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Publications (125)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) magnetic stir bars are widely used in laboratorial, industrial, and biomedical routine activities due to their chemical inertness. Here the physical exfoliation of PTFE magnetic stir bars, previously revealed in specific experimental conditions, was confirmed in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the chemic...
The use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation could result in the release of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and their metabolites into the agroecosystem. In this study, we investigated the fate of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its metabolites, with the aim of clarifying their behavior in a soil–plant system in a greenhouse experiment. The res...
Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles, synthesized by in situ precipitation, have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic dangerous due to its capacity to enter ecosystems. The adsorption of SMX has been carried out in the presence of tertiary wastewaters from a depuration plant to obtain more realistic results....
Use of novel alternative compounds in agriculture is being promoted to reduce synthetic pesticides. An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of chitosan hydrochloride (CH) and COS (chito-oligosaccharides)-OGA (oligo-galacturonides) at concentrations of 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025%. COS-OGA at...
Microplastics are recognized as an emerging critical issue for the environment. Here an innovative chemical approach for the treatment of microplastics is proposed, based on an oxidative process that does not require any direct energy source (irradiation or heat). Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was selected as target commodity polymer, due...
A significant bottleneck for the industrial application of lipases stems from their poor stability in the presence of commercial triglycerides. This is mainly due to the inactivating effect of the products of triglyceride oxidation (PTO), which are usually produced when oils and fats, being imported from far countries, are stored for long periods....
Improving the sustainability of agriculture and, at the same time, reducing the adverse effects of synthetic pesticides on human health requires effective alternatives that improve the productivity while maintaining the food quality and safety. Basic substances are relatively novel compounds that can be used in plant protection without neurotoxic o...
Dyes are considered as one the most important classes of contaminants that threaten the environment and human life. The synergy between the adsorption capacity of chitosan hydrogels and the catalytic properties of the enzyme laccase was exploited to improve the removal of contaminants from a liquid stream. The adsorption capacity of a chitosan hydr...
The irrigation with treated wastewater is among the main anthropogenic sources for the release of pharmaceuticals (PhACs) into the soils and their translocation into crops, with possible toxic and adverse effects on humans. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be employed for the reduction of organic soil pollutants, even if their efficiency...
Two cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs) were synthesized using diamines with 6 and 12 methylene groups, CDHD6 and CDHD12, respectively, and used as adsorbents to remove 2,4-D from aqueous solutions. The physico-chemical characterization of the CD‒NSs demonstrated that, when using the linker with the longest chain length, the nanosponges show a...
Three tailor-made magnetic metal-ceramic nanocomposites, obtained from zeolite A (ZA1 and ZA2) and a natural clinoptilolite (LB1), have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfanilamide (SA), a sulfonamide antibiotic of common use, from water.
A patented process for the synthesis of nanocomposites has been suitably modified to maximize the efficiency...
Three-dimensional chitosan-gallic acid complexes were proposed and prepared for the first time by a simple adsorption process of gallic acid (GA) on three-dimensional chitosan structures (3D chitosan). Highly porous 3D devices facilitate a high GA load, up to 2015 mmol/kg at pH 4.0. The preservation of the redox state of GA released from 3D chitosa...
This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and sorption performance of cyclodextrin nanosponges (NSs). Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with remarkable amphiphilic properties, allowing for a vast range of applications. The synthesis of nanosponges of β-cyclodextrins was carried out using two uncommon cross-linkers: hexane1,6–diam...
and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, France Under the European Union aegis, a new round of non-competitive projects is being initiated via Euphresco. The topic description developed within the consortium created within Euphresco research coordination is the development of the basic substance for management of pests/vectors via natural c...
Naturally occurring substances or polymeric biomolecules synthesized by living organisms during their entire life cycle are commonly defined as biopolymers. Different classifications of biopolymers have been proposed, focusing on their monomeric units, thus allowing them to be distinguished into three different classes with a huge diversity of seco...
Mesoporous silica materials offer a unique opportunity for enzyme immobilization thanks to their properties, such as tuneable pore size, large surface area and easy functionalization. However, a significant enhancement of cellulase enzyme activity entrapped inside the silica pores still represents a challenge. In this work, we immobilized cellulase...
The enzymatic conversion of biomass-derived compounds represents a key step in the biorefinery flowsheet, allowing low-temperature high-efficiency reactions. β-Glucosidases are able to hydrolyze cellobiose into glucose. Wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) were demonstrated to be a good support for the immobilization of β-glucosidases, showing bett...
The generation and stabilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the superoxide radical anion (O2⁻), have a huge potential in environmental remediation and industrial chemical processes, but they still remain a challenge. Here, we elucidate the formation, stability and reactivity of superoxide radicals spontaneously produced on the surf...
Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels through enzymatic hydrolysis has become a promising strategy to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. β-Glucosidase (BG) is a key enzyme in the enzymatic degradation of cellulose. However, free β-glucosidase is relatively unstable, costly and difficult to recover. Immobilization of β-glucosidase...
Chitosan (CS) is a cationic linear polysaccharide consisting of D-glucosamine linked with N-acetyl Dglucosamine residues by β-1-4-linkages. It can be obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, a polymer found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and low immunogenicity, chitosan is...
Methylimogolite nanotubes (Me-IMO NTs, chemical composition (OH)3Al2O3SiCH3) are characterized by having an inner hydrophobic (fully-methylated) surface. Conversely, the outer surface is hydrophilic and positively charged below the point of zero charge (at pH = 8.6), due to the Al(OH)Al + H⁺ = Al(OH)2⁺Al equilibrium occurring at the outer surface o...
The use of humic-like substances, zeolites, various porous oxides (i.e., Al, Fe, or Si oxides), and magnetic nanocomposites in the adsorption of agrochemicals from water was critically reviewed. Firstly, the adsorbents were characterized from the structural, textural, and physico-chemical points of view. Secondly, the fundamental aspects of the ads...
An immobilization protocol of a model enzyme into silica nanoparticles was applied. This protocol exploited the use of the bifunctional molecule triethoxysilylpropylisocyanate (TEPI) for covalent binding through a linker of suitable length. The enzyme β-glucosidase (BG) was anchored onto wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs). BG represents a bottlen...
Liquid biofuel is a promising alternative to petroleum-based fossil fuel. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is considered as a potential source of biofuel since it is not food competitive always. Moreover, it has a wide range of sources, such as agriculture residues, forest residues, grass, and energy crops. Though the resources are abundant and readil...
The main issues related to the detection, monitoring, and removal of a heterogeneous class of water pollutants, occurring in the range of concentration between few ng L⁻¹ and μg L⁻¹ and often referred to as emerging contaminants (ECs), are addressed by making reference to the use of nanomaterials (NMs) in the aforementioned processes. Particular re...
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels explores the existing technologies and most recent developments for the production of second generation liquid biofuels, providing an introduction to lignocellulosic biomass and the processes for its conversion into biofuels. The book demonstrates biorefinery concepts compared with petro refinery, as well...
β-glucosidase (BG) plays a key role in determining the efficiency of the enzymatic complex cellulase for the degradation of cellulose into sugars. It hydrolyses the cellobiose, an inhibitor of the enzymatic complex. Therefore, the immobilization of BG is a great challenge for the industrial application of cellulases. Cellulases usually contains a B...
β-Glucosidase (BG) was immobilized by adsorption on wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) and on tannic acid-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (TA-MSNPs). The effect induced by a different morphology of the pores of the sorbent on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase was investigated. A complete textural and morphological characterizat...
The functional properties of metal oxide semiconductors depend on intrinsic and extrinsic defects. The population of intrinsic defects is strongly affected by the synthesis method and subsequent treatments of the material, while extrinsic defects can originate from suitable doping. Stoichiometric ZrO2 is a nonreducible oxide with a large band gap....
β-Glucosidase (BG) was immobilized by adsorption on wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) giving an active and stable biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of cellobiose. WSNs exhibiting both a central-radial pore structure and a hierarchical trimodal micro/mesoporous pore size distribution were synthesized. They were used as matrix to immobilize BG, obtai...
In this work the preparation of two samples of magnetic adsorbent from a zeolite precursor was described. This process implied NH4⁺ and Fe²⁺ exchange of zeolite A and its subsequent thermal treatment at temperature 600–800 °C, under a reducing atmosphere. These two magnetic adsorbents, composed of Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous sil...
Succinic acid is increasingly used in pharmaceutical industries, for the production of additives in food
industries, in agriculture and in refinery processes as a precursor of many chemical compounds among which
the most important is the succinate salt. It is also used as an ion chelator and surfactant, and for the
biochemicals production. Currentl...
A series of TiO2-based hybrid inorganic-organic materials was synthesized by sol-gel and characterized by thermal and spectroscopic techniques. The xerogels have an amorphous structure, with part of Ti4+ ions stably coordinated to acetylacetonate ligands. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer results in an extended light absorption in the visible range,...
Factors tuning the functional performances of the various TiO2-based materials in the wide range of their possible applications are poorly understood. Here the electronic structure of TiO2-based materials characterized by Ti³⁺ self-doping, obtained by a sol–gel route wholly performed in air at room temperature, is reported. In the amorphous hybrid...
A TiO 2 –based hybrid material (HSGT), obtained by a sol–gel route wholly performed in air at room temperature, was used as catalyst for the oxidative degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) and phenanthrene (PHE). Acetylacetonate ligand, used as complexing/sensitizing molecule, was added directly to the solu...
In this study, the oleaginous yeasts cultured in tomato waste hydrolysates (TWH) to produce microbial lipids that offer a suitable alternative to vegetable oils as feedstock for the biodiesel synthesis. The TWH were prepared by acid hydrolysis (2.5% H2SO4). To obtain higher growth rates, as well as higher lipid contents, Lipomyces starkeyi were cul...
The catalytic activity of an amorphous gel-derived hybrid TiO2-acetylacetonate material with stably adsorbed superoxide radicals (•O2-) has been assessed in two different reactions in water solution: the oxidative degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The former compound is readily decomposed at room temperature eve...
In conclusion, this work demonstrated that it is possible to obtain lipid yields of 0.21 (g/g total glucose) adopting pH control under SSF conditions, a value higher compared to previous known data [16]. The experimental results also suggest that the pH control is necessary to enhance lipids production.
[16] Huang C., Wu H., Liu Z., Cai J., Lou W....
Background
Bioremediation is a low-cost technology, whose efficacy is often enhanced with preliminary mild physical–chemical remediation methods. A further advantage of bioremediation resides in its eco-compatibility and, thus, sustainability. Two autochthonous microbial strains, Methylobacterium populi VP2 and Aspergillussydowii VP4, were isolated...
The removal of simazine from both pure and a solute-bearing well water was studied by adsorption on two solids: zeolite H-Y from the commercial Na form, and a porous silica home-made through the sol-gel technique. The pH dependence of the amount adsorbed in a closed system at constant total simazine content as well as the apparent isotherms of adso...
Hybrid sol-gel TiO2-acetylacetonate (HSGT) material has been synthesized via a sol-gel route. The as dried HSGT can be described as an amorphous polymeric network of titanium oxo-clusters on which surface part of Ti4+ ions are involved in strong complexation with acetylacetonate (acac) ligands. In this material a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LM...
The simple means adopted for investigating H-Y zeolite acidity in water is the pH-dependence of the amount of a basic molecule adsorbed under isochoric conditions, a technique capable of yielding, under equilibrium conditions, an estimate of the pKa value of the involved acidic centres: the behaviour with temperature of adsorbed amounts yields inst...
The hybrid sol-gel zirconia-acetylacetonate amorphous material (HSGZ) shows high catalytic activity in oxidative degradation reactions without light or thermal pre-treatment. This peculiar HSGZ ability derives from the generation of highly reactive oxide radical species (ROS) upon exposure to air at room conditions. We disclose the origin of such u...
In this work, we studied the removal of simazine from both a model and well water by adsorption on two different adsorbents: zeolite H-Y and a porous silica made in the laboratory by using the sol-gel technique. The pH dependence of the adsorption process and the isotherms and pseudo-isotherms of adsorption were studied. Moreover, an iterative proc...
Use of oleaginous yeasts for the exploitation of lignocellulosic biomasses
In the present paper, an experimental and model-based analysis is carried out to optimize the contact times of a batch stirred adsorber to remove the herbicide MCPA, a herbicide that causes serious environmental concerns due to its persistence in the environment. Mesoporous Al2O3 has been used as sorption material.
The study shows that a two-stage...
A discontinuous fermenter was used to grow the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi in the presence of hydrolysates of lignocellulosic wastes from Arundo donax. The lignocellulosic materials were first steam-exploded and subsequently treated with commercial preparations of cellulases and β-glucosidases, to obtain a mixture of fermentable sugar. A ph...
The oxidative degradation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acid (MCPB), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) by ZrO2-acetylacetonate hybrid catalyst (HSGZ) without light irradiation was assessed. The thermal stability of the catalyst was investigated by ther...
The intrinsic catalytic activity of a hybrid gel-derived ZrO2-acetylacetonate (HSGZ) material towards the oxidative degradation of phenanthrene (PHE), in aqueous solution and in the dark, was revealed for the first time. The HSGZ catalyst is a polymeric network of zirconium oxo-clusters on the surface of which part of Zr4+ ions are involved in stro...
The use of microorganisms to accelerate the natural detoxification processes of toxic substances in the soil represents an alternative ecofriendly and low-cost method of environmental remediation compared to harmful incineration and chemical treatments. Fourteen strains able to grow on minimal selective medium with a complex mixture of different cl...
In this manuscript, we report the isolation and characterization of two secondary metabolites produced by a
Gnomoniopsis castanea strain isolated in the Campania region (Italy) from chestnut galls infested with Dryocosmus
kuriphilus. The compounds, purified from the fungal culture filtrate by using preparative HPLC-DAD, showed the
same spectroscopi...
A discontinuous fed-batch fermenter was used to grow the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkey in the presence of hydrolysates of lignocellulosic wastes from Arundo donax (AD). The lignocellulosic materials were first steam-exploded and subsequently treated with commercial preparations of cellulases and ß- glucosidases, to obtain a mixture of fermenta...
The conclusions of a previous study (S. Esposito et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 11203–11210) concerning room temperature adsorption of simazine (Sim) on amorphous silica in water have been checked against a set of experiments in the range 40° to 60 °C, where equilibrium conditions are more likely to be attained. Adsorbed amount as a function of...
h i g h l i g h t s • Remediation of two polluted soils from a highly contaminated industrial site in Italy. • Restoration of soil quality by introducing additional carbon into polluted soil with humic matter amendments. • Detoxification of contaminants by covalent binding to humic molecules. • Prevention of environmental transport of pollutants. a...
The hydrolysis of phenolic compounds using an immobilized and highly active and stable derivative of laccase from Trametes versicolor is presented. The enzyme was immobilized on aldehyde supports. For this, the enzyme was enriched in amino groups by chemical modification of its carboxyl groups. The aminated enzyme was immobilized with a high recove...
High grade purified hydroxytyrosol was produced in small scale by recovery from three-phase olive mill wastewaters, combining a soxhlet continuous liquid–liquid extraction procedure with two chromatographic steps, which were consistent with silica gel middle pressure and percolation on C-18 phase chromatography. The highly pure orthodiphenol was ch...
The expected increase in feed and food demand, and the limited availability of productive agricultural land require the development of ecologically friendly technologies to remediate and restore polluted soils to their original agricultural quality. Here, we review innovative sustainable strategies which can be applied to remediate soil contaminate...
Simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) was adsorbed from aqueous solutions on three types of amorphous silica, one commercial nonporous and two sol–gel with different porosity. Adsorption takes place on both types of solids in a narrow pH interval around 5.5. This fact, pH changes along adsorption, and IR spectroscopic data concerning d...
The oleaginous yeasts Lipomyces starkey were grown in the presence of dairy industry wastewaters (DIW). The yeasts were able to degrade the organic components of DIW and to produce a significant fraction of their biomass as triglycerides. When using DIW from the Ricotta cheese production or residual whey as growth medium, the L. starkey could be cu...
Stirred adsorbers offer a number of advantages in comparison to fixed bed systems, as they reduce mass transfer resistances, pressure drops and fouling of the sorbent particles. Single-, double- and triple-stage adsorbers were designed for the adsorption of two herbicides, 6-chloro-N,N’-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Simazine) and (4-chloro-2-...
The performances of Nb2O5-SiO2 catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique in the epoxidation of soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide have been investigated. The most active catalyst showed a good activity in epoxidation reaction but also a low selectivity to epoxide. The low selectivity has been attributed to the presence on the surface besides the Lewi...
Removal of the agrochemical simazine from polluted waters through adsorption by zeolite Y in its protonic form was studied. The investigated parameters were: pH, time, initial simazine concentration and solid/liquid ratio. An iterative process of simazine removal from waters is proposed, featuring: (i) final agrochemical concentration well below 0....
The market penetration of the Ist generation biodiesel is limited by the relatively high cost of the feedstock (i.e. vegetable oils and animal fats), the insufficient availability of fertile land, as well as the social and environmental problems caused in different developing countries. New promising perspectives are offered by the hydrolysis of li...
A class II hybrid sol-gel material was prepared starting from zirconium(IV) propoxide and 2,4-pentanedione and its catalytic activity in the removal of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was revealed. The thermal and structural characterization, performed by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and diffuse reflecta...
Two mesoporous metal oxides, Al(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3), were evaluated as regards their ability to remove simazine, a highly persistent herbicide of s-triazines, using a batch equilibrium method. The effect of several experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration and sorbent dosage on the sorption of the herbicide was invest...
A single-stage sol-gel route was set to entrap yeast cells of Lipomyces starkeyi in a zirconia (ZrO(2)) matrix, and the remediation ability of the resulting catalyst toward a phenoxy acid herbicide, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), was studied. It was found that the experimental procedure allowed a high dispersion of the microorganisms i...
Lipomyces starkey were able to survive and proliferate in the presence of olive oil mill wastewaters (OMW), a medium difficult to process by biological treatments, due to the antimicrobial activities of their phenolic components. The microorganisms were grown in the presence of undiluted OMW, without external organic supplements, producing a signif...
A study was performed to assess the sorption capacity of the phenoxy acid herbicide, MCPA, on two mesoporous oxides, Al(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3,) by using a batch equilibrium method. Effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and sorbent dosage on the sorption of the herbicide were investigated. The collected data evidenced the greater sorption...
Dihydrogenarsenate [H(2)AsO(4)(-), As(V)] or dichromate [Cr(2)O(7)(2-), Cr(VI)] at pH=4.0 showed to be sorbed on a Fe(OH)(x)-polymerin complex and ferrihydrite to a greater extent than on polymerin, the organic polymeric fraction of olive oil mill wastewater (OMW). In particular, the maximum amount (x(m)) of arsenate sorbed on Fe(OH)(x)-polymerin c...
A comparative study was performed on the sorption capacity of the phenoxy acid herbicide cyhalofop on polymerin (from olive oil mill effluents), ferrihydrite, and a ferrihydrite-polymerin complex, by using a batch equilibrium method. The most efficient sorbent showed to be ferrihydrite followed by the ferrihydrite-polymerin complex and polymerin. C...
This study investigated the sorption of paraquat and 2,4-D on polymerin, the humic acid-like fraction of olive mill wastewater. Effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and sorbent dosage on the sorption of both herbicides were studied. The sorption mechanism of paraquat on polymerin was consistent with the ion exchange of this herbicide...
Three alpha-elicitins, named hibernalin1, hibernalin2 and hibernalin3 (hib1, hib2 and hib3, respectively), were isolated by reverse phase-low-pressure liquid chromatography from culture filtrates of Phytophthora hibernalis Carne 1925, the causal agent of citrus lemon brown rot. Hib1 proved to be identical to syringicin previously isolated from cult...
Olive mill waste waters (OMWW) and olive mill solid-liquid waste (OMW) are by-products of three-phase and two-phase olive oil processing plants, respectively. Both these materials cause disposal problems because of their highly polluting load. However, these wastes may also be regarded as an inexpensive source of inorganic and organic compounds to...
Dry olive mill residue (DOR) from the olive oil production by two phase centrifugation system was fractionated by a consecutive continuous solid-liquid extraction obtaining the EAF, PF, MF and WF fractions with ethyl acetate, n-propanol, methanol and water, respectively. The chemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses showed EAF, PF a...
Some saprobe fungi (Phlebia radiata, Trametes versicolor, Coriolopsis rigida, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Fomes sclerodermus or Pleurotus pulmonarius) were able to bioconvert the ethyl acetate fraction (DEAF) and the corresponding aqueous exhausted fraction (EAF) of dry olive mill residue (DOR), reducing their phytotoxicity on Lepidium sativum seeds....
A hydroxytyrosol triacetyl derivative was very efficiently produced as a highly pure stabilized antioxidant compound by a short treatment of olive mill waste water (OMWW) organic extracts, rich in hydroxytyrosol, with an acetylating mixture composed of HClO4-SiO2 and Ac2O (Chakborti and Gulhane reaction), in mild and safe conditions. A successive s...
Chemically stable di- and triacetyl derivatives of the natural o-diphenol antioxidant hydroxytyrosol were synthesized, and their chemical and biological antioxidant activities were assessed in comparison with that of the native synthetic compound. The chemical antioxidant activity of the selected compounds was evaluated by measuring the ferric redu...
A study on the individual sorption of Cr(III), Cu, and Zn on polymerin, the humic-acid-like fraction of olive mill wastewater, and its derivatives, K-polymerin and an Fe(OH)x-polymerin complex, showed that these heavy metals were strongly sorbed on polymerin and K-polymerin in the order Cr(III) > Cu > Zn. The sorption on Fe(OH)x-polymerin was to a...
The influence of air-drying on dehydrogenase, invertase, -glucosidase, urease, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and phenoloxidase activities was measured in three soils affected by anthropogenic activities and in control soils sampled from neighbouring areas. The air-drying changed enzyme activity, but the behaviour was neither site-specific nor enzyme-...
The transformation by an oxidoreductase (a laccase from Rhus vernificera) of a mixture of four phenols (catechol, methylcatechol, m-tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol) that simulates a typical wastewater derived from an olive oil factory was investigated. Results achieved in this study confirm that laccase-mediated transformation of phenols depends on the...
