Filip Górski

• PhD Eng.
• Professor (Assistant) at Poznań University of Technology

Additive manufacturing is a transformative approach to industrial production that enables the creation of lighter, more complex shapes, and robust parts. This study fabricates E-glass and natural silk fabric-reinforced composites using the digital light processing-based Vat-photopolymerization 3D printing technique. Several reinforced layers are in...

Background/Objectives: Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis require emotional support to change their experience of their desired body shape and to feel optimistic about the cosmetic results of surgical treatment. Recently, the use of virtual reality in psychological assessment and treatment has given specialists a technology that appears particul...

The article presents analysis of mechanical properties of specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The four of considered materials are the well-known 3D printing filaments i.e., polylactide (PLA), Nylon 12 (PA12), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G). The other four of the considered mate...

Patient-specific 3D models of the human mandible are finding increasing utility in medical fields such as oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, dentistry, and forensic sciences. The efficient creation of personalized 3D bone models poses a key challenge in these applications. Existing solutions often rely on 3D statistical models of human b...

Background/Objectives: The aim of the project is a longitudinal assessment of body image and mental health in scoliosis females pre-, postoperatively and in a follow-up, and implementation (one group-CBT scoliosis sample, CBTSS) or not (second group-control scoliosis sample, CSS) of CBT interventions. A healthy female sample (HFS) was also selected...

The aim of this study was to design and verify in practice a low-cost mechatronic actuated prosthetic device for the upper limb. First, a mechanical prosthesis was built for a test patient – an 40-year male patient with transradial amputation. Automated design methods were applied, using the AutoMedPrint technology. Then, the prosthesis was convert...

Additive manufacturing reports on technology development indicate medicine as one of the four main areas of application of 3D printing. Anatomical models are understood as products presenting the individual anatomy of an organ and pathology occurring in a patient. These objects manufactured using additive manufacturing methods are used in several i...

Purpose The development of new advanced materials, such as photopolymerizable resins for use in stereolithography (SLA) and Ti6Al4V manufacture via selective laser melting (SLM) processes, have gained significant attention in recent years. Their accuracy, multi-material capability and application in novel fields, such as implantology, biomedical, a...

The progressive development of medical technology and medicine allows to increase the level of personalization of medical procedures and implement an individual approach to each case and patient. Adjusting the treatment to a specific patient translates into improved convalescence, shortening the time of surgery and increasing the confidence of doct...

The paper focuses on developing therapeutic hand orthosis for a 13-year old patient with a congenital paresis of his right arm, resulting in permanent wrist dislocation and problems with performing daily activities. The orthosis was built using the automated workflow of AutoMedPrint system, developed at Poznan University of Technology. Both arms we...

Individualized orthopedic supplies are currently produced mostly by manual means – using negative and positive casts of patients’ limbs and manual work of orthotic technicians. This is neither quick nor cheap, and thus availability of specialized orthotics for people with special needs is low. The progressive development of medical technology and m...

Advancements in materials science and 3D printing technologies have opened up new avenues for developing low-cost robotic grippers with high-performance capabilities, making them suitable for various biomechatronic applications. In this research, it has been explored the utilization of high-performance polymer materials, such as Polyetherketoneketo...

This article presents the process of development, testing, and use of wrist–hand orthosis in the hand therapy of a teen patient with congenital paresis disease. A regular 3D-printed anatomically adjusted orthosis is modified with a set of sensors, to work as motion and interaction controller in virtual reality (VR). As the patient with this conditi...

This paper presents the outcomes of investigations conducted on the development procedure of a personalized prosthetic device for an adult patient. The individualization is achieved through 3D scanning, followed by semi-automated design using the AutoMedPrint system, and low-cost fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology for 3D printing. The pros...

In order to gain a market advantage these days, companies must adapt to a market situation in which it is the customer who makes demands on manufacturers. With this in mind, product customization, i.e. offering products according to individual specifications or customer preferences, is becoming increasingly important. This means that more and more...

Proper fixation techniques are crucial in orthopedic surgery for the treatment of various medical conditions. Fractures of the distal humerus can occur due to either high-energy trauma with skin rupture or low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone. The recommended surgical approach for treating these extra-articular distal humerus fractures involves p...

The human body is often affected by some pathological processes or illnesses. In many cases, it is necessary to perform surgical intervention, sometimes in a very short period. Computer-Assisted Surgery - CAS defines a set of techniques that use computers and other devices for planning, guiding, and performing surgical interventions, and can greatl...

Featured Application The work presented in this paper will be applied in the process of design and the production of customized, low-cost upper limb prostheses, using the AutoMedPrint technology. The developed extended reality (XR) applications will be used for training and facilitating communication with customers. Abstract This paper presents re...

The methods of additive manufacturing of anatomical models are widely used in medical practice, including physician support, education and planning of treatment procedures. The aim of the review was to identify the area of additive manufacturing and the application of anatomical models, imitating both soft and hard tissue. The paper outlines the mo...

The article features the quality tools presentation and selection system for solving problems in production processes using the Virtual Reality (VR) technique. The main goal of the Authors' application is to facilitate the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge related to the use of quality tools in SMEs' everyday industrial practice. The soluti...

Risk analysis of personalized medical devices, such as prostheses, is a challenging task due to the complexity of technological and geometrical issues. The paper undertakes a process of risk analysis for upper limb prostheses for adult patients, individualized by 3D scanning and produced by additive manufacturing. The analysis was performed to syst...

Growing age and different conditions often require the replacement of orthoses, and FDM-based 3D printing can produce them quickly with less investment. In today's market for orthotics, these characteristics are highly desired. Therefore, this study is fully focused on the optimization and strength analysis of FDM 3D-printed ankle-foot orthoses (AF...

In the last years, additive manufacturing technologies have been developed, especially direct metal laser sintering, and used in the dental and medical implant domains. Cardiovascular stents have evolved from bioinert, bare metal cages to biomimetic devices that promote tissue regeneration or healing. In this paper, comparisons concerning mechanica...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the AutoMedPrint system, which is used for automated design and rapid production of orthopaedic and prosthetic devices based on anthropometric measurements. The system was tested on a group of 21 patients. Research has been conducted to determine their needs and expectations. In the first step, anthropometric d...

Research on the use of individualized anatomical models imitating soft tissues covers more and more areas of medicine. Currently, scientists are focusing on organs such as the heart, kidneys and liver. Tests involving the soft tissues of the oral cavity, for example the tongue, are much less frequent. The article compares various approaches to the...

The paper presents studies on design and additive manufacturing of individualized ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for a patient with a spina bifida. Main aim of the presented research and practical work was to design a functioning, stable and usable pair of 3D printed leg orthoses, which could be used for walking, as well as swimming and performing vari...

The paper presents studies on a prototype of a virtual mirror application, intended to aid the design process of individualized orthopedic supplies, such as limb orthoses or prostheses. The application is a part of an automated design and manufacturing system, relying on 3D scanning and 3D printing for manufacturing of supplies adjusted to specific...

The article presents the results of works aimed at evaluation of Mixed Reality equipment for various industrial applications. The technical parameters and the existing limitations of the 15 MR devices that appeared on the market in the last two years was analyzed and compared. As a result, an overall equipment ranking was developed, as well as an e...

Industry 4.0 forces increased digitization, production flexibility, improvement of employee competences and integration of employees and IT systems within an enterprise. To this end, state-of-the-art systems and IT solutions, such as the Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), are implemented. New systems must be integrated with the existi...

The article presents the possibility of compensating for the negative impact of filament humidity on the mechanical properties of parts produced by the FDM method by selecting appropriate process parameters, such as: layer thickness, deposition speed, deposition temperature and chamber temperature. The rules for selecting the process parameters wer...

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on a batch of additively manufactured customized prosthetic sockets for upper limbs, made of thermoplastics and designed automatically on the basis of a 3D-scanned limb of a 3-year-old patient. The aim of this work was to compare sockets made of two different materials—rigid PLA and elastic T...

Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality applications can be used as tools to improve the competence of technical service employees. The paper describes results of the first stage of developing a VR training system dedicated to electricians working for one of Poland’s major electricity providers. Three methods of interaction with the virtual environmen...

Domain-specific knowledge representation is an essential element of efficient management of professional training. Formal and powerful knowledge representation for training systems can be built upon the semantic web standards, which enable reasoning and complex queries against the content. Virtual reality training is currently used in multiple doma...

The paper presents a comparison between the traditional and modern process of production of customized ankle-foot orthoses, assuming automation of the latter, and taking into account the environmental impact of both methods. Both processes are presented. The authors’ proposal of a new, automated way of designing and producing the orthoses using add...

The article discusses the results of work to assess the readiness of Polish industrial companies to apply augmented reality technology in practice. As part of the work, a tool in the form of a survey was prepared, available online as a digital survey, and a mobile application. The survey contains several dozen questions divided into sections, and n...

Virtual reality can be an effective tool for professional training, especially in the case of complex scenarios, which performed in reality may pose a high risk for the trainee. However, efficient use of VR in practical everyday training requires efficient and easy-to-use methods of designing complex interactive scenarios. In this paper, we propose...

The article describes the experimental and simulation research on the material properties of the individualized wrist orthoses produced in the additive manufacturing (AM) process by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The authors produced a series of standard (normalized) samples for three-point bending from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene...

The paper presents results of research conducted on a batch of additively manufactured individualized openwork wrist-hand orthoses made of thermoplastics and designed automatically based on 3D-scanned geometry of a given patient. The aim of the work was to establish an automated design process and find a reliable set of parameters for rapid and aff...

The article presents the results of research on the impact of virtual reality on the effectiveness of training employees performing production tasks. The research was carried out in the Smart Factory laboratory, which is a model of a smart factory functioning in accordance with the concept of Industry 4.0. A prototype VR system and its building pro...

The paper presents development and studies of an intelligent CAD (Computer Aided Design) model of an openwork wrist orthosis. The key feature is customization capability on the basis of shape and size of patient’s hand and arm. A patient is first 3D scanned using a cheap structured light scanner. Then, the gathered anthropometric data is used as a...

Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, especially during last few years, become one of the most common tool in creating objects with complicated geometry and in small production as well. Intensive use of these technologies shall be noted in areas like military, transport and general production but also in medicine. Presurgical support and preparation...

The paper presents design and manufacturing process of an individualized wrist orthosis. The patient’s upper limb was 3D scanned and the orthosis was design using a CAD system. Each part of the orthosis consists of two different materials, that fulfill different functions. By using the double-head Fused Deposition Modelling machine it was possible...

Pre-operative preparation of the surgeon is more and more often extended to individual patient's anatomical models depicting the ill organ and the existing change in relation to the surrounding structures (e.g. blood vessels). Among the models there are models of the skeletal system, to which the FFF technology is used. Models of parenchymal organs...

The paper presents main areas of Industry 4.0 concept with regard to specificity and complexity of foundry processes. Data mining tools are discussed in terms of the possibilities and limitations of their application in Smart Factories. Data acquisition methods are described and the potential areas of restrictions in Internet implementation of thin...

The main problem addressed in this paper is the use and evaluation of low-cost additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques and CT images as tools for manufacture of usable and individualized, anatomically correct models, assisting surgeons in their daily work. The authors formulate own methodology of design and additive manufacturing of medical...

The paper presents development and test procedure of a Virtual Reality application for training of practical skills. The presented case pertains to operation of forklifts. Need for the application is explained, as well as basic ideas, concepts of knowledge forms and organization of the virtual course. The test procedure is presented, along with obt...

The paper presents results of preliminary studies on possibilities of using low – cost devices to train operators of production line on how to perform a simple assembly task in Virtual Reality. Two different approaches to manipulate virtual objects without haptic feedback were compared and tested. The overall time and successful rate was measured f...

This article presents the research on the efficiency of performance of automatic design of variant products system, including the process of product variant configuration, preparation of the 3D model in CAD system and the preparation of the assembly instructions for the manufacturing positions. The variants of the described product take the form of...

The paper presents possibility of using a low-cost Fused Deposition Modelling process, realized by MakerBot Replicator 2X machine, in comparison with a professional one – realized by Dimension BST 1200 machine – to build tooling for an innovative training simulation, in accordance with Industry 4.0 guidelines. A physical object was manufactured and...

This paper presents practical results of a new, open approach to knowledge formalization and management in Virtual Reality applications for use in industry, especially in design and training purposes. Idea of applications with open access to knowledge is presented. Three cases of VR systems are shown – two for the design and one for training, all i...

The paper presents results of experimental studies of how cyber sickness (also known as the simulator sickness) can influence basic tasks performed by users of industrial VR (virtual reality) training simulations. Two application cases are presented – a simple walk around a virtual environment using two different movement possibilities and a more c...

The article presents the use of VR tools for creating virtual simulations in which construction and functionality of production machines can be observed. As examples, the CNC machine feed drive and the Delta robot were presented. A virtual CNC machine was used to visualize its operation in the EON Studio environment. This visualization enabled a ge...

Purpose This paper aims to study strength properties and accuracy of a new type of composites, in which matrix is manufactured additively, whereas infill is a polyurethane resin. The process of manufacturing these composites is invented and patented by authors. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a method of manufacturing composite...

The paper presents a prototype Virtual Reality system for learning of operation in an intelligent factory, working according to the concept of Industry 4.0. The SmartFactory laboratory—example of part of intelligent factory—is described. The VR prototype system and process of its building is also presented, starting from digitalization of the real...

The paper¹ presents development and test procedure of two Virtual Reality systems for training of skills necessary in a modern production company. The two systems allow teaching hard skills (example: forklift operation) and soft skills (example: quality management tools). Basic ideas, concepts of the virtual courses and their test procedure is pres...

The paper presents a Virtual Reality (VR) training system dedicated for interactive course focused on acquisition of competences in the field of manual procedural tasks. It was developed as a response for the growing market demand for low-cost VR systems supporting industrial training. A scenario for the implementation of an elementary manual opera...

The paper presents an innovative system for teaching of quality tools, facilitating decision-making in scope of solving quality problems in production processes. The solution was created with use of immersive Virtual Reality technology. The system allows two groups of users – production workers and quality staff – to interactively gain knowledge ab...

Inter-operational surgery supplies manufactured additively using the FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) technology are required to be sterilized before use. After manufacturing, the part should be sterilized using one of commonly used processes, without losing its dimensions and shape. The paper presents studies on manufacturing and sterilizing sampl...

The aim of the study was to compare two types of mandible reconstructive operations with scapula and fibula free flaps: procedures with 3-D models from thermoplastic materials and conventional planning surgeries. 8 patients were treated due to an advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. In four patients with a mandibular defect, a physical 3-D...

The paper presents a new approach to creating interactive simulations for testing tactile interaction with the user, which involves use of a low-cost device. The role of the haptic (touch) device and its functionality is achieved by using a manipulator with a parallel kinematic structure (Delta robot). This required the development of methods of in...

Realism of a Virtual Reality simulation can be improved by use of physical objects tracked in real time. The paper presents possibility of using low-cost FDM process, realized by MakerBot Replicator 2X machine, in comparison with a professional one to build tooling for a simulation of ultrasound examination procedure. The objects were manufactured...

The paper presents a novel methodology of building industrial Virtual Reality applications with use of a knowledge-based approach. Virtual Reality is becoming more and more wide-spread in engineering applications. However, most solutions are immediate and not flexible, especially in maintenance. Traditional way of programming VR applications makes...

The paper presents design and manufacturing process of an individualized ankle orthosis using additive manufacturing technologies and reverse engineering. Conventional processes of manufacturing of orthosesareexpensive and time consuming -an alternative method was proposed. The patient’s leg was 3D scanned and the orthosis was designed using a CAD...

This paper describes prototyping of an individualized cosmetic arm prosthesis. Aim of the studies was to obtain an anatomically correct, lightweight prosthesis. It was accomplished using additive manufacturing technology of fused deposition modeling. The data was obtained by 3D scanning. An experimental concept of dual extrusion of two different ma...

The paper presents results of tests conducted on the elements of medical devices - slings used with medical lifts - manufactured using additive technologies. Project assumptions were: to produce 100 samples of clips with varying design, material and orientation parameter. Samples were manufactured using FDM and SLA processes and then tested for mec...

This paper presents assessment of the Rapid Prototyping finishing techniques for the printed components. The aim of the study was to compare the element printed with FDM technology before and after the treatment, using 3D scanning techniques. The object was scanned right after manufacturing, then was subjected to finishing treatment and was 3D scan...

The paper presents development process and studies of a digital, Virtual Reality based tool for assisting the decision making process in configuration of driver’s workplace in city buses. The development methodology is presented with an end result. The studies, carried out after implementation in an industrial company, were based on human-computer...

The paper presents selection process of an appropriate engine to build a dedicated visual configuration system based on Virtual Reality, in cooperation with a city bus producer. The aim was to build a methodology of selection of such a software for a large visual configuration system and to validate it in practice, as there are no available softwar...

The Virtual Reality technology is nowadays dynamically developed, thanks to appearance of low-cost devices and interest by large companies related to entertainment, communication and visualization. It is especially important in medicine, as it allows a much wider access to tools such as Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy. The paper presents possibili...

The paper describes possibilities of using additive manufacturing technologies to manufacture single use casting tooling. The foundries usually cooperate with pattern workshops, which manufacture tooling using conventional processes. In case of patterns of complex shapes, it translates into higher costs and longer time of production. An alternative...

Virtual reality (VR) may be used as an innovative educational tool. However, in order to fully exploit its potential, it is essential to achieve the effect of immersion. To more completely submerge the user in a virtual environment, it is necessary to ensure that the user’s actions are directly translated into the image generated by the application...

Effective medical and biomedical engineering education is an important problem. Traditional methods are difficult and costly. That is why Virtual Reality is often used for that purpose. Educational medical VR is a well-developed IT field, with many available hardware and software solutions. Current solutions are prepared without methodological appr...

The paper presents studies on design and implementation of a complex Virtual Reality system for product design. Main objective of work presented in the paper was to obtain a tool suitable for on-line work with the clients on configuration of visual features of customized city buses. A complex product such as a city bus can have more than 100 visibl...

The paper presents possibilities of improving design and manufacturing preparation processes of configurable (variant) products in scope of realization of mass customization strategy. Knowledge based engineering tools are presented as a base for building systems for automation of design and manufacturing preparation. Methodologies of building KBE s...

In the Poznan University of Technology Chair of Production Engineering and Management, a Virtual Reality –Rapid Prototyping team has been active for many years and one of the studied activities is possibility of VR use in classes for higher education. As a result of cooperation with one of the medical universities in the region, an educational appl...

The paper presents a process of adaptation of the Oculus Rift and Samsung Gear VR devices for needs of immersive training application. The process was described on the example of virtual 3D human body atlas, created using EON Studio software. The aim of this application is to facilitate and make it more attractive to learn anatomy for students of m...

The paper presents a number of different approaches for creation of realistic immersive educational simulations of conditions of a workplace for assembly operations with aid of haptic and Virtual Reality systems. Such simulations can be used for effective training of future operators of a given workplace and testing its ergonomic quality without ne...