Fernando Mut

• Ph.D.
• George Mason University

OBJECTIVE The complex mix of factors, including hemodynamic forces and wall remodeling mechanisms, that drive intracranial aneurysm growth is unclear. This study focuses on the specific regions within aneurysm walls where growth occurs and their relationship to the prevalent hemodynamic conditions to reveal critical mechanisms leading to enlargemen...

As the number of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters continues to increase, it is important to understand what factors influence not only thrombus formation within the aneurysm cavity but also fibrin accumulation across the device and its associated disruption and blockage of the inflow stream. Both processes contribute to the eventual o...

The mechanisms leading to aneurysm occlusion after treatment with flow‐diverting devices are not fully understood. Flow modification induces thrombus formation within the aneurysm cavity, but fibrin can simultaneously accumulate and cover the device scaffold, leading to further flow modification. However, the interplay and relative importance of th...

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose severe health risks influenced by hemodynamics. This study focuses on the intricate characterization of hemodynamic conditions within the IA walls and their influence on bleb development, aiming to enhance understanding of aneurysm stability and the risk of rupture. The methods emphasized utilizing a comprehensive...

This study focused on identifying and studying the distribution of aneurysm wall features (blebs, growing regions, rupture sites) within the wall in ACom and MCA aneurysms, relating these with prevalent local hemodynamic conditions to reveal how flow dynamics influence aneurysm behavior. Our findings suggest that ACom aneurysms are primarily prone...

The mechanisms behind intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture are not fully understood, with factors such as location, patient demographics, and hemodynamics playing a role. Additionally, the significance of anatomical features like blebs in ruptures is debated. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive research that combines patient‐spec...

Strokes are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Stroke treatment involves removal or dissolution of the obstruction (usually a clot) in the blocked artery by catheter insertion. A computer simulation to systematically plan such patient‐specific treatments needs a network of about 10 ⁵ blood vessels including collaterals. The ex...

The aim of this work is to provide a clear and ready-to-implement mathematical model to describe the red blood cell (RBC) cytoskeleton. The motivation for this methodo- logy work lies in the lack of available sources facilitating the implementation of computational (in silico) modelling of RBC mechanical properties. Our approach adopts a worm-like...

The heterogeneous model developed by Berod et al [Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 38, 2021] for representing the hemodynamic effects of endovascular prostheses is applied to a series of 10 patient specific cerebral aneurysms, 6 being treated by flow diverters, 4 being equipped with WEBs. Two markers correlated with the medical outcome of the treatmen...

The goal of this study was to test if CFD-based virtual angiograms could be used to automatically discriminate between intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with and without flow stagnation. Time density curves (TDC) were extracted from patient digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences by computing the average gray level intensity inside the ane...

Background The presence of blebs increases the rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Objective To evaluate whether cross-sectional bleb formation models can identify aneurysms with focalized enlargement in longitudinal series. Methods Hemodynamic, geometric, and anatomical variables derived from computational fluid dynamics models of 2265...

Introduction: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) assess biological systems based on specific boundary conditions. We propose modeling more advanced hemodynamic metrics, such as core line length (CL) and critical points which characterize complexity of flow in the context of cerebral vasculature, and specifically cerebral veins during the physiologi...

The use of adjoint solvers is considered in order to obtain the sensitivity of clinical measures in aneurysms to incomplete (or unknown) boundary conditions and/or geometry. It is shown that these techniques offer interesting theoretical insights and viable computational tools to obtain these sensitivities.

Background and Purpose: Delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhages (DIPHs) are one of the most serious complications of cerebral aneurysm treatment with flow diverters (FD), yet their causes are largely unknown. This study analyzes distal hemodynamic alterations induced by the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with FDs. Methods: A realistic model of th...

Purpose: Blebs are known risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. We analyzed differences between IAs that ruptured with blebs and those that ruptured without developing blebs to identify distinguishing characteristics among them and suggest possible mechanistic implications. Methods: Using image-based models, 25 hemodynamic and geom...

Background and purpose: Many small, regularly shaped cerebral aneurysms rupture; however, they usually receive a low score based on current risk-assessment methods. Our goal was to identify patient and aneurysm characteristics associated with rupture of small, regularly shaped aneurysms and to develop and validate predictive models of rupture in t...

Background: Bleb presence in intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is a known indication of instability and vulnerability. Objective: To develop and evaluate predictive models of bleb development in IAs based on hemodynamics, geometry, anatomical location, and patient population. Methods: Cross-sectional data (one time point) of 2395 IAs were used for...

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are localized enlargements of cerebral blood vessels that cause substantial rates of mortality and morbidity in humans. The rupture possibility of these aneurysms is a critical medical challenge for physicians during treatment planning. This treatment planning while assessing the rupture potential of aneurysms becomes m...

Background and purpose: Identifying and predicting which aneurysms are likely to quickly occlude and which ones are likely to remain open following treatment with flow-diverting devices is important to develop optimal patient management strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictions based on computational fluid dynamics models u...

In this work we report for the first time a mathematical approach to model the behaviour of a single oleosome (oil body) within a seed cellular environment. To describe the behaviour of the oleosome membrane, we adopted a dynamical continuum model based on the principle of the virtual work where the intrinsic energy of the lipid membrane is assumed...

In this article, we present a new mathematical/computational formulation for a multicomponent model to study the normal and pathological behaviour of red blood cells in slow transient processes. We take into account (i) the lipid bilayer behaviour, (ii) the cytoskeleton dynamics, (iii) the interaction activity between them, and (iv) the internal cy...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aneurysm wall enhancement has been proposed as a biomarker for inflammation and instability. However, the mechanisms of aneurysm wall enhancement remain unclear. We used 7T MR imaging to determine the effect of flow in different regions of the wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three intracranial aneurysms imaged with 7T M...

Background and Purpose While previous studies have identified many risk factors for the progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, the changes in aneurysm flow characteristics during its evolution are not fully understood. This work analyzes the changes in the aneurysm hemodynamic environment from its initial development to later stages when th...

This work consists in the presentation of a computational modelling approach to study normal and pathological behavior of red blood cells in slow transient processes that can not be accompanied by pure particle methods (which require very small time steps). The basic model, inspired by the best models currently available, considers the cytoskeleton...

This work consists in the presentation of a computational modelling approach to study normal and pathological behavior of red blood cells in slow transient processes that can not be accompanied by pure particle methods (which require very small time steps). The basic model, inspired by the best models currently available, considers the cytoskeleton...

Background Blebs are important secondary structures of intracranial aneurysms associated with increased rupture risk and can affect local wall stress and hemodynamics. Mechanisms of bleb development and evolution are not clearly understood. We investigate the relationship between blebs with different wall characteristics and local hemodynamics an...

Background Blebs are rupture risk factors in intracranial aneurysms (IAs), but their prevalence, distribution, and associations with clinical factors as well as their causes and effects on aneurysm vulnerability remain unclear. Methods A total of 122 blebs in 270 IAs selected for surgery were studied using patient-specific vascular reconstructions...

Background Although it is generally believed that blebs represent weaker spots in the walls of intracranial aneurysms (IAs), it is largely unknown which aneurysm characteristics favor their development. Objective To investigate possible associations between aneurysm hemodynamic and geometric characteristics and the development of blebs in intracra...

Background Hemodynamic patterns have been associated with cerebral aneurysm instability. For patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the inflow rates of a patient are typically not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of inter- and intra-patient variations of cerebral blood flow on the computed hemodyna...

Purpose Incidental aneurysms pose a challenge to physicians who need to decide whether or not to treat them. A statistical model could potentially support such treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to compare a previously developed aneurysm rupture logistic regression probability model (LRM) to other machine learning (ML) classifiers for d...

Background and purpose: Intrasaccular flow diversion offers a promising treatment option for complex bifurcation aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to compare the flow conditions between successfully occluded and incompletely occluded aneurysms treated with intrasaccular devices. Materials and methods: The hemodynamics in 18 completely occ...

Objective: Although the clinical and biological importance of calcification is well recognized for the extracerebral vasculature, its role in cerebral vascular disease, particularly, intracranial aneurysms (IAs), remains poorly understood. Extracerebrally, 2 distinct mechanisms drive calcification, a nonatherosclerotic, rapid mineralization in the...

Objective: Incidental aneurysms pose a challenge for physicians, who need to weigh the rupture risk against the risks associated with treatment and its complications. A statistical model could potentially support such treatment decisions. A recently developed aneurysm rupture probability model performed well in the US data used for model training...

Introduction Modeling the flow dynamics in cerebral aneurysms after the implantation of intra‐saccular devices is important for understanding the relationship between flow conditions created immediately post‐treatment and the subsequent outcomes. This information, ideally available a priori based on computational modeling prior to implantation, is...

Background For a treatment decision of unruptured cerebral aneurysms, physicians and patients need to weigh the risk of treatment against the risk of hemorrhagic stroke caused by aneurysm rupture. The aim of this study was to externally evaluate a recently developed statistical aneurysm rupture probability model, which could potentially support suc...

Background and purpose: Hostile hemodynamic conditions and geometries are thought to predispose aneurysms for instability and rupture. This study compares stable, unstable, and ruptured aneurysms while controlling for location and patient characteristics. Materials and methods: The hemodynamics and geometries of 165 stable, 65 unstable, and 554...

Purpose: Unruptured cerebral aneurysms pose a dilemma for physicians who need to weigh the risk of a devastating subarachnoid hemorrhage against the risk of surgery or endovascular treatment and their complications when deciding on a treatment strategy. A prediction model could potentially support such treatment decisions. The aim of this study wa...

Background: Intracranial aneurysms at the posterior communicating artery (PCOM) are known to have high rupture rates compared to other locations. We developed and internally validated a statistical model discriminating between ruptured and unruptured PCOM aneurysms based on hemodynamic and geometric parameters, angio-architectures, and patient age...

Introduction Connecting local hemodynamics, biomechanics and tissue properties in cerebral aneurysms is important for understanding the processes of wall degeneration and subsequent aneurysm progression and rupture. This challenging problem requires integration of data from multiple sources. Methods This paper describes tools and techniques develo...

Background and purpose Vertebrobasilar dolichoectatic and fusiform aneurysms (VBDAs) are known to have a poor natural history, with high rates of growth, rupture, and stroke. The purpose of this study was to identify hemodynamic characteristics that differ between VBDAs associated with growth, rupture, and stroke. Materials and methods VBDAs with...

Objective: Blood flow waveforms - essential data for hemodynamic modeling - are often in practice unavailable to researchers. The objectives of this work were to assess the variability among the waveforms for a clinically relevant older population, and develop data-based methods for addressing the missing waveform data for hemodynamic studies. Ap...

Background and purpose: Different hemodynamic patterns have been associated with aneurysm rupture. The objective was to test whether hemodynamic characteristics of the ruptured aneurysm in patients with multiple aneurysms were different from those in unruptured aneurysms in the same patient. Materials and methods: Twenty-four mirror and 58 ipsil...

Background and purpose: Intracranial aneurysms originating at the posterior communicating artery are known to have high rupture risk compared with other locations. We tested the hypothesis that different angioarchitectures (ie, branch point configuration) of posterior communicating artery aneurysms are associated with aneurysm hemodynamics, which...

Background and purpose: Hemodynamics is thought to be an important factor for aneurysm progression and rupture. Our aim was to evaluate whether flow fields reconstructed from dynamic angiography data can be used to realistically represent the main flow structures in intracranial aneurysms. Materials and methods: DSA-based flow reconstructions, o...

Background and purpose: Saccular intracranial aneurysm is a common disease that may cause devastating intracranial hemorrhage. Hemodynamics, wall remodeling, and wall inflammation have been associated with saccular intracranial aneurysm rupture. We investigated how saccular intracranial aneurysm hemodynamics is associated with wall remodeling and...

Currently, several challenges prevent poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles from reaching clinical settings. Among these is a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these particles. We have been studying in depth the formation of patchy polymeric particles. These particles are made of PLGA and lipid-...

The evolution of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is thought to be driven by progressive wall degradation in response to abnormal hemodynamics. Previous studies focused on the relationship between global hemodynamics and wall properties. However, hemodynamics, wall structure and mechanical properties of cerebral aneurysms can be non-uniform across the...

Introduction: Inflammation has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in the degradation and weakening of the walls of intracranial aneurysms. Hypothesis: Abnormal wall shear stress (WSS) levels induce wall inflammation which then affects the wall structure and mechanics Methods: A total of 20 aneurysms which underwent surgical clipping wer...

Introduction: Predicting the course of aneurysms after treatment with flow diverters is important to prognosticate long term outcomes and optimize interventions. Hypothesis: Aneurysm occlusion after flow diversion can be predicted using post-treatment flow information. Methods: Flows in experimental aneurysms in rabbits (n=15) and clinical cases (n...

A finite element formulation to approximate the behavior of lipid membranes is proposed. The mathematical model incorporates tangential viscous stresses and bending elastic forces, together with the inextensibility constraint and the enclosed volume constraint. The membrane is discretized by a surface mesh made up of planar triangles, over which a...

Patchy polymeric particles have anisotropic surface domains that can be remarkably useful in diverse medical and industrial fields because of their ability to simultaneously present two different surface chemistries on the same construct. In this article, we report the mechanisms involved in the formation of novel lipid-polymeric hollow patchy part...

Background and purpose Implanted, actual flow diverter pore density is thought to be strongly influenced by proper matching between the device size and parent artery diameter. The objective of this study was to characterize the correlation between device sizing, metal coverage, and the resultant occlusion of aneurysms following flow diverter treatm...

Purpose To assess hemodynamic differences between aneurysms that occlude rapidly and those occluding in delayed fashion after flow diversion in rabbits. Methods Thirty-six elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits were treated with flow diverting devices. Aneurysm occlusion was assessed angiographically immediately before they were sacrificed at 1 (n=6...

Quantification and characterization of the hemodynamic environment created after flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms is important to understand the effects of flow diverters and their interactions with the biology of the aneurysm wall and the thrombosis process that takes place subsequently. This paper describes the construction of multi...

Understanding the flow alteration in side branches during flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms is important to prevent ischemic complications and improve device designs. Flow diverters were placed in the aorta of four rabbits crossing the origin of side arteries. Subject-specific computational models were constructed from 3D angiographies...

Simulations using the patient-specific geometry of the aneurysm may help in a better planning of the treatment and in a consequent reduction of the associated risks. We propose, evaluate, and implement a methodology for the simulation of flow diverter (FD) devices in intracranial aneurysms by using a porous medium method (PMM), which greatly reduce...

Morphometric information of the brain vascularization is valuable for a variety of clinical and scientific applications. In particular, this information is important when creating arterial tree models for imposing boundary conditions in numerical simulations of the brain hemodynamics. The purpose of this work is to provide quantitative descriptions...

Predicting the outcome of flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms remains challenging. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between hemodynamic conditions created immediately after flow diversion and subsequent occlusion of experimental aneurysms in rabbits. The hemodynamic environment before and after flow-diversion treatment of elas...

Evaluation of flow diversion treatment of intracranial aneurysms is difficult owing to lack of knowledge of the target hemodynamic environment. To identify hemodynamic conditions created after flow diversion that induce fast aneurysm occlusion. Two groups of aneurysms treated with flow diverters alone were selected: (a) aneurysms completely occlude...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occlusion time of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters depends on the hemodynamic conditions created immediately after treatment. A case study of a pair of tandem intracranial aneurysms that were treated with flow-diverting devices and occluded at different times was carried out. A...

Quantifying the hemodynamic environment within aneurysms and its change after deployment of flow diverting devices is important to assess the device efficacy and understand their long-term effects. The purpose of this study was to estimate deviations in the quantification of the relative change of hemodynamic variables during flow diversion treatme...

Background and purpose: Hemodynamics play an important role in the mechanisms that govern the initiation, growth, and possible rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize these dynamics, classify them, and connect them to aneurysm rupture. Materials and methods: Image-based computational fluid dyn...

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Characterization of the complex branching architecture of cerebral arteries across a representative sample of the human population is important for diagnosing, analyzing, and predicting pathological states. Brain arterial vasculature can be visualized by Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). However, most MRA studies are limited to qualitative asse...

Assessing the risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms is important for planning elective interventions. Since hemodynamics is thought to play a fundamental role in the mechanisms governing aneurysm progression and rupture, numerous investigations have tried to connect aneurysm hemodynamic conditions and rupture. In our previous work aneurysm flow pat...

The use of flow diverting devices to treat complex intracranial aneurysms difficult to treat with coils and clips has recently received substantial attention. Initial experiences with increasing numbers of patients have been carried out with promising results [1]. However, it is still difficult to predict the outcome and/or the aneurysm occlusion t...

Detailed knowledge of the brain vascular architecture is important not only for gaining insight into a variety of vascular pathologies and brain diseases, but also when creating arterial tree models to be used for imposing boundary conditions in numerical simulations [1]. A variety of methods have been developed to build realistic arterial trees [2...

The development of automatic techniques to port a substantial portion of FEFLO, a general-purpose legacy CFD code operating on unstructured grids, to run on GPUs is described. FEFLO is a typical adaptive, edge-based finite element code for the solution of compressible and incompressible flows, which is primarily written in Fortran 77 and has previo...

Background and purpose: Flow-diverting devices are increasingly being considered for large or giant aneurysms with wide necks, which are difficult to treat with coils or clips. These devices are often oversized to achieve good positioning against the artery wall. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of oversized flow-diverting dev...

Hemodynamics is thought to be a fundamental factor in the formation, progression and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Understanding these mechanisms is important to improve their rupture risk assessment and treatment. In this study we analyze the blood flow field in a growing cerebral aneurysm using experimental particle image velocimetry (PIV) and c...

We construct one-dimensional sets known as vortex corelines for computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of blood flow in patient specific cerebral aneurysm models. These sets identify centers of swirling blood flow that may play an important role in the biological mechanisms causing aneurysm growth, rupture, and thrombosis. We highlight three...

Extensions of deflation techniques previously developed for the Poisson equation to static elasticity are presented. Compared to the (scalar) Poisson equation (J. Comput. Phys. 2008; 227(24):10196–10208; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2010; DOI: 10.1002/nme.2932; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. Engng 2010; 26(1):73–85), the elasticity equations represent...

Extensions and improvements to a deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient technique for the solution of the pressure-Poisson equation within an incompressible flow solver are described. In particular, the use of the technique for embedded grids, for cases where volume of fluid or level set schemes are required and its implementation on parallel m...

During the last decade, the convergence of medical imaging and computational modeling technologies has enabled tremendous progress in the development and application of image-based computational fluid dynamics modeling of patient-specific blood flows. These techniques have been used for studying the basic mechanisms involved in the initiation and p...

Extensions of deflation techniques previously developed for the Poisson equation to static elasticity and acoustics are presented. Compared to the (scalar) Poisson equation,4, 52, 58 the elasticity equations represent a system of equations, giving rise to more complex low frequency modes.73 In particular, the straightforward extension from the scal...

Although endosaccular coiling of aneurysms has been shown to be effective and has arguably replaced surgery for the treatment of most aneurysms it has significant limitations in achieving durable occlusion of many large and giant aneurysms because of a propensity for recanalization. For this reason flow diverting stents are increasingly been consid...

Assessing the risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms is important for clinicians because the natural rupture risk can be exceeded by the small but significant risk carried by current treatments. To this end numerous investigators have used image-based computational fluid dynamics models to extract patient-specific hemodynamics information, but t...

Hemodynamics are thought to play an important role in the mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis, progression, and rupture. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative measures related to qualitative flow characteristics previously analyzed and to investigate their relationship to aneurysm rupture. The hemodynamic environments in 210 cerebral...

Hemodynamic factors are thought to play an important role in the initiation, growth, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. This report describes a study of the associations between qualitative intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics and the rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Two hundred ten consecutive aneurysms were analyzed by using patient-specific CFD simulatio...

Flow-diverting approaches to intracranial aneurysm treatment had many promising early results, but recent apparently successful treatments have been complicated by later aneurysm hemorrhage. We analyzed 7 cases of aneurysms treated with flow diversion to explore the possible rupture mechanisms. CFD analysis of pre- and posttreatment conditions was...

This paper describes the porting of a substantial portion of FEFLO to GPUs FEFLO is an adaptive, edge-based finite element code for the solution of compressible and incompressible flow, which is primarily written in Fortran 77 and has previously been ported to vector, shared memory parallel and distributed memory parallel machines. Due to the large...

Because the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm is very poor, preventive surgery or endovascular interventions are performed on most aneurysms. However, the risk of the interventions can outweigh the natural risk of rupture of unruptured aneurysms. Therefore, it would be highly beneficial if the risk of ru...

Recently there has been increased interest in the use of flow diverting devices to treat intracranial aneurysms. The goal is to deviate the blood flow away from the aneurysm and promote its thrombosis and exclusion from the circulation. This therapy is mostly considered for large, geometrically complex, wide necked, unruptured aneurysms that are di...

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are increasingly becoming a mainstream platform for high performance computational fluid dynamics. This paper describes the porting of a substantial portion of FEFLO, an adaptive, edge-based finite element code for the solution of compressible and incompressible flow, to run on GPUs. The code is primarily written in...

Extensions and improvements to a deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient technique are considered. In particular, the use of the technique for embedded grids, for cases where volume of fluid (VOF) or level set (LS) schemes are required, its implementation on parallel machines and its extension to the elasticity equations are considered. Several...

The major concern with the use of stents as flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is the potential occlusion of a perforating artery or other side branches which can cause ischemic strokes. This article presents image-based patient-specific models of stented cerebral aneurysms in which a small side artery has been jailed by the...

The study of hemodynamics in arterial models constructed from patient-specific medical images requires the solution of the incompressible flow equations in geometries characterized by complex branching tubular structures. The main challenge with this kind of geometries is that the convergence rate of the pressure Poisson solver is dominated by the...

Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of stents as endovascular flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Simulating this novel method of treatment is essential for understanding the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics in order to design better stents and to personalize and optimize the endovascular stenting procedur...

The computation of the blood flow in arterial models requires the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations [1,2]. The geometry of these models is characterized by complex branching tubular domains. The main challenge with this kind of geometries is that the convergence rate of the pressure Poisson solver is dominated by the graph dept...

Recently, there has been increased interest in the use of flow divertion endovascular devices such as stents [1–3] to treat unruptured cerebral aneurysms. The goal of these devices is to deviate the blood flow away from the aneurysm and promote its thrombosis and exclusion from the circulation. However, one of the major concerns with these devices...

Currently there is increased interest in the use of stents as flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially wide necked aneurysms that are difficult to treat by coil embolization or surgical clipping. This paper presents image-based patient-specific computational models of the hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms before and a...

Knowledge of the hemodynamics in normal arterial trees of the brain is important to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Information about the baseline values of hemodynamic variables such as velocity magnitudes, swirling flows, wall shear stress, pressure drops, vascular resis...

Detailed knowledge of the hemodynamic conditions in normal cerebral arteries is important for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to the initiation and progression of cerebrovascular diseases. The goal of our research is to characterize the hemodynamic patterns in the major cerebral arteries of normal subjects using 4D phase...

A deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient technique has been developed for the solution of the Pressure-Poisson equation within an incompressible flow solver. The deflation is done using a region-based decomposition of the unknowns, making it extremely simple to implement. This procedure belongs to the family of hybrid methods (making use of bot...