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Introduction
Publications
Publications (156)
Despite decades of studies on the differential distribution of polyploid organisms, the causes of this pattern have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore some of the possible physiological mechanisms explaining the differential northern distribution of polyploid clones of Daphnia pulex compared to the one of the diploid parental species...
Heart failure is among the first major consequences of heat stress in aquatic ectotherms. Mitochondria produce most of the ATP used by the heart and represent almost half of the volume in cardiac cells. It has therefore been hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunctions may be highly involved in heart failure associated with heat stress. The present...
A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilization and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. In...
Background
Life history theory predicts trade-offs between reproduction and survival in species like the northern gannet ( Morus bassanus ). During breeding, demanding foraging conditions lead them to expand their foraging range and diversify their diet, increasing the risk of reproductive failure. Changing partners may enhance breeding success but...
Understanding the relation of genetic and population structure with seascape attributes is essential to comprehend species dynamics, predict their response to climate change scenarios, establish conservation strategies, and define guidelines for commercial exploitation. This is particularly relevant for keystone and economically important species s...
A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilisation, and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. Ho...
A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilisation, and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. Ho...
Determining how and how often asexual lineages emerge within sexual species is central to our understanding of sex-asex transitions and the long-term maintenance of sex. Asexuality can arise “by transmission” from an existing asexual lineage to a new one, through different types of crosses. The occurrence of these crosses, cryptic sex, variation in...
This study examines the potential effects of linseed oil as a total replacement for fish oil in the formulated diet of Arctic charr, brook charr and their reciprocal hybrids. Muscle fatty acid composition, growth performance and feed utilization were evaluated on four experimental groups submitted to two different dietary lipid sources (100% linsee...
Determining how and how often asexual lineages emerge within sexual species is central to our understanding of sex-asex transitions and the long-term maintenance of sex. Asexuality can arise "by transmission" from an existing asexual lineage to a new one, through different types of crosses. The occurrence of these crosses, cryptic sex, variation in...
Bivalves represent valuable taxonomic group for aging studies given their wide variation in longevity (from 1–2 to >500 years). It is well known that aging is associated to the maintenance of Reactive Oxygen Species homeostasis and that mitochondria phenotype and genotype dysfunctions accumulation is a hallmark of these processes. Previous studies...
Genome size, known also as the C-value, has been proposed as an important determinant of life-history variation in numerous animal taxa. We assessed the relationships between genome size and fitness-related life-history traits in six species of interstitial marine annelids of the genus Ophryotrocha. Life-history traits and genome size data obtained...
The cardiovascular system is a major limiting system in thermal adaptation, but the exact physiological mechanisms underlying responses to thermal stress are still not completely understood. Recent studies have uncovered the possible role of reactive oxygen species production rates of heart mitochondria in determining species' upper thermal limits....
Background
Annelids are one the most speciose and ecologically diverse groups of metazoans. Although a significant effort has been recently invested in sequencing genomes of a wide array of metazoans, many orders and families within the phylum Annelida are still represented by a single specimen of a single species. The genus of interstitial annelid...
Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing rapid biogeographic responses to climate changes following the highest warming rates observed around the globe in recent decades. These drastic changes undoubtfully affect gene flow and genetic structure in the polar and subpolar regions. Here, we examine the genetic structure of the cold-water holozooplankto...
This is the sixth volume of a ten-volume series on The Natural History of the Crustacea. The volume synthesizes in nineteen chapters our current understanding of diverse topics in crustacean reproductive biology. The first part of the volume address allocation strategies to reproduction, gamete production, brooding behavior and other components of...
This is the sixth volume of a ten-volume series on The Natural History of the Crustacea. The volume synthesizes in nineteen chapters our current understanding of diverse topics in crustacean reproductive biology. The first part of the volume address allocation strategies to reproduction, gamete production, brooding behavior and other components of...
The thermal sensitivity of ectotherms is largely dictated by the impact of temperature on cellular bioenergetics, particularly on mitochondrial functions. As the thermal sensitivity of bioenergetic pathways depends on the structural and kinetic properties of its component enzymes, optimization of their collective function to different thermal niche...
Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex are two important model species in ecotoxicology. In daphniids, studies of the effects of contaminants have mostly focused on female life history traits, yet it would also be important to examine male reproductive traits, particularly in relation to endocrine disruptors. In this study, we developed a protocol that us...
Mitochondrial and nuclear genomes have to coevolve to ensure the proper functioning of the different mitochondrial complexes that are assembled from peptides encoded by both genomes. Mismatch between these genomes is believed to be strongly selected against due to the consequent impairments of mitochondrial functions and induction of oxidative stre...
Hybridization between closely related species can generate genetic and phenotypic variation, providing valuable biological material to assess the physiological impact of the structural or functional variability of different organs. In the present study, we examined growth rates of various organs and whole body in brook char, Arctic char and their r...
Monitoring the distribution of marine biodiversity is a crucial step to better assess the impacts of global changes. Arctic marine fauna is dominated by amphipods in terms of abundance and biomass. These peracarids are an important marine order of crustaceans but the number of species found in the different Canadian oceans is currently unknown. Fur...
List of potential species found with bPTP.
(XLSX)
The automatic partition results by ABGD with two X-values.
In red, X = 0.5. In green, X = 1.
(DOCX)
Common BIN identified in this study.
(XLSX)
Rarefaction curve showing the number of MOTUs found in each ocean according the the number of sequence sampled.
MOTUs are defined at 4% threshold.
(DOCX)
Rarefaction curve showing the number of MOTUs found in each ocean according the the number of sequence sampled.
MOTUs are defined at 16% threshold.
(DOCX)
Unique BIN identified in this study.
(XLSX)
Rarefaction curve showing the number of MOTUs found in each ocean according the the number of sequence sampled.
MOTUs are defined at 3% threshold.
(DOCX)
PTP species delimitation tree.
Red clades represent putative species. bPTP analyses resulted in an identical topology and putative species.
(EPS)
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis has seen a significant increase in both incidence and prevalence and its treatments show limited efficiency due to their undesirable effects on patient health. Therefore, major interests lie in the development of treatments with drugs derived from plants or other natural sources with little adverse effects as an alt...
During summer 2014-2017, wild mytilid mussels, highly infested with the pathogenic Coccomyxa-like microalgae, were collected along the Estuary and northwestern part of Gulf of St. Lawrence (Québec, Canada). Molecular identification showed that algae can be assigned to a single taxon, Coccomyxa sp. (KJ372210), whereas hosts are represented by Mytilu...
Cardiac mitochondrial metabolism provides 90% of the ATP necessary for the contractile exertion of the heart muscle. Mitochondria are therefore assumed to play a pivotal role in heart failure (HF), cardiovascular disease and ageing. Heat stress increases energy metabolism and oxygen demand in tissues throughout the body and imposes a major challeng...
The Amphipoda is a highly speciose order of crustaceans with a life cycle characterized by direct development and no larval stage, making them interesting models for studies on marine speciation. The family Hyperiidae Dana, 1852 is a strictly pelagic group of Amphipoda. In northern latitudes, free-swimming hyperiids belonging to the genus Themisto...
1. Ecological differences among species are usually associated with phenotypic differences that
enable species to lessen interspecific competition. Many cryptic species co-occur in
communities, thus raising the question of their ecological equivalency. In the case of freshwater
amphipods from the Hyalella azteca cryptic species complex, both eco...
Phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK and NFκB pathways, along with the resulting overproduction of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) is a hallmark of inflammatory disorders. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementations are known to exert anti-inflammatory properties by reduction of keys cytokines an...
This study assessed the thermal sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration in the small crustacean Daphnia pulex. More specifically, we wanted to determine if clones that inhabit different latitudes and habitats showed differences in the thermal sensitivity of their mitochondrial function. The experimental design included two clones from temperate en...
Genetic diversity in a single species and species diversity (SD) in a whole community are often interrelated because they are frequently influenced by a common factor or interact directly with each other. This study examined the effect of environmental and spatial factors on the distribution of clonal diversity in Daphnia pulex and of SD in zoo-pla...
Stable isotopes are a powerful tool used to study the diets of animals because they provide information on food assimilated over an extended period. However, trophic enrichment factors used to reconstruct diets sometimes vary substantially, even among animals from the same trophic level. The goal of this study was to verify if trophic enrichment fa...
Ecologically relevant traits can change over short time scales if they vary among populations and if they are heritable. Comparisons of quantitative variation for phenotypic characters and molecular traits can be used to indicate whether phe-notypic traits are under directional or stabilizing selection, or are changing as a result of drift. Many st...
Climate change is proceeding rapidly at high northern latitudes and may have a variety of direct and indirect effects on aquatic food webs. One predicted effect is the potential shift in phytoplankton community structure towards increased cyanobacterial abundance. Given that cyanobacteria are known to be a nutritionally poor food source, we hypothe...
The objectives of our study were to adapt a method to measure mitochondrial function in intact mitochondria from the small crustacean Daphnia pulex and to validate if this method was sensitive enough to characterize mitochondrial metabolism in clones of the pulex complex differing in ploidy levels, mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, and geographic origi...
The objectives of our study were to adapt a method to measure mitochondrial function in intact
mitochondria from the small crustacean Daphnia pulex and to validate if this method was sensitive
enough to characterize mitochondrial metabolism in clones of the pulex complex differing in
ploidy levels, mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, and geographic origi...
Background/Question/Methods
Many species are presumed to coexist stably by occupying different ecological niches. However, the existence of ecological differences among species of a community is not always clear. This is especially the case of species that are morphologically similar but genetically different, also called cryptic species. From a r...
During autumn 2012 and spring 2013, blue mussels Mytilus edulis (L.) with strongly deformed (L-shaped) posterior shell margins and green spots in soft tissue (microalgae) were collected from intertidal zone along the south shore of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary near Rimouski (Québec, Canada). Identification of algal cells infesting mussels as Cocc...
Transposable elements (TEs) play a major role in genome evolution. Their capacity to move and/or multiply in the genome of their host may have profound impacts on phenotypes and dramatic consequences on genome structure. The population dynamics and distribution of TEs are influenced by their mode of transposition, the availability of niches in host...
Despite the importance of polyploidy and the increasing availability of new genomic data, there remain important gaps in our knowledge of polyploid population genetics. These gaps arise from the complex nature of polyploid data (e.g., multiple alleles and loci, mixed inheritance patterns, association between ploidy and mating system variation). Fur...
The North American ecological species Daphniapulicaria and Daphniapulex are thought to have diverged from a common ancestor by adaptation to sympatric but ecologically distinct lake and pond habitats respectively. Based on mtDNA relationships, European D. pulicaria is considered a different species only distantly related to its North American count...
Phylogenetic relationships of the LdhA haplotypes inferred by maximum likelihood.
Numbers along branches indicate the percent bootstrap frequencies for bipartitions with greater than 70% support. To save space, haplotypes carried by many individuals are represented by a letter as follows: A, ESP-01_1, ESP-20_1, ESP-20_2, ESP-21_1, ESP-26_1, ESP-26_...
Phylogenetic relationships of the Rab4 haplotypes inferred by maximum likelihood.
Numbers along branches indicate the percent bootstrap frequencies for bipartitions with greater than 70% support. To save space, haplotypes carried by many individuals are represented by a letter as follows: A, ESP-16_2, ESP-20_2, ESP-22_1, ESP-22_2, GBR-03_1, GBR-03_...
Individuals of the Daphniapulex species complex included in this study.
(PDF)
Background
Transposable elements play a major role in genome evolution. Their capacity to move and/or multiply in the genome of their host may have profound impacts on phenotypes, and may have dramatic consequences on genome structure. Hybrid and polyploid clones have arisen multiple times in the Daphnia pulex complex and are thought to reproduce b...
Pokey RFLP haplotypes amplified from 41 isolates of the Daphnia pulex complex. Location codes are defined in Additional file 1. A one letter code allows differentiation of geographical regions in the same state or province: C = Churchill, MB, CAN; W = Winnipeg, MB, CAN; K = Kuujjuarapik, QC, CAN; M = Metis, QC, CAN; S = Sainte-Foy, QC, CAN. Taxonom...
Recombination events in 53 partial Pokey sequences. Recombination events were estimated using the maximum chi-square method.
Groups of recombinant Pokey sequences. The groups are based on phylogenetic network analysis (Figure 2) and recombination breakpoint analyses (Table
2).
Phylogenetic network of 58 partial Pokey sequences. The network was constructed using the NeighborNet algorithm. Sequences named CO_Scaffold_xxx were obtained from the v1.1 genome sequence of Daphnia pulex [
36]. Colors represent species or hybrid state of isolates: red = D. pulex, light blue = D. arenata, grey = D. tenebrosa, black = European D. p...
Description of Daphnia isolates included in this study. The labels of the isolates are composites of their characteristics. The first two letters represent the mitochondrial haplotypes (AR = D. arenata, EPC = European D. pulicaria, EPX = European D. pulex, MI = D. middendorffiana, PC = D. pulicaria, PX = D. pulex, TE = D. tenebrosa) followed by the...
Amino acid polymorphism in 40 unique partial Pokey transposase sequences. The sequences were derived from 53 Pokey elements obtained from members of the Daphnia pulex complex. Numbers at each position represent the number of sequences that carry this amino acid. Not all values sum to 40 as indels occurred in some sequences. The pink bar represents...
One possible ancestral Pokey recombination graph. The graph was constructed from 40 different Pokey sequences from members of the Daphnia pulex complex and shows 89 recombination events. Ovals at the bottom of the graph represent Pokey alleles. Ovals with a trifurcation represent putative recombination events. Colors represent species or hybrid sta...
The Hyalella azteca (Saussure) complex includes numerous amphipod cryptic species in freshwater habitats in America as revealed by DNA barcoding surveys. Two ecomorphs (small and large) have evolved numerous times in this complex. Few phenotypic criteria have been found to differentiate between the numerous species of this complex. The present stud...
Water fleas of the genus Daphnia (Crustacea : Cladocera) are key components of freshwater ecosystems , being primary consumers of algae and predated by fish and as such,
This review provides a synthesis of limnological data and conclusions from studies on ponds and small lakes at our research sites in Subarctic and Arctic Canada, Alaska, northern Scandinavia, and Greenland. Many of these water bodies contain large standing stocks of benthic microbial mats that grow in relatively nutrient-rich conditions, while the...
The co-occurrence of cryptic species of Hyalella amphipods is a challenge to our traditional views of how species assemble. Since these species have similar morphologies, it is not evident that they have developed phenotypic differences that would allow them to occupy different ecological niches. We examined the structure of a community of Hyalella...
Extrapair paternity (EPP) is described in many socially monogamous species, but within-population variability in its frequency is poorly documented. Availability and distribution of food may influence polyandrous behaviors, either directly by affecting the need for paternal care or indirectly via their effect on population density. We quantified th...
The study of genome size diversity is an ever-expanding field that is highly relevant in today's world of rapid and efficient DNA sequencing. Animal genome sizes range from 0.02 to 132.83 pg but the majority of animal genomes are small, with the most of these genome sizes being less than 5 pg. Animals with large genomes (> 10 pg) are scattered with...
Background:
Multiple transitions to obligate parthenogenesis have occurred in the Daphnia pulex complex in North America. These newly formed asexual lineages are differentially distributed being found predominantly at high latitudes. This conforms to the rule of geographical parthenogenesis postulating prevalence of asexuals at high latitudes and...
Previously used methods of investigating the temporal association of behavioural events have tested sequences of events for temporal clumping; such an approach does not quantitatively indicate the time scale over which the association is significant. We present a novel method of analysis that specifically identifies this time scale, thereby allowin...
The study of species complexes is of particular interest to understand how evolutionary young species maintain genomic integrity. The Daphnia pulex complex has been intensively studied as it includes species that dominate freshwater environments in the Northern hemisphere and as it is the sole North American complex that shows transitions to obliga...