Floro Ernesto Caroleo

• Professor (Full) at Parthenope University of Naples

The tourism sector has grown almost continuously in recent decades, showing strong resilience even during economic slumps or in the presence of political and health crises. Yet the current state of uncertainty in the tourism sector due to the coronavirus pandemic situation has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism sector. This work is based...

The aim of this article is to identify the main mechanisms leading to the NEET status in Italy, Romania, and Bulgaria. It does so by highlighting the differences amongst them and verifying how place of residence effectively affects the connected propensity to this status after having controlled for many personal characteristics through a series of...

Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo,...

Licenza d'uso L'articoloè messo a disposizione dell'utente in licenza per uso esclusivamente privato e personale, senza scopo di lucro e senza fini direttamente o indirettamente commerciali. Salvo quanto espressamente previsto dalla licenza d'uso Rivisteweb,è fatto divieto di riprodurre, trasmettere, distribuire o altrimenti utilizzare l'articolo,...

The aim of this work is to apply a statistical method to measure regional gaps both in terms of structural disparities (sectoral, productive or labor supply composition) and labor market performance (participation rate and unemployment). To this end, a multivariate analysis method was applied that, starting from the main economic indicators of the...

In this paper, we analyse the main determinants of the propensity to NEET status in a selection of European countries. The NEET rate is the share of young people, aged between 19 and 30 years, not in Employment, Education or Training. In treating the 19–24 and 25–30 cohorts separately, our hypothesis is that for the younger cohort NEET status is ma...

Il focus del lavoro è sui sistemi turistici locali in Campania. L’interesse per un tale tipo di analisi è duplice: l’istituzione di aggregazioni territoriali organizzate in forme distrettuali è considerata un utile strumento di promozione di sviluppo territoriale dal punto di vista turistico. Dall’altro lato la Regione Campania rappresenta un inter...

This paper investigates on the most significant aspects of the school to work transition that is the period from the end of education to the attainment of the first regular job. During this period, young people are usually in the NEET status that is Not in Employment, Education and Training. The length of this period and therefore the time experien...

The aim of this work is to apply a statistical method to measure regional gaps both in terms of structural disparities (sectoral, productive or labor supply composition) and labor market performance (participation rate and unemployment). To this end, a multivariate analysis method was applied that, starting from the main economic indicators of the...

The Italian economy performs well below the EU average. The reason is a dramatic and persistent low rate of investment, always invoked but never supported by national and supra-national institutions. However, investment to increase the quantity and quality of human capital is key to boost economic growth and cannot be achieved without adequate fina...

Youth are a vulnerable category of workers, since they are in a delicate phase of their working life, the first entry in the labour market. Young graduates and early school leavers are involved in the school–to–work transition process, whose duration considerably varies across countries. In this paper we explore the impact of labour-market and educ...

This paper aims to survey the theoretical and empirical literature on cross-country differences in overeducation. While technological change and globalization have entailed a skill-bias in the evolution of labour demand in the Anglo-Saxon countries, instead, in other advanced economies in Western Europe the increased educational level has not been...

Youth are a vulnerable category of workers, since they are in a delicate phase of their working life, that is the first entry in the labour force and so in the labour market. Moreover, young graduates and early school leavers are involved in the school–to–work transition process (Piopiunik, Ryan, 2012) that is the period between the end of compulso...

In this paper we explore recent ISFOL-PLUS 2006-2008-2010 data available for Italy about height and weight of young workers with the purpose of analysing the relationship between measures of obesity and measures of economic performance. Among the latter, we introduce job satisfaction, both overall and for nine specific aspects, which has not been p...

The Italian process of flexibilization of the labour market has created a dual market populated by protected permanent employees and unprotected temporary workers. The latter comprises not only temporary employment relationships but also autonomous collaborations used by firms as low-cost de facto temporary employment relationships. Little is known...

AbStrACt: The authors aim to study the determinants and the wage effects of overeducation and overskilling among Italian pre-reform graduates in 2005. In the available data (AlmaLaurea data base). the former happens when the degree was not used to get the current job and the latter when competences acquired are not used in the current job. Overeduc...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to point to the inefficiency of the Italian educational system as a key factor of persistent differences between the distribution of incomes (skewed) and that of talents (normal), stated in the Pigou paradox. In fact, against the intention assigned to it by the Italian constitution, the educational system is des...

In this paper we study labor market transitions out of temporary jobs in Italy focussing on an interesting period of the Italian recent history: the one immediately following the last labor market reform aimed at flexibilizing and liberalizing the Italian labor market by a widespread use of temporary work arrangements in 2003, and immediately prece...

Labour market policies settled at the national level imply a 'one-size-fits-all' labour market strategy. This strategy might not sufficiently take into account region-specific economic structures. Whether active labour market programmes might asymmetrically affect labour markets at the regional level is evaluated. The results for Italy suggest that...

Purpose This purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue on vulnerability and discrimination among women, children and ethnic minorities. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the articles in the special issue which employ a variety of individual‐level data, some of which are newly available, and of econometric methods for th...

Come è noto da altri studi sull’argomento, l’Italia presenta una struttura sociale pressoché immobile. Un sistema d’istruzione che comporta costi diretti, ma soprattutto costi indiretti assai alti, è al cuore di tale immobilità. Esso, infatti, non riesce nel compito di ogni sistema d’istruzione pubblico, compito affermato anche dalla Costituzione R...

The new century has brought unprecedented change to the economic and political geography of the European continent. Most former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe have already joined the European Union. Other countries in the area are likely to follow in the near future. Entering the EU and opening up to world trade, Central and East...

This book was conceived to collect selected essays presented at the session on “The Labour Market Impact of the European Union Enlargements. A New Regional Geography of Europe?” of the XXII Conference of the Italian Association of Labour Economics (AIEL). The session aimed to stimulate the debate on the continuity/fracture of regional patterns of d...

The focus of this chapter is on the microeconomic foundations of structural change and its spatially asymmetric impact on labour markets. EU economies are undergoing dramatic industrial restructuring due to a number of causes, such as the Eastward enlargement and economic integration of Central and Eastern European countries, as well as a more gene...

Questo articolo individua nella scarsa esperienza lavorativa dei giovani rispetto agli adulti la causa principale delle difficoltà che essi sperimentano nel mercato del lavoro sia in termini di prospettive occupazionali che salariali. Gli economisti si sono divisi sul come interpretare le cause e, naturalmente, su come porre rimedio all'inesperienz...

Labour market policies settled at national level imply a “one-size-fits-all” labour market strategy. This strategy might not sufficiently take into account region-specific economic structures. In this paper we employ a panel factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) to evaluate whether active labour market programs (ALMPs) might asymmetrically...

This note aims to provide a theoretical framework to think of the youthunemployment problem and a classification of EU countries according to the way they address it.The key factor to explain youth unemployment is what we call the youth experience gap. To helpyoung people fill it in and ease school-to-work transitions, every EU country provides a m...

We use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine how body weight changes with age for a cohort moving through early adulthood, to investigate how the age-obesity gradient differs with socioeconomic status (SES) and to study channels for these SES disparities. Our results show first that weight increases with age an...

The aim of the present paper is to gain some insight into the causes of dropping out of school and, more generally, of the factors that induce parents to review their choices about their child’s schooling careers. To this end we apply to data from a school dropout survey insights from a model of sequential decision making by parents, where the init...

Recent studies on the causes that bring about the increase in unemployment rates of the Mezzogiorno area and Italy are mainly based upon demographic and social causes. The aim of this study is to verify if they can be also influenced by economic factors. Through a dynamic model with partial adaptive hypothesis, some ways by which demand affects the...

This short note aims to provide a theoretical framework to think of the youth unemployment problem and a classification of EU countries according to the way they address it. The key factor to explain youth unemployment is what we call the youth experience gap. To help young people to fill their experience gap and smooth school-to-work transitions e...

In this paper we focus on cycles and trends of some macroeconomic and housing market variables representative of the French economy. In a first part, we empirically show that cycles in the housing sector, measured by housing prices, housing starts, building permits, sales or residential investment, are strongly correlated to GDP cycles with a lead...

This paper analyses whether active labour market programmes (ALMP) have differing effects on unemployment and employment dynamics according to the particular region in which they are implemented. To this end, it analyses alternative theoretical and econometric models thought to capture the possible effects of active labour market policies on labour...

The main aim of this paper is to study European regional disparities in unemployment, considering regional productive structures and some regional institutional variables. It is widely known that one most important stylized facts concerning the EU consists in regional disparities among regions. Such differences relate to both income per capita and...

This book brings together up-to-date findings on the regional dimensions of European labour markets. It provides a conceptual and empirical study of the interactions between the European economy and its regions, paying particular attention to the issue of the transition of Central and Eastern European countries to a market economy. The topics analy...

The main aim of this paper is to study European regional disparities in unemployment, considering regional productive structures and some regional institutional variables. It is widely known that one most important stylized facts concerning the EU consists in regional disparities among regions. Such differences relate to both income per capita and...

In this paper We explain the regional unemployment disparities in Europe using a set of institutional indicators trough an Econometric Panel data analysis. In particularly the aim of t he paper is to evaluate if the regional disparities in the unemployment rates are due to different economy structure and/or to institutional rigidity of national/reg...

This paper aims at analyzing whether Active Labour Market Programs (ALMP) could have different effects on unemployment and employment dynamics according to the particular region where the program is implemented. To this end, the research analyses alternative theoretical and econometric models thought to capture the possible effects that active labo...

The paper analyses the labour market in a framework of New Keynesian Economics (NKE). The aim of the NKE is to provide micro foundations to the main result of the Keynesian model, that is the rigidity of prices and wages as well as the presence of non market clearing equilibria. In the first part it is shown how rigidity determines involuntary unem...

The results of the analysis confirm the thesis of those who contend that the European economy is a diversified reality influenced by structural phenomena concerning labour market characteristics, sectoral composition, and localization factors which make it unlikely that integration processes — although accelerated by the enlargement of markets and...

The European economy is characterised by marked regional differences. In this paper we shall propose some direct methods, using variables of the labour market, of economic branches value added to measure such differences and their evolution in time. In the first section we shall analyse regional disparities in unemployment, employment and the parti...

The aim of this paper is evaluating the impact of training on the employability of young long-term unemployed (18-24) within the EU. The analysis focuses on three countries representing different educational and training systems: Spain and Sweden are examples of a rigid and of a flexible sequential system, respectively; Germany is the best example...

Introduction The European Social Agenda defined in the Council of Nice declared: “social cohesion, the rejection of any form of exclusion or discrimination and gender equality are all essential values of the European social model”. Moreover, “employment is the best protection against social exclusion”, but “quality” in work, both in job characteris...

The aim of this paper is evaluating the impact of training on the employability of young long-term unemployed (18-24) within the EU. The analysis focuses on three countries representing different educational and training systems: Spain and Sweden are examples of a rigid and of a flexible sequential system, respectively; Germany is the best example...

This paper attempts a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the ability of the Italian Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) to target long term youth unemployed. The European Employment Strategy (EES) has given a new impulse to ALMP as the main tool to fight long term youth unemployment. It has also stressed the need for continuous monitoring an...

Differenze regionali nel mercato del lavoro in Europa (di Adalgiso Amendola, Floro Ernesto Caroleo e Gianluigi Coppola) - ABSTRACT: Negli anni Novanta, il mercato del lavoro dell’Unione Europea è stato caratterizzato dalla persistenza dei divari esistenti tra le regioni. Scopo di questo lavoro è valutare se, ed in quale misura, tali divari siano da...

Alcune considerazioni su "Laws and Economics" in tema di mercato del lavoro (di Floro Ernesto Caroleo) - ABSTRACT: Near consensus arose in the 1990s and still remains unchallenged that labour market institutions and government intervention bear major responsibility for having made European unemployment so high. The OECD and other international econ...

Le proposte di politiche per l’occupazione dell’Unione Europea sembrano in linea con la strategia individuata dall’OECD in occasione della pubblicazione del Jobs Study nel 1994. L’idea di fondo dell’OECD consensus è che l’alta disoccupazione europea sia dovuta alle rigidità delle norme e regole che operano nell’incontro tra domanda e offerta di lav...

Questo lavoro è parte di un più ampio ed articolato progetto di ricerca che – utilizzando categorie teoriche ed indicatori peculiari delle analisi sui differenziali regionali di sviluppo, nonché facendo riferimento al dibattito politico su integrazione, convergenza e coesione nell’UE – intende mettere a confronto sia gli indirizzi di fondo di polit...

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The persistent failure in the labour market is due to uncertainty and asymmetric information, and relies on a reconsideration of the bargaining process. This process is not generated by individual action but rather by the behaviour of social groups and institutions in which State intervention can immprove the efficiency in matching demand and suppl...

Since the beginning of the 1990s, the OECD Jobs Study has emphasised the role of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in reducing structural unemployment. Moreover, the European Employment Strategy, launched at the Luxembourg Job Summit and restated in the Lisbon strategy, gives ALMPs the task of increasing investments in human capital and of attr...

1. Introduzione Questo lavoro è parte di un più ampio ed articolato progetto di ricerca che – utilizzando categorie teoriche ed indicatori peculiari delle analisi sui differenziali regionali di sviluppo, nonché facendo riferimento al dibattito politico su integrazione, convergenza e coesione nell'UE – intende mettere a confronto sia gli indirizzi d...

This paper suggests that the insufficient work experience of young people as compared to adults is the major cause of the hardship the former experience in the labour market both in terms of employment and wages. Economists are bewildered as to the determinants of and as to the ways to cure the youth experience gap. Most of them believe that the ma...

Youth leaving school and searching for a job suffer of work experience gap. This is very similar to the skill mismatch that occurs after a shock of demand or supply of competencies: to adequate the supply of competences to the new needs, it is necessary to modify the education and training system which takes time and money. Young people face a simi...

In questo lavoro, dopo aver esposto i più importanti fatti stilizzati che caratterizzano il mercato del lavoro italiano, ripercorriamo i principali provvedimenti di politica del lavoro attuati negli anni Novanta. Da questa ricostruzione ci sembra di poter concludere che l’obiettivo posto dalle autorità sia riconducibile ad un concetto di piena occu...