Ferran Salvador Franch- University of Barcelona
Ferran Salvador Franch
- University of Barcelona
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Publications (93)
The Sierra Nevada constitutes one of the massifs in Europe where periglacial processes have been more extensively and thoroughly examined. Periglacial phenomena in the massif are distributed from the mountaintops at 3300–3400 m a.s.l. down to elevations of 1100–1200 m. Active periglacial dynamics prevail today above 2500 m with a variety of landfor...
The Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada was the southernmost massif in Europe hosting glaciersGlaciers during the QuaternaryQuaternary. The remains of those ice masses disappeared in the middle of the twentieth century. The Pleistocene glaciersGlaciers in the Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada remained confined to the high mountains, occupying the headwaters of rav...
During the Little Ice Age (LIA), Corral del Veleta (Sierra Nevada) housed a small glacier of which relict glacial ice and permafrost still remain under packets of ice blocks. Currently, it is considered the southernmost rock glacier in Europe. The analysis and results of monitoring carried out on this rock glacier reveal it to be in an accelerated...
The Southeastern Pyrenees extend eastward along the north-south line that the Segre River traces with its Andorran tributary, the Valira River. The main massifs correspond to the Tossa Plana de Lles-Calmquerdós-Carlit to the west, the Puigmal-Bastiments-Costabona in the center—both within the Cerdanya basin (Upper Segre Valley)—and the Ripollès dis...
The mountain range of Sierra Nevada is c. 90 km long and located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Its highest peak, the Mulhacén (3479 m; 37º 03′ 12″ N, 3º 18′ 41″ W), is also the highest in the Iberian Peninsula. Sierra Nevada is part of the Betic Range, which crosses the southeastern part of the peninsula from southwest to northeast. It...
Calidad del aire en Barcelona durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19 y su efecto global en las emisiones de CO2
La pandemia de la COVID-19 está teniendo un enorme impacto negativo en la salud humana, con más de 4,44 millones de muertos en todo el mundo; en la economía, con una profunda y abrupta crisis sin precedentes; y en la sociedad, con mill...
In a warmer climate, significant variations in the snow regime are expected. Thus, it is crucial to better understand present‐day snow cover regime, its duration and thickness, in order to anticipate future changes. This work presents the first characterization of snow patterns in the Catalan Pyrenees based on 11 snow stations located in high eleva...
Snow cover has significant impacts on geoecological dynamics as well as on socio-economical systems. An accurate quantification of snow precipitation patterns in mountain regions is needed to better understand the spatio-temporal implications of snow cover. The objective of this work is to characterize the patterns of solid precipitation and snow c...
Pleistocene glaciers shaped the highest lands of the National Park of Sierra Nevada, South Spain. Alpine glaciers filled the western valleys of the massif with hundreds of meters of ice. Surface exposure dating shows evidence of glacial expansion during the Younger Dryas and the subsequent disappearance of glaciers of the massif during the Early Ho...
Outside the Alps, the Sierra Nevada is probably the best studied European massif with respect to its past and current environmental dynamics. A multi‐approach research program started in the early 2000s focused on the monitoring of frozen ground conditions in this National Park. Here, we present data on the thermal state and distribution of permafr...
An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...
An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...
An accurate review of the literature on surface exposure dating methods shows evidence of the difficulty in applying cosmogenic dating methods to old moraines because of the intensity of late Quaternary erosion processes. Moreover, as in some previous cases, we also found special difficulties in applying these methods to LIA moraines, caused by the...
The Beech Forests of Matagalls (Montseny, Catalonia, Spain): description, phytodiversity and phytoso-ciological characterisation. Study of the beech forests of Matagalls in Montseny based on 77 unpublished inventories taken at different points, orientations and substrates. The large majority belong to the beech forest with deschampsia (Luzulo-Faget...
The aim of this research is to improve our current understanding of the deglaciation stages in the southeastern Pyrenees and integrate it into reconstructions of the long‐term deglaciation in the Iberian mountains since the Last Glaciation. First, we examine the existing chronological data for deglaciation in Iberian mountain ranges, mainly focusin...
Sierra Nevada is the southern-most European mountain still containing alpine permafrost and small rock glaciers that are vestiges of the Little Ice Age. Thawing of these ice remnants is mainly controlled by the shield effect of snow cover and its surface temperature (LST), and thermal changes in permafrost areas are strongly related to air temperat...
Historical documents have shown their potential to infer the origin and evolution of the glacier existing in the Veleta cirque, in the massif of Sierra Nevada (Spain). This information encompasses written sources spanning from the 17th to the mid-20th centuries, and provides valuable knowledge about the Little Ice Age. These new data complement the...
The large number of studies of Sierra Nevada’s environmental history since the Last Pleistocene glacial period makes it one of the most intensively analysed massifs in the Iberian Peninsula. The early geomorphological descriptions have been complemented in recent decades with absolute dating techniques that have allocated in time the sequence of en...
Soil temperatures play a key role on the dynamics of geomorphological processes in periglacial environments. However, little is known about soil thermal dynamics in periglacial environments of semiarid mid-latitude mountains, where seasonal frost is dominant. From September 2006 to August 2012 we have monitored soil temperatures at different depths...
RESUMEN Se llevó a cabo un análisis comparado de los resultados proporcionados por un equipo de medición en continuo de variables termohigrométicas instalado en el sector SW de la Reserva Biológica de Doñana con los resultantes de la aplicación del balance hídrico de Thornthwaite. El objetivo principal se centró en comparar y contrastar el modelo d...
Las Cuevas del Salnitre, ubicadas en Montserrat (provincia de Barcelona), son un magnífico ejemplo de karst
en conglomerados calcáreos, y una de las pocas cavidades turísticas en este medio de la península Ibérica.
Explotada como mina de salitre en los inicios de la edad moderna, un goteo de visitantes ilustres tales como
F. de Zamora, Santiago Rus...
Las Cuevas del Salnitre, ubicadas en Montserrat (provincia de Barcelona), son un magnífico ejemplo de karst en conglomerados calcáreos, y una de las pocas cavidades turísticas en este medio de la península Ibérica. Explotada como mina de salitre en los inicios de la edad moderna, un goteo de visitantes ilustres tales como F. de Zamora, Santiago Rus...
The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada
National Park (southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...
The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...
In the highest land of the Sierra Nevada National Park, an experiment to monitor solifluction
rates together with the thermal regime of the ground was implemented during the
period 2005–2011. Data show evidence of the low activity of solifluction processes in
the present-day periglacial belt of Sierra Nevada. Annual displacement rates were lower
th...
El Cuaternario en el macizo de Sierra Nevada. Evolución paleoambiental y paisaje a partir de la interpretación de registros naturales y documentos de época (Resumen)
El conocimiento relativo a la evolución ambiental cuaternaria en las montañas de la Península Ibérica ha avanzado sustancialmente en las últimas décadas. Particularmente significativo...
Knowledge to the Quaternary environmental evolution in the mountains of the Iberian Peninsula has advanced substantially in recent decades. Particularly significant are the progress made in the Sierra Nevada massif, in the southern peninsular. In this case, researchers have used natural records and documentary sources to reconstruct the environment...
The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (Southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written re...
Our knowledge of the Quaternary landscape evolution in the high mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula has substantially improved over the last decades. The Sierra Nevada is one of the most studied mountain ranges in southern Europe regarding its environmental evolution. The purpose of the present paper is to integrate and summarize all the studie...
Our understanding of the Quaternary environmental evolution in the Iberian mountains has significantly improved over the last decades. Very significant advances have been achieved in the massif of Sierra Nevada, in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Researchers have used both natural records and historical sources to reconstruct the environmental...
Resumen En la Reserva de la Biosfera de la isla de El Hierro se encuentran los sabinares de Juniperus turbinata Guss. más extensos de las Islas Canarias, aunque su área de distribución actual es muy inferior a la potencial. El objetivo principal fue estudiar las especies que se encuentran en el sabinar, su estructura y las condiciones ambientales e...
The analysis of temperature data inside the soil (active layer), for the period 1998-1999/2008-2009, in an incipient rock glacier in Corral del Veleta cirque (Sierra Nevada) with presence of frozen masses in degradation process inside of it, is submitted. Thermal control covers 150 cm and data is collected at -5, -20, -50, -100 and -150 cm. This da...
Ground temperatures and its control on snow cover are crucial factors
conditioning the activity of current periglacial processes in the
highest lands of Sierra Nevada (Betique Range, Iberian Peninsula). We
present summary results of the monitoring period from September 2006 to
August 2012 in three sites with contrasting topography, aspect and snow...
This paper studys four glaciated valleys around the Pico del Veleta-Pico Mulhacén (37°3'N, 3°21' W, >3, 300 m). The analyses of 19 samples cosmogenic isotope 36C1 shows that the last local glacial maximum advance was within the MIS 2. The general retreat of the glaciers was in 15/14 ka. Just after this, an extensive system of rock glaciers were for...
Sierra Nevada is a protected mountain in the Iberian Peninsula classified as a Biosphere Reserve (1986), Natural Park (1989) and National Park (1999). All these environmental protection programmers are a consequence of its unique landscape in the context of the mid-latitude semiarid mountains, with enclaves of exceptional scientific and cultural va...
RESUMEN El trabajo estudia cuatro valles glaciados de Sierra Nevada del área Veleta-Mulhacén (37º3'N, 3º21'W, >3.300 m). El análisis del isótopo cosmogénico 36 Cl de 19 muestras indica que el último máximo avance glaciar local fue dentro del MIS 2. El retroceso generalizado de los glaciares ocurrió a partir de 15/14 ka. Justo después se formó un ex...
Cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure dating was carried out on 19 samples from glacially polished bedrock, rock glaciers and moraines of four glaciated valleys with different orientations in the Sierra Nevada (Spain) around Pico del Veleta (37° 3′N 3° 21′W, 3398 m asl). Remains of moraines older than the global Last Glacial Maximum exist, but their poo...
In Sierra Nevada, a mountain range located to the SE of the Iberian
Peninsula, moraines corresponding to the last two glaciations have been
identified (Messerli, 1967). There are no glaciers at present but the
existence of small cirque glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA) has
been documented (Gómez-Ortiz et al., 2009). The aim of this study
is...
This paper analyses the thermal ground behaviour on an alpine talus
slope located at the foot of the north wall of the glacial cirque on the
Pico del Veleta (3398 m, 37°03'21''N, 3°21'57''W, MAAT:
-0,4°C) in Sierra Nevada, SE Spain. There are frequent mass
movements on this talus slope, particularly in its central section,
caused by the abundant pr...
In the highest lands of the Sierra Nevada National Park an experiment for measuring solifluction has been implemented during the period 2005-2011. Results give evidence of the low activity of solifluction processes in the present-periglacial belt of Sierra Nevada, an environment with seasonal frost occurrence, with displacements lower than 1 cm/yea...
We have analyzed the characteristics of the ground temperature evolution during the last 8 years in a high plateau affected by intense denivation processes due to wind effect. Both the reduced number with freeze-thaw cycles – in comparison with air temperature conditions -and the limited water availability allow a moderate activity of periglacial p...
Resumen El conocimiento de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo en Sierra Nevada (España) está siendo completado a partir de la información recogida en documentos de época (siglos XVII-XIX). La interpretación del contenido de la documentación seleccionada viene a sumar nuevos datos que permiten precisar más el significado geomorfológico que este periodo frío...
Sierra Nevada (España), en su sector de cumbres y en el antiguo circo del Corral del Veleta (3150 m, 37ºN, 3ºW) se albergan hielos glaciares fósiles y permafrost, presumiblemente de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo. Estas masas heladas, las más meridionales de Europa, se encuentran protegidas por espesos mantos de clastos y tienden a reducir dimensión y e...
Cold phases in the Mulhacén cirque (Sierra Nevada) during the Late Holocene Sierra Nevada is a high mountain range that contains the southernmost more recently deglaciated cirques in Europe. In the Mulhacén cirque, one of the highest cirques of the massif, a glacial mountain lake is there located. We have collected sediments from the bottom of this...
Glacial and periglacial features in the Cerdanya (Eastern Pyrenees): the area Arànser-La Llosa and La Feixa-La Màniga): The highest massifs of the Eastern Pyrenees were shaped by glaciers during the Quaternary. In the tectonic depression of the Cerdanya, where peaks exceed 2700 m, the different glacier systems generated significant erosion and accu...
The analysis of temperature data inside the soil (active layer), for the period 1998-1999/2008-2009, in an incipient rock glacier in Corral del Veleta cirque (Sierra Nevada) with presence of frozen masses in degradation process inside of it, is submitted. Thermal control covers 150 cm and data is collected at -5, -20, -50, -100 and -150 cm. This da...
Sierra Nevada is a singular mountain range with an exceptional natural and cultural heritage. Natural landscapes are reflected in the rich biodiversity and wide range of landforms, which only have been weakly modified by human activities during the last centuries. The highest parts of the massif are protected under the consideration of National Par...
The Sierra Nevada is the highest mountain system on the Iberian Peninsula (Mulhacén 3482 m; Veleta 3308 m) and is located in the extreme SE region of Spain (lat 37°N, long 3°W). Bibliographic resources, particularly from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, provide insights into the changing summit landscape as the effects of cold, ice, snow and...
El clima, a partir del Tardiglaciar y tras las crisis climáticas cuaternarias, vino también mostrando variaciones más o menos intensas con repercusión en la dinámica de los ecosistemas, particularmente en montañas de latitudes medias. Sin embargo, sus resultados biogeográficos y geomorfológicos fueron de menor rango en intensidad y distribución geo...
The massif of Sierra Nevada in the Betic Range holds the highest peaks in the Iberian Peninsula. In the headwaters of the high western cirques, above 2500 m, there is a wide range of active and inactive periglacial features. We studied the distribution and morphometry of hundreds of solifluction lobes present in these valleys.
Key words: distribu...
Dead ice and alpine permafrost in the Veleta cirque are remnants of the environmental conditions during the Little Ice Age (15th to 19th century). Topographic control and thermal monitoring of the Veleta cirque rock glacier indicate the degradation of dead ice and discontinuous permafrost since 2001. This degradation triggers the subsidence of the...
El Corral del Veleta (Sierra Nevada. España) cobija en su seno y bajo manto detrítico hielo glaciar fósil y permafrost alpino, restos, como mínimo, de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo (siglos XV/XIX). En la actualidad, estas masas heladas se encuentran en proceso de degradación. Los análisis y controles que desde 2001 se vienen llevando a cabo en un glaci...
The highest peaks in the Iberian Peninsula and the southernmost active rock glacier in Europe can be found in Sierra Nevada. Its formation is recent and it is associated with the process of the deglaciation that the Corral del Veleta underwent at the end of the Little Ice Age. The rock glacier was formed from an accumulation of heavy boulders in a...
Se analiza la trayectoria de los estudios sobre periglaciarismo en España centrando atención en la labor desarrollada por IPA-España durante el periodo 1994-2003 por lo que se toma como referencia las publicaciones de sus reuniones. También se analiza la situación actual de IPA, particularmente de los miembros europeo, así como los temas de investi...
Se revisan las principales obras españolas que durante las últimas dos décadas (1980-2000) se han ocupado del estudio de la morfología glaciar y periglaciar. De su análisis y valoración crítica se obtienen datos referidos al avance del conocimiento en este dominio científico y a la evolución de sus técnicas y métodos de trabajo.
During the Little Ice Age a small glacier occupied the Veleta cirque (Guarnón glacier, Sierra Nevada, Spain). The successive melting and disappearance of the glacier during the first half of the 20th century were followed by the construction of talus cones located at the foot of the cirque wall. Debris buried the residual ice body. At present the t...
La glacera més meridional d¿Europa durant la Petita Edat de Gel ocupava la base de la paret septentrional del pic del Veleta (3.398 m) i estava instal·lat a Sierra Nevada ¿sud-est de la Península Ibèrica (latitud: 37º03¿ N i longitud: 3º22¿W).- La glacera va anar desapareixent al llarg del segle XX, al temps que es formava un important talús detrít...
ANTONIO GÓMEZ ORTIZ (1), DAVID PALACIOS ESTREMERA(2) , ENRIQUE LUENGO NICOLAU (2), LUIS M. TANARRO GARCÍA (2), LOTHAR SCHULTE (1), MIGUEL RAMOS SAINZ (3) & FERRAN SALVADOR FRANCH (1)(1) Servei de Gestió i Evolució del Paisatge. Universitat de Barcelona. (2) Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de...
This article discusses the methodology and techniques used in observations of permafrost, which is confined to a small enclave in south-east Spain (Corral del Veleta, Sierra Nevada, 3398 m altitude, 37°03′ N, and 3°22′ W). Several geophysical, geothermal and geomorphologic prospecting techniques were used to locate the permafrost at Corral del Vele...
RESUMEN El Corral del Veleta fue el último reducto glaciar de Sierra Nevada. Desde el Tardiglaciar la deglaciación ha sido progresiva, aunque con fluctuaciones de retroceso-avance. Respecto a la Pequeña Edad del Hielo se detectan diferentes fases con morfologías significativas y en cuanto a los tiempos posteriores la morfogénesis denuncia una merma...
The Corral del Veleta has been the last residual glacier of the Sierra Nevada. Since late glacial times deglaciation has been progressive, interrupted by glacier advance-retrocession fluctuations. The Little Ice Age covers diferent morphological stages. The posterior sequences indicate the gradual reduction of the glacier. At present persist only s...
Analysed data have been recorded at La Molina (1702 m a.s.l.). This study site is the unique meteorological observatory with climatic snow data series in Eastern Pyrenees, which belongs to the "Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia' network. The studied data are from the 1961-1993 period. The snow regime has been analysed in relationship with synoptic...
The Spanish glaciers (the Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada "Corral del Veleta"), as with the glaciers in the rest of the world, have been losing surface area and volume since the beginning of the 20 th century. While there are numerous studies of the Alpine glaciers, there isn't even an approximate cartography or small scale of the glaciers (white or rocks)...
