Florence Dumas

Université de Nîmes, France · PLLH -Psychology, Letters, Langues and History

L’identité de genre, qui renvoie à l’identification aux rôles de genre (féminins vs masculins) et à la valeur qu’on leur accorde (Egan & Perry, 2001), est un facteur fondamental, en pleine évolution durant l’adolescence. En plus d’être une période charnière de l’adolescence, la scolarité au collège représente une période propice pour étudier le dév...

In most Western countries, girls outperform boys in academic engagement, scholastic achievement, and school completion. In the current study, researchers assessed the developmental trajectories of European French and North African French boys’ (N = 549; Mage = 11.9 years) perceptions of girls’ and boys’ ability to succeed in school. Boys reported t...

Research has suggested mixed results regarding the relations between dimensions of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) and academic outcomes. Furthermore, little scholarship has explored the mechanisms that underlie these relations. In the current study, we investigated the longitudinal relations of 2 dimensions of ERI (embedded achievement, and ethnic af...

Background: Lesbians, gays, and bisexual people (LGB) present high levels of suicidal ideation. The disclosure of sexual orientation is a stressful experience which presents a high suicide risk. Research has not paid sufficient attention to stress during this disclosure in order to understand suicide among LGB people. The aims of this study were t...

Trajectories of gender identity were examined from Grade 6 (Mage = 11.9 years) to Grade 9 in European French (n = 570) and North African French (n = 534) adolescents, and gender and ethnic group differences were assessed in these trajectories. In Grade 6, boys of both ethnic groups reported higher levels of gender typicality and felt pressure for g...

Many studies have shown phonological awareness to be a predictor of reading and spelling acquisition, but arguments that motor performance and manual laterality may also be predictors of literacy are much more controversial. We examined the links between manual performance, degree of laterality (absolute difference between the two hands) and litera...

Comparing oneself with others is an important characteristic of human social life, but the link between human and non-human forms of social comparison remains largely unknown. The present study used a computerized task presented in a social context to explore psychological mechanisms supporting social comparison in baboons and compare major finding...

Society for Research on Child Development Biannual Meeting, Austin, TX

Society for Research on Child Development Special Topic Meeting: Babies, Boys, & Men of Color, Tampa, FL

Performing more poorly given one's skill level ("choking") is likely in situations that offer an incentive if a certain outcome is achieved (outcome pressure) or when one is being watched by others-especially when one's performance is being evaluated (monitoring pressure). According to the choking literature, outcome pressure is associated with red...

In 2 field experiments, we relied on the very features of real testing situations—where both math and verbal tests are administered—to examine whether order of test administration can, by itself, create vs. alleviate stereotype threat (ST) effects on girls’ math performance. We predicted that taking the math test before the verbal test would be del...

Personnel retention is a major concern for French public hospitals. Human resources managers must identify the HR practices which have a positive impact on retention. The international academic literature on employee retention reveals a long list of such practices. Therefore, in order to de!ne priorities, surveys should be completed in each hospita...

Often taken for granted, the coexistence of benefits and costs of discounting and devaluing has never been tested. Yet, not only are there inconsistent findings about the relations between these processes and global self-esteem, but little is known about their relations to motivation and performance. Here we simultaneously examined how academic dis...

BACKGROUND: When a given option is presented along with 2 alternatives, similar to each other, health care professionals choose it more often than when it is presented with just one of the alternatives. This inconsistent decision pattern may depend on the conflict generated from choosing between 2 highly similar options. OBJECTIVE: To generalize th...

Consistent with social comparison theory (SCT), Blanton, Buunk, Gibbons, and Kuyper (1999) and Huguet, Dumas, Monteil, and Genestoux (2001) found that students tended to choose comparison targets who slightly outperformed them (i.e., upward comparison choices), and this had a beneficial effect on subsequent performance--a behavioral assimilation ef...

It has been speculated that the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE; the negative impact of highly selective academic settings on academic self-concept) is a consequence of invidious social comparisons experienced in higher ability schools. However, the direct role of such comparisons for the BFLPE has not heretofore been documented. The present stu...

The present study examined whether students ' perceptions of two major facets of parental and teacher academic involvement (i.e., academic support and academic monitoring), contribute to the process of students ' achievement goals adoption. French junior high-school students completed two questionnaires assessing first their perceptions of parental...

Blanton, Buunk, Gibbons, and Kuyper (1999) and Huguet, Dumas, Monteil, and Genestoux (2001) found that children nominated a social comparison target who slightly outperformed them in class with a beneficial effect on course grades - an assimilation effect, but with no effects on self-evaluation. However, big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) research...

This paper expands on prior research demonstrating the power of social comparison in Stroop’s paradigm. In two experiments, it is shown that the Stroop effect is reduced whenever the subject is threatened by social comparison, even in the lack of competitive instructions and comparison others during the Stroop session. These new findings show that...

The central question here is whether elementary school children compare their exam grades with other children in their classroom who perform slightly better than themselves, as typically do middle school children. Children in grade levels five through nine nominated their comparison targets in three academic domains, and a series of standard regres...

Social comparison research has demonstrated that upward comparisons can enhance academic performance (Blanton, Buunk, Gibbons, & Kuyper, 1999; Huguet, Dumas, Monteil, & Genestoux, 2001). Conversely, educational research on the big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) has implied that upward comparisons result in lowered self-evaluations of academic abil...

Recent studies using Stroop's paradigm have shown that word recognition processes can be controlled when the local context of the task is manipulated. In the present study, factors related to the participants' broader context (i.e., presence vs. absence of a competitor and of a desired reward) were manipulated. The results (1) support the conclusio...

The present chapter offers further evidence that the social context in which cognitive functioning takes place is an integral part of that functioning, not just the surrounding context for it. Three categories of social-psychological studies are reported. The first category shows that relatively simple social presence and social comparison situatio...

Blanton and colleagues (1999) found that children who nominated a comparison-target in several courses chose same-sex students who slightly outperformed them in class. This had a beneficial effect on children's course grades, which were also independently predicted by comparative evaluation (i.e. how the children evaluated their relative standing i...

In contrast with R. B. Zajonc's (1965) classic view about social facilitation-inhibition (SFI) effects, it was found that the presence of relatively unpredictable audiences and forced social comparison with a slightly superior coactor both facilitated performance in the Stroop task while inhibiting automatic verbal processing. Not only do these fin...