence shows an inverse association between potassium intake and cardiovascular risk, the studies on endothelial function provided contrasting results. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the available int...
Globally, it is estimated that 10.4 million people die each year due to raised blood pressure (BP). Unfortunately, at least 40% of those with high BP globally are unaware of their condition. In the most recent UK and Ireland community-based data, 66.5% of people were unaware of their high BP(1). The UK and Ireland have taken part in the global May...
Hogas et al. recently published their perspective on dietary salt in a mini review [...]
(1) Background: Dietary potassium intake is positively associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. Several data are available on the relationship between dietary potassium intake, diabetes risk and glucose metabolism, but with inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies that explored the effect of...
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower cardiovascular risk. Adequate iodine intake is important to preven...
Purpose of Review
The scientific consensus on which global health organizations base public health policies is that high sodium intake increases blood pressure (BP) in a linear fashion contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). A moderate reduction in sodium intake to 2000 mg per day helps ensure that BP remains at a healthy level to reduce the...
The coronavirus pandemic has acted as a reset on global economies, providing us with the opportunity to build back greener and ensure global warming does not surpass 1.5 °C. It is time for developed nations to commit to red meat reduction targets and shift to plant-based dietary patterns. Transitioning to plant-based diets (PBDs) has the potential...
Introduction and objectives:
Genome-wide association studies have identified a high number of genetic loci associated with hypertension suggesting the presence of an underlying polygenic architecture. In this study, we aimed to dissect the polygenic component of primary hypertension searching also for pathway-specific components.
Methods:
The po...
Background
There has been a shift in paradigm proposing that comorbidities play a significant role towards the pathophysiology of the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndrome. Further, HFpEF patients have abnormal macrovascular function, potentially contributing significantly in altered ventricular-vascular coupling in these...
Purpose of Review
High dietary sodium is estimated to be the leading dietary risk for death attributed to 1.8 million deaths in 2019. There are uniform recommendations to reduce sodium consumption based on evidence that increased dietary sodium is responsible for approximately a third of the prevalence of hypertension, and meta-analyses of randomiz...
In the UK, heart and circulatory diseases account for 29% of all deaths (14% through coronary heart disease and 8% through stroke). In 2015, the prevalence of hypertension was 20% in the UK and 23% in the Republic of Ireland. In 2019, 14% of people registered with a UK general practice had hypertension and yet it was the attributable risk factor fo...
Objective
Strict vegetarian diets with no animal products are associated with low blood pressure (BP). It is not clear whether less strict plant-based diets (PBD) exert similar effects. We assessed whether less strict PBDs reduce BP in controlled clinical trials.
Design and method
We carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of all publi...
Objective
High sodium (Na) and inadequate potassium (K) intake are important determinants of high blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In Oman, CVD represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 33.0% of all deaths. However, there is no reliable measure of Na and K intake in the Sultanate of Oman. The aim of...
Background and Aims
Overweight and obesity in children have become a global public health problem. Epidemiological studies suggest that sleep duration may contribute to the incidence of overweight and obesity in all stages of life. China has an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, and sleep deprivation is common among Chinese children....
Objectives
To estimate population sodium and potassium intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB) towards the use of salt in adults in the Sultanate of Oman.
Design
National cross-sectional population-based survey.
Setting
Proportional random samples, representative of Omani adults (18 years or older), were obtained from all gov...
The aims of the study were to review the rapidly emerging COVID-19 literature to determine 1) the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and adverse COVID-19 outcomes and, 2) potential causal mechanisms 3) what effect COVID-19 has had on OSA diagnosis and 4) what effect COVID-19 has had on treatment and management of OSA during this pe...
The aim of this study is to determine (a) whether short sleep is associated with the incidence of obesity and (b) whether interventions beneficial for sleep reduce weight gain in preschool children. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane up to 12/09/2019. (a) Studies that were included were prospective, had follow‐up...
Objectives:
The consumption of strict vegetarian diets with no animal products is associated with low blood pressure (BP). It is not clear whether less strict plant-based diets (PBDs) containing some animal products exert a similar effect. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether PBDs reduce BP in controlled clinical trials....
Aims
To synthesise and investigate how sleep disturbances relate to psychotic symptoms, functioning and Quality of Life (QoL) in At Risk Mental State (ARMS) youth.
Method
A comprehensive search of six databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and CENTRAL) was conducted. Eligible studies provided data on sleep disturbances or dis...
The presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities and the known effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system have called attention to the potential implications for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. This evidence-based viewpoint will address two questions: (a) are individuals with underlying cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. high bloo...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Background
High-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) has been proposed as a marker of incident cardiovascular disease and vascular mortality, and may also be a marker of non-vascular mortality. However, most evidence comes from either North American or European cohorts. The present proposal aims to investigate the association of hsCRP with the ri...
Aims
There has been a paradigm shift proposing that comorbidities are a major contributor towards the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndrome. Furthermore, HFpEF patients have abnormal macrovascular and microvascular function, which may significantly contribute towards altered ventricular-vascular coupling in these patients....
Purpose
Leptin is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, insulin resistance, kidney disease and excess body weight). Experimental studies showed that leptin might affect serum uric acid, by modulation of the uric acid excretion. However, there are few observational data on the relationship between leptin and uric acid in th...
The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) is a coalition of intentional and national health and scientific organizations formed because of concerns low‐quality research methods were creating controversy regarding dietary salt reduction. One of the main sources of controversy is believed related to errors in est...
Excess salt and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Montenegro, CVD is the leading cause of death and disability. There is no survey that has directly measured salt and potassium consumption in Montenegro. The aim is to estimate population salt and potassium intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes...
The publication in the last few years of a number of prospective observational studies suggesting a J-shaped association between levels of salt (sodium) consumption and cardiovascular outcomes has opened a debate on the pertinence of population-wide salt reduction policies to reduce cardiovascular disease burden, and some have even questioned the g...
Excess salt and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Montenegro, CVD is the leading cause of death and disability. There is no survey that has directly measured salt and potassium consumption in Montenegro. The aim is to estimate population salt and potassium intakes and explore knowledge, attitudes...
Introduction:
Hypertension, particularly pulse pressure [PP] is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease. However, the effect of individual components of hypertension namely PP, systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] on kidney function, in the general African population is unknown.
Methods:
Data were collected on 944 participan...
Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa. In western populations, high haemoglobin levels are associated with raised BP unlike in Sub-Saharan Africa where there is a paucity of data. Our study examines the association between haematological indices with BP variables. Weight, hei...
Study Objective
To assess the prospective relationship between sleep and obesity in a paediatric population.
Methods
We performed a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane (up to 25th September 2017). Included studies were prospective, had follow-up >1 year, had duration of sleep at baseline, and measures of incidence o...
During the last decades, increased prevalence of hypertension, limited access to diagnostic procedures, and treatments with inadequate blood pressure control have been increasingly observed among ethnic minorities living in Europe. Consistent with raised BP levels, an excess risk of cardiovascular events is being observed among minority populations...
Background
Non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention strategies now prioritise four major risk factors: food, tobacco, alcohol and physical activity. Dietary salt intake remains much higher than recommended, increasing blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and stomach cancer. Substantial reductions in salt intake are therefore urgently needed. How...
PRISMA checklist.
(DOCX)
Research protocol.
(DOCX)
Full data extraction tables empirical and modelling studies.
(DOC)
A reduction in population sodium (as salt) consumption is a global health priority, as well as one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. High potassium intake is also recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease. To establish effective policies for setting targets and monitoring effectiveness within e...
A reduction in population sodium (as salt) consumption is one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and it is a global health priority. High potassium intake is also recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease. To establish effective policies for setting targets and monitoring effectiveness within eac...
A reduction in population sodium (as salt) consumption is one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and it is a global health priority. High potassium intake is also recommended to reduce cardiovascular disease. To establish effective policies for setting targets and monitoring effectiveness within eac...
Objectives: To assess the longitudinal evidence of a relationship between duration of sleep and both incidence of overweight and/or obesity and changes in body mass index in infants, children and adolescents.
Methods: We performed a systematic search of publications using MEDLINE (1966-2016), EMBASE (from 1980), Web of Science (from 1945), the Coch...
Objectives: To assess the longitudinal evidence of the relationship between sleep disturbances (of quantity and quality) and dyslipidaemia in the general population and to quantify such relationships.
Methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE (up to July 2016), complemented with manual searches. Studies were included if they we...
Renal tubular sodium (Na) handling plays a key role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. Several cross-sectional studies reported a positive association between higher proximal tubule fractional reabsorption of Na and BP, but no prospective investigation has been reported of this possible association. Hence, the purpose of this study was to estimate...
Changes in blood pressure for 1SD difference in fractional reabsorption of sodium at the proximal tubular level (linear regression analysis).
(DOC)
Eight year risk of incident hypertension for 1SD difference in fractional reabsorption of sodium at the proximal tubular level (logistic regression analysis).
(DOC)
Fractional reabsorption of sodium at the proximal tubular level stratified for severity of hypertension, after exclusion of participants in antihypertensive treatment.
(DOC)
The Article by Andrew Mente and colleagues1 raises serious concerns of the credibility and rigour of the review process. The paper methodology suffers from flaws that have been repeatedly addressed in the medical literature in recent years and that are ignored.2
The use of sodium concentrations from morning urine fasting samples extrapolated to 24-...
A reduction in salt intake reduces blood pressure, stroke and other cardiovascular events, including chronic kidney disease, by as much as 23% (i.e. 1.25 million deaths worldwide). It is effective in both genders, any age, ethnic group, and in high-, medium- and low-income countries. Population salt reduction programmes are both feasible and effect...
Scientific evidence to support the recommended salt intake of < 5.8 g/day is virtually non-existingent. There are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of salt reduction (SR) below 5.8 g on health outcomes. The effect of SR on blood pressure (BP) reaches maximal efficacy at 1 week. RCTs in healthy individuals lasting at l...
Objectives
High potassium intake could prevent stroke, but supplementation is considered hazardous. We assessed the effect of oral potassium supplementation on serum or plasma potassium levels and renal function.
Setting
We updated a systematic review of the effects of potassium supplementation in randomised clinical trials carried out worldwide,...
Background:
We have identified a strong association between daytime napping and increased mortality risk from respiratory diseases, but little is known about the relationship between daytime napping and respiratory morbidity.
Methods:
Data were drawn from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort. Participan...
CYP3A5 (cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5) expression stimulates the sodium retentive actions of the mineralocorticoid receptor causative of hypertension, probably by means of its ability to substantially increase the level of 6β-hydroxylase activity. Most Black individuals are functional CYP3A5 expressers, and this is a candida...
Background and aims:
Few studies have prospectively examined the relationship between daytime napping and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to study the effects of daytime napping and the joint effects of napping and sleep duration in predicting type 2 diabetes risk in a middle- to older-aged British population.
Methods and results:
In 1998-2000...
Repeated reviews of the evidence to produce recommendations for dietary salt intake have been conducted by independent committees of national and international scientific and governmental organizations. These recommendations support reducing dietary salt to less than 6 gm/day and many to less than 5 gm/day. Nevertheless, there is controversy about...
Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals1. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample1, 2 of 101,069 individu...