Folorunso Oludayo Fasina

• DVM; MSc (Vet Sc.), PhD, PhD
• Country Team Leader, ECTAD, FAO South Sudan at Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

We analyse up-to-date epidemiological data of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria as of 1 October 2014 in order to estimate the case fatality rate, the proportion of healthcare workers infected and the transmission tree. We also model the impact of control interventions on the size of the epidemic. Results indicate that Nigeria’s quick and...

A highly sensitive and specific real-time PCR method was developed for the reliable and rapid detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV). The method uses a commercial Universal Probe Library (UPL) probe combined with a specifically designed primer set to amplify an ASFV DNA fragment within the VP72 coding genome region. The detection range of th...

Introduction Brucellosis, a neglected debilitating zoonosis, is a recognized occupational hazard with a high prevalence in developing countries. Transmission to humans can occur through contact with infected animals or animal products. Brucellosis presents with fever. In Nigeria, there is a possibility of missed diagnoses by physicians leading to a...

The nutritional and economic potentials of livestock systems are compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A major driver of resistance is the misuse and abuse of antimicrobial drugs. The likelihood of misuse may be elevated in low- and middle-income countries where limited professional veterinary services and inadequatel...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, partly driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions to influence behavioral drivers behind AMU practices. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) offer a structured approach to designing such interventions, yet thei...

Background Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden o...

Research typically promotes two types of outcomes (inventions and discoveries), which induce a virtuous cycle: something suspected or desired (not previously demonstrated) may become known or feasible once a new tool or procedure is invented and, later, the use of this invention may discover new knowledge. Research also promotes the opposite sequen...

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) represents a pervasive challenge in dairy farming, particularly in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where its detection and management remain inadequate. The condition, often undetectable without diagnostic tools, compromises milk quality, reduces yields, and imposes significant economic and public health burdens....

Summary Background Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also un...

Mortality in goats limits production and productivity, particularly in smallholder and extensive grazing systems, where resources for health interventions and management practices are often limited. This study investigates risk factors for goat mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression modelling at the Papua New Guinea (PNG) University of...

Background: Antimicrobials are used on farms to manage livestock diseases. In many developing countries, antimicrobial use (AMU) is insufficiently controlled, and antimicrobials are prone to misuse and abuse, thereby fostering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR remains a challenge in Kenya, and the extent remains unknown. This stu...

Recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been identified as a growing concern in livestock. Animals can serve as reservoirs for MRSA, and the bacteria can be transmitted to humans who are in close contact with animals colonized by MRSA. This study evaluated the prevalence, potential source, and vehicle in the emergence and t...

Anthrax has re-emerged in domestic ruminants in Nigeria with public health concerns. This study assessed stakeholders’ perceptions and preventive preparedness toward further resurgence and spread at the human-animal-environment interface. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Nigeria. Descriptive and analytical statistical an...

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce com...

Background Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the leading cause of acute disease incidence worldwide and contribute to a substantial health-care burden. Although acute otitis media is a common complication of URIs, the combined global burden of URIs and otitis media has not been studied comprehensively. We used results from the Global Burden o...

Introduction Pandemics are global health crises that have caused millions of deaths, enormous socio-economic disruptions, and considerable public and global health security consequences. This study assessed Nigerians’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding preparedness for the next pandemics. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based...

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is significant and an economic burden in Nigeria. To determine whether investment in NTS control is economically justifiable, Outbreak Costing Tool (OCT) was used to estimate the robust funding of public and animal health systems for epidemio-surveillance and control of multisectoral NTS outbreaks in Nigeria. Healt...

This presentation examines the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats and evaluates the effectiveness of fenbendazole treatment using mixed-effects Poisson modeling. Gastrointestinal parasites significantly impact livestock health and productivity. Fecal samples were analyzed to measure parasite eggs per gram (EPG) of feces. The mixed-ef...

Introduction Pandemics are global health crises that have caused millions of deaths, enormous socio-economic disruptions, and considerable public and global health security consequences. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Nigerians regarding preparedness for the next pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-b...

Background Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensiv...

African swine fever (ASF) has remained persistent in Tanzania since the early 2000s. Between 2020 and 2021, pig farms in twelve districts in Tanzania were infected with ASF, and ≥4,804 pigs reportedly died directly due to the disease with disruption to livelihoods. We conducted semiquantitative field investigations and rapid risk assessment (RRA) t...

Mortality in goats limits production and productivity. In this study, we investigated associated risks factors for goat mortality using analytical statistics. We evaluated risk factors of goat mortality from 2020 to 2023 at the PNG University of Natural Resources and Environment (UNRE) breeding farm. The study utilized non-parametric survival analy...

This cross‐sectional study determined the occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella strains recovered from chicken obtained from informal markets in Gauteng province, South Africa. The study also assessed the relationship between these characteristics, the source, the type of samples, and the serotypes of Salmonella i...

Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella infection (NTS) is an important foodborne zoonosis with underappreciated health and economic burdens, and low case fatality. It has global prevalence, with more burdens in under-resourced countries with poor health infrastructures. Using a cohort study, we determined the cost-effectiveness of NTS in humans in Nig...

BACKGROUND: Parasite infections, unlike regulated animal diseases, do not often receive attention. In fact, parasites are major sources of financial losses in pig enterprises, particularly in subsistence and small-scale pig production systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify the prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites among peri-urban free-roami...

Tanzania was one of the countries that were heavily affected by the 2006/07 Rift Valley fever (RVF) epizootic that affected the entire Eastern Africa region. In this study we used information on the geographical locations of the reported cases (abortions and serological data) to explore the eco-epidemiologic characteristics of the 2006/07 RVF outbr...

Abattoir workers are liable to zoonotic infections from animals and animal products, primarily to diseases with asymptomatic and chronic clinical manifestations in animals, such as brucellosis. No published reports exist on the seroprevalence of brucellosis in abattoir workers in South Africa. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to...

Livestock, particularly, small ruminant production is crucial in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and focused progressive research is needed to their husbandry, nutrition, breeding and health management practices. We evaluated the effect of farm management and host variables on the prevalence of internal parasites in goats and assess the efficacy of fenbenda...

Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) is a disease that affects and kills pigs in large numbers causing untold hardship to pig farmers. To limit the impact of this disease, it is important to collect samples from sick pigs, and conduct confirmatory laboratory testing to ensure that disease control measures are implemented rapidly to limit spread...

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a swine viral pathogen of substantial economic importance in pig farming globally. However, large-scale surveillance is needed to determine its prevalence and associated risk factors in the Nigerian pigs. We conducted molecular-based surveillance and mapping of PCV2 in southwest Nigeria to assess its prevalence and sp...

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a swine viral pathogen of substantial economic importance in pig farming globally. However, large-scale surveillance is needed to determine its prevalence and associated risk factors in the Nigerian pigs. We conducted molecular-based surveillance and mapping of PCV2 in southwest Nigeria to assess its prevalence and sp...

The impact of Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is ongoing despite the declaration that the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic has ended. In this study, we explore the prevalence of PCC among healthcare workers (HCWs) in four African Countries and its influence on their professional performance. This study was conducted as an online cross-sectional survey of healt...

Abattoir workers are liable to zoonotic infections from animals and animal products, pri-marily to diseases with asymptomatic and chronic clinical manifestations in animals such as brucellosis. No published reports exist on the seroprevalence of brucellosis in abattoir workers in South Africa. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to...

This study investigated various qualitative and quantitative indices of antimicrobial use (AMU) in companion animals (CAs) at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH-A) and its annex (VTH- B) from 2019 to 2021. For 694 documented animals, antimicrobial administrations (AADs) were 5, 278 times, of which 98.8% (5217) and 1.2% (61) were in dogs and cats r...

Aim Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a swine viral pathogen of substantial economic importance in pig farming globally. However, large-scale surveillance is needed to determine its prevalence and associated risk factors in Nigerian pigs. We conducted a molecular-based surveillance and mapping of PCV2 in the southwest, Nigeria, to determine its preval...

Introduction Operationalizing effective subnational veterinary services as major contributor to disease surveillance, reporting, diagnoses and One Health requires resources and mindset change. Here we describe workforce capacity building in animal health in Kenya and an approach that can be used to skill-up this workforce to respond beyond animal h...

Abattoirs are facilities where livestock are slaughtered and are an important aspect in the food production chain. There are several types of abattoirs, which differ in infrastructure and facilities, sanitation and PPE practices, and adherence to regulations. In each abattoir facility, worker exposure to animals and animal products increases their...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a challenge in Kenya, while the extent remains unknown. To assess the knowledge, cultural beliefs, practices, and behavioral patterns among multisectoral stakeholders in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021 among farmers, animal health service providers and AMR researchers. Regional d...

37 The impact of Post COVID-19 Condition is ongoing despite the WHO declaration that the 38 pandemic has ended. In this study, we explore the prevalence of PCC among healthcare 39 workers (HCWs) in four African Countries and its influence on their professional performance. 40 This study was conducted as an online cross-sectional survey of healthcar...

The impact of Post COVID-19 Condition is ongoing despite the WHO declaration that the 38 pandemic has ended. In this study, we explore the prevalence of PCC among healthcare 39 workers (HCWs) in four African Countries and its influence on their professional performance. 40 This study was conducted as an online cross-sectional survey of healthcare w...

This study investigated various qualitative and quantitative indices of antimicrobial use in companion animals at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH-A) and its annex (VTH- B) from 2019-2021. Antimicrobial administrations (AADs) for documented 694 animals was 5, 278 of which 98.8% (5217) and 1.2% (61) were in dogs and cats respectively. At the VTH-...

Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and chronic disease caused by mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in domestic and wild animals. MTBC strains infection has been confirmed in many animal species in Nigeria, including captive wildlife, cattle, dromedary camels, goats, and pigs. Despite widespread infection...

Introduction Physical and non-physical processes that occur in nature may influence biological processes, such as dissemination of infectious diseases. However, such processes may be hard to detect when they are complex systems. Because complexity is a dynamic and non-linear interaction among numerous elements and structural levels in which specifi...

Leptospira was investigated in kidneys (n = 305) from slaughtered livestock in the Gauteng Province abattoirs, South Africa, using a culture medium to isolate Leptospira, followed by the LipL32 qPCR to detect Leptospira DNA. The SecY gene region was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for LipL32 qPCR-positive samples or Leptospira isolates. The over...

In this paper, we couple a general-purpose infectious disease theory with a computational modeling framework to analyze strategies for avian influenza containment. We focus on virus transmission among domestic poultry populations to optimize and evaluate the effectiveness of three containment strategies and their combinations: reducing the contact...

Background: The non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) is a pathogenic bacterial zoonosis with substantial but often under-appreciated public health impacts. The NTS is prevalent in poultry and humans in Nigeria, yet its economic and social burden have not been determined through any empirical study. To bridge the gap, we evaluated the impact of NTS in...

Abattoirs have been risk points for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with far-reaching implications. We assessed abattoir workers' knowledge and risk perceptions in line with the Health Belief Model premise, and preventive preparedness towards the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identified factors associated with its spread at slaughterhouses. A struct...

Citation: Bwala, D.G.; Otekunrin, O.A.; Adebowale, O.O.; Fasina, M.M.; Odetokun, I.A.; Fasina, F.O. Abstract: The COVID-19 disease has infected many countries, causing generalized impacts on different income categories. We carried out a survey among households (n = 412) representing different income groups in Nigeria. We used validated food insecur...

The COVID-19 disease has infected many countries with generalised impacts on the different income categories. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a survey among households (n = 412) representing different income groups in Nigeria. We used validated food insecurity experience and socio-psychologic tools. We analysed the data obtained using descr...

Ectoparasites of dogs represent an important group of parasites. They often suck blood, cause pruritis, and could serve as vectors of many pathogens of veterinary and public health importance. In northeastern Nigeria, there is a lack of data regarding ectoparasites of dogs. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the external parasites of d...

Background Livestock farmers' attitudes, practices, and behaviors are major factors in infection prevention and control of animal diseases. Kenya has the fourth largest global camel population, and the industry has grown over the last two decades, transforming beyond the traditional camel-keeping areas to include peri-urban camel trade and value ch...

Introduction/ Objective: Local, national, and international health agencies have advocated multi-pronged public health strategies to limit infections and prevent deaths from SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19. The availability of safe and effective vaccines is critical in the control of a pandemic. Several adverse events have been reported globally following the...

Background Brucellosis is a re‐emerging zoonosis of significant socio‐economic, animal and public health importance. It is principally a foodborne or occupation‐associated infection of humans, whose effective control depends on maximum cooperation of high‐risk populations. Objectives The study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices relating t...

Background The Kenyan government has successfully been implementing sector specific and multisectoral projects aligned to the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). For operational readiness and to enhance the effective planning and implementation of Global Health Security Programs (GHSP) at national and subnational level, there is an urgent need fo...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) infected poultry in Nigeria in 2006. The outbreaks caused significant economic losses and had serious zoonotic repercussions. The outbreaks have also had psychosocial effects on Nigerian farmers. To date, empirical data on the effect of outbreaks on humans are scarce. In this study, field data on H...

Salmonellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing an array of health conditions. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) has a discrete adaptation to certain animals; in poultry, pullorum and fowl typhoid are its primary disease manifestations. The diseases are prevalent in Nigerian poultry and have been well-studied in Nigeria, but less so in North Central...

Objectives The degree of One-Healthiness of a system relates to the effectiveness of an institution to operate within the six main dimensions which identify to what extent it complies with One Health concept. This paper evaluates institutional compliance with One Health concept in 14 institutions from eight African countries. Methods We utilised t...

Salmonellosis is a bacterial zoonosis with array of health conditions. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) have a discrete adaptation to certain animals; in poultry, pullorum and fowl typhoid are its primary disease manifestations. The diseases are prevalent in the Nigerian poultry and have been well studied in Nigeria, but less so in the north centr...

This study determined the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of Campylobacter species contamination of chicken carcasses sold at informal poultry outlets in Gauteng province, South Africa. Within six townships, 151 chicken carcasses were collected from 47 outlets. Carcass swab, cloacal swab, and carcass drip samples were collected from e...

This chapter assesses the recent cases of COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. COVID-19, a global pandemic, is spreading so fast across all continents with African region not left out of its ravaging and devastating effects. Nigeria, on May 31, 2020, became the first country in West Africa to hit the 10,000 mark of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This recent spi...

Livestock intensification has facilitated antimicrobial use (AMU) with consequent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. We assessed AMU in beef farms, pathways for residues and resistance dissemination to humans, risk status, residues identification, and drivers for antimicrobial residues and resistance emergence in beef cattle production sys...

Understanding the epidemiology of canine parasitic infections, gastrointestinal helminthic infections in particular, is crucial for designing an efficient control programs targeted at minimizing the risks of zoonotic transmission. A total of 470 dogs attending veterinary clinics in Northeastern Nigeria were screened for gastrointestinal helminths u...

Background: Every year at least 59,000 people are estimated to die from rabies and more than 10 million are treated with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Over 99% of human rabies deaths occur in developing countries due to bites from domestic dogs. Large-scale mass dog vaccination programs can control dog rabies and, if sustained, can eliminate dog...

Background and aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an important opportunistic pathogen, is a Gram-positive coccus known to be resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Its virulence depends on a large range of factors, mainly extracellular proteins, such as enzymes and exotoxins, that contribute to causing a wide range of diseases in...

Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of Nigerian broiler grow-out farmers (n = 152) to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with a five sectional purposive-structured-questionnaire: demographics; knowledge; attitudes; risk-perception; and response to regulation of antimicrobial practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ch...

Background : The death toll and economic disaster caused by SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 is still on the rise globally and in Africa with a case fatality ratio (CFR), 2.58 from 220,958 deaths out of 8,556,890 cases recorded across the continent as of 14th November 2021. Local, national and international health agencies have advocated multi-pronged public h...

Local, national, and international health agencies have advocated multi-pronged public health strategies to limit infections and prevent deaths. The availability of safe and effective vaccines is critical in the control of a pandemic. Several adverse events have been reported globally following reception of different vaccines, with limited or no da...

African swine fever (ASF) has remained persistent in Tanzania since the early 2000. Between 2020 and 2021, twelve districts in Tanzania were infected with ASF, and ≥ 4,804 pigs reportedly died directly due to the disease with disruption to livelihoods. We conducted semi-quantitative field investigations and rapid risk assessment (RRA) to understand...

African swine fever (ASF) has remained persistent in Tanzania since the early 2000. Between 2020 and 2021, twelve districts in Tanzania were infected with ASF, and ≥ 4,804 pigs reportedly died directly due to the disease with disruption to livelihoods. We conducted semi-quantitative field investigations and rapid risk assessment (RRA) to understand...

Increased animal intensification has led to increased antimicrobial usage (AMU) with consequent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. This study assess farmers’ practices regarding AMU in beef cattle farms, explore pathways for AMR dissemination, establish risk status of AMU, and determine residues presence. We hypothesized socio-economic fac...

To rapidly prognosticate and generate hypotheses on pathogenesis, leukocyte multi-cellularity was evaluated in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients treated in India or the United States (152 individuals, 384 temporal observations). Within hospital (<90-day) death or discharge were retrospectively predicted based on the admission complete blood cell counts...

Live bird markets (LBM) remain a critical link from farm to fork in the poultry value chain, which oftentimes promotes indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) and resistance (AMR). In this study, we assessed biosecurity practices, AMU, and associated these with multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli in LBMs in Abeokuta, Ogun State. A cross-sectional surv...

Introduction Awareness-raising campaigns play a central role in efforts to combat drug resistance. These campaigns assume that knowledge deficits drive poor practices that increase resistance. Therefore, increasing awareness will promote prudent practices and reduce resistance. However, most awareness campaigns have been developed and evaluated in...