Fernando L Vázquez

• Doctor of Psychology
• Catedrático de Psicología Clínica (Full professor of Clinical Psychology) at University of Santiago de Compostela

Background: Physician burnout is a growing issue that affects both the quality of healthcare and the mental well-being of medical professionals. However, research on this phenomenon in Ecuador is limited and methodologically deficient. The objective of this study was to examine the national prevalence of burnout among Ecuadorian physicians, its ass...

Background/Objectives: Although burnout among physicians is a serious and growing problem in healthcare, research on this issue in Ecuador is scarce and suffers from methodological limita-tions. This study examined the prevalence of burnout among Ecuadorian medical professionals at the national level, as well as its correlates and consequences on t...

Background: Psychological interventions are increasingly discussed as a method to prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults who already experience subthreshold depressive symptoms. In this individual participant data metaanalysis, we quantify the effect of preventive interventions against control on MDD onset in this population, and explore...

Pese a que los episodios de depresión mayor (EDM) son frecuentes en las personas mayores de 50 años, especialmente en aquellas sometidas a estrés crónico, como las cuidadoras informales; y de que constituye un importante factor de riesgo de discapacidad y mortalidad; esta condición permanece infradiagnosticada en determinadas franjas etarias de est...

Los mayores de 50 años constituyen un colectivo en elevado riesgo de suicidio. Esta vulnerabilidad se incrementa en aquellos sometidos a situaciones de estrés crónico, como cuidar de un familiar dependiente. Pese al elevado porcentaje de la población que es cuidadora informal, especialmente a partir de los 50 años, las conductas suicidas han sido e...

Background Suicide is a major public health problem, especially among individuals over 50 years old. Despite the suitability of this life stage for prevention, research on the efficacy of psychological interventions is scarce and methodologically limited, affecting their clinical utility and efficacy. Brief, flexible interventions that can be appli...

La ausencia de recompensa desde el entorno es una dimensión funcional en el desarrollo de síntomas depresivos. Pese a su relevancia, y la vulnerabilidad de las personas mayores a padecer depresión, esta variable se ha explorado poco en la literatura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar la recompensa desde el entorno y sus diferencias en funció...

El envejecimiento se asocia a un mayor riesgo de síntomas depresivos, que afectan negativamente a la salud física y la funcionalidad, siendo precursores del trastorno depresivo mayor. Analizar la sintomatología depresiva y los factores asociados a partir de la adultez media es fundamental para la detección e intervención eficaz. El objetivo de este...

Introduction Although previous research has demonstrated that resilience can be protective against various mental health conditions such as depression, existing studies examining the relationship between resilience and depression have limitations. To our knowledge, the moderators of the relationship have not been examined. The aim of this study was...

Background: Due to the accessibility barriers of in-person programs for active aging, the development of programs that use innovative technologies is needed. Video games can be an engaging tool for disseminating active aging interventions. Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to analyze the feasibility of a cognitive–behavioral interven...

En esta conferencia, impartida el 13 de diciembre en Santiago de Compostela, se expusieron los resultados del proyecto “Resiliencia como factor protector de la depresión en cuidadores", financiado por la Consellería de Emprego e Igualdade, a través de la Secretaría Xeral de Igualdade de la Xunta de Galicia, en el marco de los Fondos de la Conferenc...

El pasado 21 de octubre impartí en el Auditorio de Cambados la ponencia “TDAH: aspectos neuropsicológicos y clínicos”, dentro de las VII Xornadas “Ti tamén formas parte do TDAH”, organizadas por la Asociación TDAH Salnés. En ella se abordaron la conceptualización de este trastorno; los criterios diagnósticos, la comorbilidad y el diagnóstico difere...

El pasado 4 de octubre, invitado por el Grupo de Investigación en Psicología Educativa en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, impartí la ponencia “Como vencer la depresión y lograr bienestar emocional: Protocolo de intervención del Grupo GRISAMP”, dentro de las II Jornadas de Psicología Aplicada celebradas en la Universidade da Coruña.

The opportunity is offered to get a research training contract (FPI) to pursue a doctoral thesis related to the project "Effectiveness of a brief psychological intervention based on problem-solving in various formats for the indicated prevention of suicide in adults aged 50 and over (SOLPROSU50+)," as part of the 2022 Knowledge Generation Projects...

Due to the limited availability of in-person interventions for caregivers, the development of effective programs that use new technologies to prevent depression is needed. The goal of this research was to assess the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression , administered to nonprofessional caregivers through...

Although the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a well-established instrument for the assessment of depressive symptoms in older adults, this has not been validated specifically for Portuguese older adults with cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of two Portuguese versions of the GDS (GDS-27...

Although the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a well-established instrument for the assessment of depressive symptoms in older adults, this has not been validated specifically for Portuguese cognitively impaired persons. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of two Portuguese versions of the GDS (GDS-27 and GDS-1...

Although sleep issues are among the symptoms commonly experienced by the non-professional caregiver population, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is the most widely used instrument for the assessment of sleep quality, this has not been validated specifically for this population. The objective of this study was to analyze the factorial s...

This case-control study analyzed the sleep disturbance, psychological distress and perceived burden in female family caregivers of dependent people with dementia (n = 74) compared with female family caregivers of dependent people without dementia (n = 74) and with age-matched non-caregiver control females (n = 74). Participants completed the Pittsb...

This study aimed to determine the quality of life and sexual satisfaction in a sample of 389 women with breast cancer who underwent a surgical treatment and 366 men who were these women’s partners. The sample was recruited from the Portuguese League Against Cancer by 10 trained psychologists who assessed the quality of life and sexual satisfaction...

Este artículo, publicado en la Voz de la Salud, se abordó el suicidio, los comportamientos incluidos en el continuo de la conducta suicida; los factores de índole social, psicológica y médica que incrementan el riesgo; las señales de alerta más importantes; y las pautas a seguir por la persona en riesgo y sus allegados para actuar ante los pensamie...

Background Cognitive therapy and behavioural activation are both widely applied and effective psychotherapies for depression, but it is unclear which works best for whom. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis allows for examining moderators at the participant level and can provide more precise effect estimates than conventional meta-analy...

En este artículo, publicado en La Voz de la Salud se abordaron distintas cuestiones relacionadas con el fenómeno del estrés: ¿qué es el estrés?, ¿cuáles son sus síntomas?, ¿qué situaciones pueden ser estresantes?, ¿cuáles son los problemas de salud asociados?, ¿cómo podemos manejarlo? Sigue leyendo para encontrar todas las respuestas. https://www....

Últimamente hay una enfermedad que está ganando terreno y no parece dispuesta a darnos tregua: la depresión. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que al menos 322 millones de personas en el mundo la padecen, un 18 % más que hace una década. También conocida como trastorno de depresión mayor, se caracteriza por un estado de ánimo bajo, d...

El estrés forma parte de nuestro día a día, pero en cantidades excesivas puede agotar nuestras reservas de energía, minar nuestra salud e incluso acortar nuestra vida. Esta guía ofrece un tratamiento psicológico innovador que recoge estrategias eficaces, respaldadas por la investigación empírica, para contrarrestar los efectos dañinos del estrés, r...

Objectives: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioral prevention intervention administered through a smartphone app in non-professional caregivers with symptoms of depression. The secondary objective was to make a preliminary evaluation of its effectiveness either alone or s...

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality in non-professional caregivers. With this purpose, cross-sectional data were collected from 201 dependent people’s family caregivers using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12...

RESUMEN Introducción: Abordar el suicidio requiere conocer su epidemiología regionalmente, siendo centrales las variables de salud. Sin embargo, el perfil clínico de las personas que cometen suicidio ha recibido escasa atención. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: analizar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y forenses de los fallecid...

Introduction. Cognitive stimulation may be beneficial in slowing the progression of mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), but the results of existing research are inconsistent. Furthermore, there are no long-term interventions nor individual (one-on-one) interventions applied by professionals. Objetive. The aim of this study was to assess the efficac...

Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to analyze the efficacy on perceived health and the feasibility of a multicomponent psychological intervention to promote active aging through depression prevention, healthy lifestyle habits, and cognitive stimulation in middle-to-older adulthood administered through an interactive multimedia online...

Depression, anxiety and stress are increasingly concerning phenomena in our society, with serious consequences on physical and mental health. The repercussions may be particularly devastating in particular population subgroups, such as female university students. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stre...

Although sexual assaults on female university students are a public health concern, studies that have examined this issue have not used behaviorally specific definitions of the various types of sexual victimization. Furthermore, hardly any data exists on female Spanish university students. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence...

Project PID2019-105052RB-I00, funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033 The social and health challenges of the aging population have led to the recommendation of active aging programs to increase the number of healthy and independent elderly people. These interventions have been shown to offer benefits in terms of quality of life, wellbeing, die...

Background High alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence are only partly genetically correlated and they differ considerably in their correlations with other traits. The existence of genetic correlation among alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders may be attributed to the presence of a general psychopathology factor, the p factor. This stud...

Recent evidence supports the efficacy of conference call cognitive-behavioral interventions in preventing depression in caregivers at post-intervention, but we do not know whether the results are sustained long term. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered by teleph...

https://theconversation.com/como-se-ayuda-a-una-persona-deprimida-a-superarlo-143460

Despite its potential, no intervention aimed at non-professional caregivers administered through a smartphone app has been proven to prevent depression. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of an indicated depression-prevention intervention for non-professional caregivers administered through an app with th...

Although research suggests that people with physical disabilities experience impacts to their health-related quality of life (HRQL), there are no previous reviews or meta-analyses of studies that use appropriate assessment instruments in this population. The objective of this project was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis...

Informal care of dependents is a task assumed mostly by women. Given the great intensity and dedication the care situation demands, this group is especially vulnerable to the development of depression. However, few studies have used appropriate assessment instruments to determine the prevalence of depression in informal caregivers and its relations...

Being a non-professional caregiver is associated with negative consequences at different levels. Providing care has adverse effects on physical and mental health, resulting in considerable use of health services. However, caregivers also often suffer difficulties in achieving optimal performance in their paid and unpaid work. Despite these importan...

Effective and accessible interventions for indicated prevention of depression are necessary and lacking, especially for informal caregivers. Although telephone-based interventions could increase the accessibility for caregivers, randomized controlled trials are scarce, with no examination of prevention to date. Moreover, the efficacy of specific th...

Background: Due to the progressive aging of the population, programs to promote active aging have been recommended. However, older adults have difficulty accessing them. Interventions administered through online video games may increase their accessibility, and complementing these with a smartphone app will likely increase adherence and allow for...

Reward has not been examined as a predictor of depression in the caregiver population despite the high prevalence of depression. The aim of this study was to analyze reward as a predictor of the level of depression (no depression, subclinical depression, major depressive episode) in caregivers. Independent evaluators evaluated the socio-demographic...

La depresión es un fenómeno psicopatológico ampliamente extendido ennuestra sociedad, pudiendo llegar a ser muy incapacitante e impedir a la persona seguir con su vida normal. La buena noticia es que este trastorno se puede tratar. Este manual pretende ser esencialmente aplicado y ofrecer un protocolo de tratamiento, en el que se describe un progra...

Dyssynergic defecation is a usual cause of chronic constipation in elderly women, with a negative impact on health-related quality of life. The present randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of behavioral treatment through electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) on quality of life and bowel symptoms in elderly women with dyssynergi...

This study examined the relationship between caregiver burden and sleep quality in dependent people’s family caregivers. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 201 dependent people’s family caregivers and 92 non-caregivers controls. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and an...

El incremento del fenómeno de la dependencia supone un reto a nivel sanitario y social en España, donde el envejecimiento de la población es cada vez mayor. Actualmente, el cuidado de las personas en situación de dependencia es asumido principalmente por los cuidadores informales. Sin embargo, asumir ese papel tiene efectos negativos en la vida de...

Ciertos aspectos subjetivos de la memoria han sido poco explorados en la adultez intermedia y tardía. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la satisfacción con la propia memoria, la frecuencia de problemas cotidianos de memoria y el uso de estrategias de memoria en sujetos de 45 años o más de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia

Debido al envejecimiento de la población, cada vez son más las personas en la adultez intermedia y tardía que experimentan eventos vitales negativos que ponen en riesgo su bienestar mental. Por eso, es importante estudiar la salud mental en esta población, y especialmente en las zonas más envejecidas de nuestro contexto.

The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated (EPQR-A) in informal caregivers. Trained, independent evaluators administered the EPQR-A and evaluated informal caregivers’ depressive symptoms, automatic negative thoughts, self-efficacy, and pl...

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a problem‐solving intervention for the prevention of suicidal risk in Brazilian adolescents with elevated suicidal potential and depressive symptoms. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 100 participants (mean age 17.2 years, 60% women, 46% mixed race), allocat...

Background: Although there are data on the psychometric properties of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) in the U. S. Hispanic population, there are no data about the suitability of the questionnaire in Spanish-speaking populations in Spain. Method: Trained and independent interviewers administered a Castilian Spanish translation of the...

Research on mental health of non-professional caregivers has focused on caregivers of people with specific diseases, especially dementia. Less is known about caregivers of people with other diseases. The aims of this study were (a) to determine the caregivers’ emotional state in a random sample of caregivers of people in situations of dependency, (...

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of primary insomnia in female family caregivers of totally dependent patients with dementia, and to examine the relation between this sleep disorder and a number of characteristics of the caregivers, care recipients, and caregiving situations. The participants were 134 female caregivers, who answ...

Background Studies of psychological interventions for the prevention of depression have found significant effects in the short-term, but the long-term efficacy has yet to be determined. This study evaluated the 8-year effect of a randomized controlled trial for indicated prevention of depression in female caregivers. Methods A total of 173 non-pro...

Introduction: There is evidence to suggest that cognitive stimulation produces cognitive benefits in people with mild neurocognitive disorder. However, the effect has been previously demonstrated to be minimal to moderate and the effect of long-term individual interventions, namely on specific cognitive domains, is unknown. Aim: To assess the effic...

Objectives: Despite the importance of resilience in well-being and adaptation to the role of caregiver in non-professional caregivers, research on resilience in this population has been scarce and contradictory, and has methodological limitations. The objective of this study was to identify subgroups of caregivers with high levels of resilience bas...

Although the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) is the most widely used multidimensional burden instrument for assessing perceived burden of caregivers, there is no data on its psychometric properties in Spanish, nor on caregivers of dependent persons with various diseases. The objective of this study was to translate the CBI into Spanish and validat...

Background Due to the appeal and recent technological advances of video games, the games have gained interest as an intervention tool for active aging. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of video games for active aging and to examine the influence of potential moderator variables. Methods A...

Coding protocol and manual. (PDF)

Background: Progressive cognitive deficits restrict individual independence and activities of daily living. Video games have emerged as a new opportunity for the delivery of interventions. However, no meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) has studied their efficacy to prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Objectives: To systemat...

Background Although major depression is a frequent disorder in non-professional caregivers and there are effective psychological interventions to prevent it, caregivers have difficulty accessing them. Interventions for depression applied through an app could improve accessibility; yet, to date, adherence to such interventions has been low. The obje...

Resumen Introducción Aunque la sobrecarga es un fenómeno frecuente entre los cuidadores familiares, la mayoría de los trabajos presentan limitaciones metodológicas relacionadas con las muestras empleadas. Además, la escasa información existente acerca de la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, de cuidado y clínicas y la sobrecarga es contra...

Genetics plays an important role in alcohol abuse/dependence. Its heritability has been estimated as 45-65%. Rare copy number variations (CNVs) have been confirmed as relevant genetic factors in other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, or Tourette syndrome. In the present study, we analyzed the r...

The aim of this study was to evaluate a brief intervention, implemented via conference call, for non-professional caregivers with high depressive symptoms. Sixty-one caregivers (M = 55.5, 90.2% women) underwent an intervention of indicated prevention. The incidence of depression, depressive symptoms, the risk of developing depression, and model var...

Background: Although burnout is a widespread phenomenon among healthcare professionals, there are no studies about its prevalence in Ecuador. This study assesses the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Ecuadorian healthcare professionals and examine the relationship with their personal and organizational characteristics. Methods: A total of 240...

La consecuencia más frecuente del cuidado de una persona en situación de dependencia es la reducción del tiempo libre y de ocio del cuidador Esto resulta preocupante, pues la reducida participación en actividades de refuerzo positivo contribuye al desarrollo y mantenimiento de los síntomas depresivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el per...

Aunque existen intervenciones psicológicas eficaces para mejorar la salud mental de los cuidadores no profesionales, éstas son presenciales y los cuidadores tienen dificultades para acceder a ellas Las intervenciones psicológicas aplicadas mediante Apps para smartphones podrían superar estas barreras Sin embargo, en la actualidad no hay ninguna int...

Entre el 28.0% y el 55.0% de los cuidadores presenta síntomas depresivos elevados, los cuales pueden estar asociados con pensamientos disfuncionales Sin embargo, se desconoce cuáles son los pensamientos negativos más frecuentes en los cuidadores con síntomas depresivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los pensamientos negativos en una mues...

Objectives: Despite the importance of resilience in populations under stress, and the fact that the 10-item version Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) is the shortest instrument for reliable and valid evaluation of resilience, there are no data on their psychometric properties in non-professional caregivers. The aim of this study was to...

Although the mental health problems of college students have been the subject of increasing research, there are no studies about its prevalence in Ecuadorian college students. The aim of this study was to determine the mental health problems and their associated factors in Ecuadorian freshmen university students. A sample of 1092 students (53.7% wo...

One of the limitations of research in indicated prevention of depression is that few works have analyzed the clinical significance of the effects of the interventions. In this study, 170 non-professional caregivers with depressive symptoms were randomized to a cognitive-behavioral intervention group (n = 88) or to a usual-care control group (n = 82...

Depression is highly prevalent in non-professional caregivers. However, many caregivers cannot attend face-to-face psychological interventions due to reasons such as a lack of time, not having a person to take over care in their absence, or a scarcity of mental health services. To overcome these barriers, communication technologies available to mos...

Although there is evidence that the depression level in caregivers is associated with their negative thoughts and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) being the most widely used instrument to assess these negative thoughts, there is no data of the psychometric properties of the ATQ in caregivers. In the current study, trained independent eval...

Objectives: The primary aim was to assess the feasibility/acceptability of a preventive cognitive-behavioral intervention implemented via conference call for caregivers. The secondary aim was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of the behavioral activation component alone compared to the complete cognitive-behavioral intervention....

En esta obra se presenta un programa con el objetivo de ayudar a las personas a vencer la depresión y también lograr un bienestar emocional que nos permita ser más felices. El programa que se describe ha sido utilizado para el tratamiento especializado de la depresión y se ha desarrollado y perfeccionado a lo largo diez años. Las técnicas que se ut...

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression in caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms through 12 months of follow-up. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community in Galicia (Spain). Participants: 170 caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms. Interventions...

Resumen Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas breves (≤ 8 sesiones) dirigidas a reducir la sintomatología depresiva de los cuidadores y analizar la influencia de variables moderadoras potenciales sobre el tamaño del efecto. Se seleccionaron 11 estudios de las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medlin...

In this chapter, problem-solving therapy (PST) is presented as an effective intervention to prevent or reduce psychopathology and to enhance positive well-being by helping individuals cope more effectively with stressful life problems. First, the theoretical foundations of the social problem-solving model are presented to explain the major concept...

Background Although depression is a common problem in caregivers and there are effective cognitive-behavioral interventions for its prevention, the ability of caregivers to attend these treatments is often limited by logistics. Furthermore, the efficacy of the components of these interventions is unknown. The objectives of this study are to (a) eva...

The goal of the present study was to assess depressive symptoms, problem-solving skills, and their role in therapeutic change in an indicated prevention of depression intervention aimed at non-professional female caregivers. We performed a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomized to a problem-solving intervention (n = 89) o...

-Activities designed to be performed outside of the intervention are considered an essential aspect of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, these have received little attention in interventions aimed at individuals with subclinical depressive symptoms who do not yet meet diagnostic criteria for depression (indicated preventio...

Dada la elevada prevalencia de la depresión y su vertiginosa progresión en nuestros días, surge la necesidad de plantear opciones de tratamiento eficaces, efectivas y viables. En este texto se presenta una nueva terapia para el tratamiento de la depresión desarrollada en nuestro contexto y con apoyo empírico. Centrada en el modelo de solución de pr...

El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis para determinar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas administradas por teléfono para los trastornos depresivos. Se realizó un rastreo bibliográfico en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Medline y las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Cochrane, entre 1974 y diciembr...

Despite research demonstrating the psychological burden associated with caregiving, there is limited information regarding the real rates of clinical depression among non-professional caregivers (NCs) of dependent patients. The goals of the current study are (a) to report the prevalence of Major Depressive Episodes (MDEs) and the frequency of depre...

It has been well determined that nonprofessional caregiving, which is a fundamental component of care to dependent persons, may lead to an increased risk for mental disorders in caregivers, especially depression. This paper sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of psychological interventions to reduce...

It has been well determined that nonprofessional caregiving, which is a fundamental component of care to dependent persons, may lead to an increased risk for mental disorders in caregivers, especially depression. This paper sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of psychological interventions to reduce dep...

Background: Although depression is a common problem among non-professional caregivers, only one trial has evaluated the efficacy of indicated prevention targeting this population and the long-term efficacy is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a brief intervention for the indicated prevention of depression in...

The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of university students with the highest likelihood of remaining at elevated levels of depressive symptoms six months following the receipt of a depressive prevention intervention on the basis of known risk factors and participation in one of two depression prevention programs. Data from a randomiz...

In this study the effects of a brief intervention for the prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers were evaluated. 170 participants (Mage= 55.1 years, SD= 9.0) with high depressive symptoms were randomized to either a group receiving a cognitive-behavioral intervention (n= 88) or a usual care control group (n= 82). The intervention wa...

En este trabajo se revisó la investigación acerca de la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas y psicoeducativas de prevención de la depresión en sujetos con síntomas depresivos, pero que no reunían los criterios para un episodio depresivo mayor actual (prevención indicada). Se seleccionaron 42 ensayos que evaluaron 36 programas de prevención...