Fernando Rubiera Morollón

University of Oviedo | UNIOVI · Laboratorio de Análisis Económico Regional - REGIOlab

The latest research and development (R&D) framework programmes of the European Union (EU), “Horizon 2020” and “Horizon Europe”, have significantly increased the resources available to promote science and innovation in Europe. However, the strong competitiveness of the research teams and their search for excellence may cause inequality in the spatia...

International trade is one of the key spheres of economic policy. It is crucial for a country to understand the dynamics of its export markets to create a coherent strategy to improve its position in global markets. Research in this field is particularly interesting for both economists and policy makers. However, due to a lack of data, most of the...

Minimizing travel in the urban environment facilitates the development of sustainable cities. A key aspect is that there is a wide supply of amenities and facilities in the neighbourhoods: if most of the needs of families, goods and services can be covered from the sub-centers of the residential areas, it will be possible to reduce daily intra-urba...

Despite seven decades of development of the European Union project, on June 22, 2016, the United Kingdom, Europe and the rest of the world were surprised when the Leave campaign won the Brexit referendum, offering an extraordinary case study for researchers. We spatially disaggregate the vote share data, which allows us to explore where anti‐Europe...

Mexico has experienced intense urbanization in recent decades. Although all the metropolitan areas of the country have grown, the size generated by the megalopolis of the Valle de México is especially relevant since it is able to generate more intense agglomeration economies than those of the rest of the urban concentrations. This heterogeneity in...

El modelo residencial disperso, consistente en un dominio de viviendas unifamiliares con baja densidad de construcción y población, se está extendiendo en Europa y en España. La crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19 previsiblemente acelerará esta dinámica hacia la dispersión urbana. En este contexto, en este artículo utilizamos el modelo input-output par...

El modelo residencial disperso, consistente en un dominio de viviendas unifamiliares con baja densidad de construcción y población, se está extendiendo en Europa y en España. La crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19 previsiblemente acelerará esta dinámica hacia la dispersión urbana. En este contexto, en este artículo utilizamos el modelo input-output par...

Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that is generally growing across all continents. As a result, modern city structures need larger areas for similar populations. Few studies have evaluated the effects of sprawl on an important aspect in terms of sustainable development: energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether urban sprawl has a s...

A Bahia está entre os estados com maior número de mortes por homicídios no Brasil. Tal fenômeno delineou o objetivo deste trabalho que visa identificar a relação entre o tamanho das cidades e os índices de criminalidade (número de homicídios) por município da Bahia. Inicialmente, construiu-se um mapa do número de homicídios, aplicando-se o I-Moran...

Este libro presenta de manera clara y en términos sencillos los principios básicos y teorías fundamentales de la economía urbana y regional. Al mismo tiempo se abordan aspectos trabajados mas recientemente en la literatura especializada como la heterogeneidad espacial del crecimiento y el desarrollo, la importancia de las áreas metropolitanas o la...

In this paper we propose a methodology to obtain social indicators at a detailed spatial scale by combining the information contained in census and sample surveys. Similarly to previous proposals, the method proposed here estimates a model at the sample level to later project it to the census scale. The main novelties of the technique presented are...

In the EU, territorial inequalities in terms of income and poverty have been broadly analysed at the national and regional levels. However, mainly due to the lack of reliable data, very little attention has been paid to territorial inequalities within European regions, i.e., at a more local level, such as in metropolitan areas, cities or neighbourh...

En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento sencillo para obtener proyecciones demográficas para áreas geográficas pequeñas. El método aquí presentado se basa en asumir que las tendencias de las zonas que se van a proyectar serán similares a las observadas en períodos anteriores, y en tomar las proyecciones para áreas geográficas más extensas com...

The urban sprawl phenomenon has attracted the attention of social researchers since the mid-20th century. It seemed that all relevant aspects had been extensively studied and that it would be difficult to produce new studies with significant contributions. However, in the last decade, we have witnessed a revival of the literature on urban sprawl fo...

Neighborhood characteristics increase human well-being and happiness and is becoming a key criterion for residential location decisions nowadays. This paper proposes a tool to measure neighborhood characteristics, especially those that increase its sustainability, and to rank neighborhoods based on different residents’ profiles. The proposed rankin...

The objective of this work is to study employment growth and its determinants in Spain at a high degree of spatial disaggregation. The impossibility of obtaining GDP data at the local scale makes this a particularly interesting issue, as employment growth can be used as a proxy for local economic growth—and can therefore be expected to provide some...

The relation between urban agglomeration and final food consumer prices is controversial. Pressure over the land in large cities results in higher prices in general and for feeding products in particular. On the other hand, large cities provide greater competition among firm, which might drop prices down. Previous literature studying this issue was...

Continental integration processes can alter traditional development axes. Paelinck and Polèse´s work in 1999 explains that in the case of Mexico there is a tension between the U.S. border and the rest of the country: Mexico´s integration in the NAFTA should have reduced the U.S. border attraction, extending the growth to territories located between...

In the 2000s, and with natural population growth rates close to zero, Spain experienced an inflow of almost 5 million immigrants. These new Spanish residents did not tend to locate evenly across the territory and contributed to putting pressure on the already large spatial population imbalances between cities and rural areas, between the coast and...

Urban sprawl is rapidly occurring in many Spanish urban areas. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how the trend of building dispersion of new residential areas may be affecting the fiscal stability of local governments in Spain. The wide diversity of the characteristics of Spanish urban areas as well as the existence of very similar local f...

The β-convergence model is based on the neoclassical framework in which the spatial level of analysis is not relevant. These levels will result in decreasing returns. However, local processes of agglomeration, spillover effects, or other forces could operate differently depending on the level of spatial disaggregation. The primary objective of this...

During the last two decades, the Spanish economy has been growing both in terms of employment and economic activity, and the spatial distribution of both is very uneven. At a high level of disaggregation, when observing figures of local employment growth we find major changes between 1991 and 2001 and 2001–2011 decades. The aim of this paper is to...

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The maps on the right-hand side in Fig. 1 have the wrong titles. NUTS 2 regions should be Local Labour Markets. © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature

The present study describes a new educational methodology conducted in educational programs through the elaboration of documentary videos by students. This project links the field of academic research with the acquisition of skills for the labor market. The monitoring of the guided project is based on the use of information and communication techno...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

O livro é composto por três partes. A primeira trata dos fundamentos da Economia Urbana e Regional, referindo-se às suas bases conceituais e analíticas e os fundamentos da Economia de Aglomeração. A segunda parte aborda a Economia Urbana, tratando das principais teorias da localização e do impacto da distância e do espaço sobre a atividade econômic...

Spain is an ageing country, and the present demographic burden is not homogeneously distributed across space. Will the aged population be evenly distributed in the future, or will disparities broaden over time? Identifying the spatial patterns of the aged population concentration and the existence of a demographic burden convergence/divergence proc...

Urban wage premium is defined as the wage gap favouring workers located in the larger metropolises of a country. Glaeser and Maré (2001) or Gould (2007) identified that the wage differential between the larger urban areas in the United States and the rest of the urban system can reach 30%. There are few studies for the Spanish case, but recently De...

In this paper, Ciccone's (2002) approach is applied to the Spanish case in 2011 but by estimating it using local labor markets (LLMs) instead of NUTS-2 or NUTS-3 regions. It is especially relevant in the case of Spain because the NUTS-3 (provinces) are large regions in comparison with other cases in Europe. From a sample of income taxpayers publish...

The growth and sprawl of current cities combined with the improvement of communications generate a higher integration of rural and urban spaces making difficult to distinguish one from another. However, to properly apply agrarian or rural policies as well as to planning the growth of the surroundings of the urban areas or to protect natural environ...

El libro recoge un conjunto de aportaciones novedosas de profesores universitarios, de los cuatro puntos cardinales de España, agrupados en cuatro ámbitos básicos: política económica, economía regional, economía de los servicios y economía española y europea, que rinden homenaje a la labor docente e investigadora del profesor Juan Ramón Cuadrado Ro...

Residential electricity consumption constitutes one of the largest sources of Spanish final energy demand. To improve electricity savings, policies oriented towards efficiency in residential consumption, such as replacement of appliances or the construction of nearly-zero energy buildings, have been suggested and implemented. However, the potential...

The extensive literature on economic convergence has explored a wide variety of ways of measuring convergence in addition to finely tuning and improving the applicable econometric techniques. However, very few contributions analyze the relevance of the spatial level of analysis. Our hypothesis is that studying the convergence at the level of large...

Empirical analysis of regional convergence does not focus its attention on the spatial level of the data. Most of the time, the analysis is made at the aggregated level, by large regions or states, where there are more data available. However, when there is a wide intra-regional heterogeneity, it is possible to have regional convergence coexisting...

Antecedentes: La búsqueda de las tasas impositivas óptimas ha sido recurrente en las discusiones de política fiscal. En particular, la relación entre la estructura tributaria y el crecimiento económico ha hecho resurgir la hipótesis de Laffer que implica la existencia de una relación parabólica entre el nivel de impuestos y los ingresos obtenidos....

Background: Regional Economics and Economic Growth focus on the question of whether trade leads to a greater concentration of economic activity. Nevertheless, little empirical work has assessed the impact of trade on regional convergence. Therefore, this paper studies the regional convergence that has occurred in Mexico since NAFTA came into effect...

Urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in cities that have grown following the generalized use of private vehicles as the main means of transport. Although it has not been a frequent phenomenon in Europe, many cities on the old continent have begun to sprawl in recent decades. This paper analyses the case of Madrid using Geographical Information Syste...

Higher cost of living in urban areas? An AIDS-based analysis of food in Spain. Regional Studies. This article measures the urban–rural gap in the consumption costs for Spain in 2013, basing the comparisons on the estimation of an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) of food from data on the household budget survey. Besides an unconditional comparison,...

Empirical analysis of regional convergence is normally based on data collected at a geographical scale corresponding to states or large regions (NUTS-2 or NUTS-3 for the case of Europe). However, it could be more realistic to consider that the dynamics generating economic growth take place at a smaller spatial scale. Potential heterogeneity across...

The aging population in Europe is reaching alarming ratios and is going to continue growing during the next decades. Furthermore, if we pay attention to the aging spatial distribution we observe a concentration of the older population in the peripheral regions. In this context, the development of strategies, policies and good practices becomes nece...

The shortage of engineering professionals in working life together with the development of new teaching technologies had led to the necessity of real practices in engineering education field. This paper shows a project management simulation in which System Dynamics is proposed to apply for analyzing the effects of adding manpower to a software proj...

El envejecimiento de la población europea alcanza niveles alarmantes y continuará creciendo en las próximas décadas. Además, se observa una concentración espacial de la población mayor de sesenta y cinco años. Por ello se ha despertado la necesidad de articular estrategias, políticas y buenas prácticas destinadas, bien a reducir el ritmo de envejec...

Urban sprawl has a major impact on the environment, public health and the socio-economic evolution of cities. The causes are numerous, being mainly related to the generalized use of the automobile in modern cities. Urban sprawl has been especially relevant in US cities since the 1950s, rapidly spreading to other cities in the rest of the world. Thi...

Formal modeling of local population growth has usually tended to focus on identifying patterns that are presumed to hold universally. However, as Glaeser, Ponzetto, and Tobio highlighted, these laws are reliable for long-term dynamics; but in some moments or for some places, the balance between the different factors may change, giving rise to diffe...

Regional Economics and Economic Growth focus on the question of whether trade leads to a greater concentration of economic activity. Yet little empirical work has assessed the regional convergence impacts of trade. Therefore this paper studies the regional convergence from trade in Mexico after NAFTA. Unlike previous papers, working with municipal-...

Population projections are used as a common framework to orientate different policies and planning in several fields including public retirement systems, health care and education. They would be also needed for the urban planning as well as for other local policies such us social services but these projections are usually made at a certain level of...

In this paper, we put forth the view that the potential for urbanization economies increases with interaction opportunities. From that premise follow three fundamental properties that an agglomeration index should possess: (1) to increase with the concentration of population and conform to the Pigou–Dalton transfer principle; (2) to increase with t...

El crecimiento urbano disperso es uno de los problemas principales a los que se enfrenta el urbanismo actual. Ciudades excesivamente dispersas generan mas contaminacion y condiciones de vida menos saludables. Las politicas urbanisticas actuales tratan de frenar la tendencia de las sociedades avanzadas a generar ciudades dispersas. Una amplia litera...

Even though there is a general consensus in the regional economics literature about the relevance of agglomeration economies in the distribution of economic activity, analyses of regional differences in employability in Spain have found limited empirical evidence about the role played by population concentrations. Our hypothesis in this paper is th...

The concentration of economic activity across space is a stylized fact of the literature in regional and urban economics. In the case of the United States (US), only 35 counties at the top of the distribution, out of a total of 3,138, generate more than one third of the country’s total personal income. Furthermore, US urban structure follows Zipf’s...

Urban sprawl is one of the main problems of modern urbanism. Cities too much sprawled produce more contamination and worst quality life conditions. The current urban policies attempt to slow the advanced society's tendency to generate sprawled cities. There are a lot of contributions in the urban economics literature that try to understand the caus...

Are food price elasticities different across city sizes? The aim of this article is to estimate expenditure and own-price elasticities for 10 aggregated food product groups using the Spanish Household Budget Survey for the year 2010. These products are the ones for which the survey provides information regarding prices and quantities, thus allowing...

The availability of geographically disaggregated data, especially referred to the urban and metropolitan areas, is a growing need not only for academic studies in the field of economics but also for policy makers. However, in many cases the degree of disaggregation of official statistics does not allow to have information at a desirable level. In t...

A relatively frequent problem when cross-classified data is needed (for example region $\times $ industry) is that only aggregate (not cross-classified) data exists. Filling the gaps by combining data from diverse sources usually requires data conciliation. Ecological inference and entropy estimation techniques can be useful tools for this type...

p>La implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha traído consigo un profundo cambio normativo para converger con el resto de Europa y ha venido acompañada por una profunda revisión de las metodologías docentes. Desde un modelo basado en clases presenciales y centrado en el profesor, se ha fomentado el desarrollo de un modelo personaliz...

Empirical evidence on consumer behavior is of major importance in the formulation and analysis of economic policies. Changes in prices, income level, or decisions regarding taxes or other structural reforms that affect relative prices may produce very different effects depending on family income distribution or also across space. The aim of this pa...

The period between 2000 and 2007 was a period in which Spain was growing in a bubble around the construction sector driven by the boom in real estate and the high growth rate of public infrastructures. The macroeconomic consequences of this unbalanced growth of the construction are well known but the consequences for urban planning have been less s...

Over the last 100 years, Urban and Regional Economics has grown spectacularly as an applied field of Economic Science, using the terminology proposed by Schumpeter in 1954. This discipline has been capable of providing theories and analysis that go far beyond its strict goals. Some of the most interesting economic theories of the past 20 years have...

The spatial dynamics of dispersion/concentration of economic activity can be explained by opposing centripetal and centrifugal forces. Neoclassical economics provides a precise explanation for centrifugal processes but it was not until the advent of the New Economic Geography that the existence and workings of centripetal forces were understood. Th...

Existe una amplia literatura que estudia la productividad de las ciudades y las causas de las diferencias existentes. Tales diferencias pueden deberse a factores económicos, geográficos o características de la propia ciudad tales como su tamaño, estructura urbana o gestión entre otros. En algunos países las estadísticas oficiales permiten disponer...

The relationship between city size and territorial productivity has attracted much attention in the urban economic literature. Some theories on the field claim for a strong positive correlation between the size of the municipalities and their income, mainly motivated by economical reasons, geographical characteristics or other factor of the urban e...

El crecimiento de las ciudades implica una extensión del espacio metropolitano. Nuevos subcentros aparecen para garantizar la provisión de bienes y servicios en todo el espacio metropolitano sin desplazamientos de la población a diario. Sin embargo, este tipo de desarrollo bien podría reforzar la hegemonía del centro de la ciudad principal o dar lu...

The spatial distribution of employment in service industries is compared for Spain and Canada for nine (9) industry classes. The empirical and theoretical literature on modern services stresses the importance of agglomeration economies for high-order services. The relationship between city-size and location is examined with emphasis on cases that d...

Las dinámicas de dispersión/concentración de la actividad económica a lo largo del espacio se explican por la oposición de fuerzas centrípetas vs. centrífugas. La Economía Neoclásica señaló con precisión las causas de los procesos centrífugos pero fue necesario esperar a la Nueva Geografía Económica para entender completamente la existencia y funci...

Internal homogeneity and also heterogeneity between the regions are both desirable properties for a better understanding of the local labor markets and for increasing the efficiency of any industrial policy applied at local level. However, studies of the labor markets that include a spatial dimension are commonly limited to administrative rather th...

The probability of being employed varies depending on several factors. Many of these are related to personal characteristics such as educational level, age, gender, or number and age of children. Nevertheless, other factors may be relevant, in particular the geographical environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relevance of urban si...

El uso de servicios a empresas intensivos en conocimiento (KIBS) se ha convertido en un elemento esencial para la competitividad en las economías desarrolladas. Las ventajas competitivas a menudo se relacionan con la capacidad de innovación, el uso adecuado de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, el diseño de productos o el análisis...

We carry out an analysis of the determinants of location for business services within a region, as opposed to the more usual comparisons among nations or regions. The expected higher concentration patterns at this level can be further biased when one or more urban centers have a disproportionate weight in regional economic activity. We propose an e...

El crecimiento de las ciudades trae consigo una extensión del espacio metropolitano. Aparecen nuevos subcentros que garantizan la provisión de bienes y servicios sin necesidad de desplazamientos diarios de la población. Sin embargo este desarrollo puede producirse manteniendo la primacía del centro principal de la ciudad o asistiendo a un declive d...

The growth of cities implies an extension of the metropolitan space. New sub-centers appear which guarantee the provision of goods and services throughout the metropolitan space without daily population displacements. However, this type of development could either reinforce the hegemony of the main city centre or lead to its decline. When a strong...

In this paper we adopt an entropy econometrics-based estimator to study regional variations in regression coefficients and apply it to analyse productivity growths generated by R&D activities at a regional level. Considering the possible effects of the region's own R&D stock as well as the spillovers produced in other regions, the paper proposes th...

La inversión directa en servicios ha experimentado un fuerte crecimiento en nuestro país. De media el 60 por 100 de la inversión directa que recibe España corresponde a ramas de los servicios. Este artículo explora las dinámicas sectoriales y, fundamentalmente, espaciales de esta inversión directa terciaria. Se analizan los factores políticos y geo...

A raíz de la desarticulación del mercado socialista, la economía cubana realizó una transformación radical de su patrón comercial internacional. Los servicios, no sólo turísticos, son ahora el nuevo sector en el que la economía cubana se ha especializado y el ámbito internacional de operaciones comerciales han pasado a ser los países latinos de su...

RESUMEN La ampliación europea ha supuesto un giro importante en las políticas comunitarias. Una de las más afectadas ha sido la Política de Cohesión que debe hacer frente a una Europa con mayores desigualdades territoriales en un contexto presupuestario muy limitado. La nueva Política de Cohesión iniciada en 2007 debe lograr mayor eficiencia ponie...

The search for the maximum use of scale and agglomeration economies and the need to operate firms in the most flexible way have provided a strong impulse for companies to increase their use of external intermediate services. Because of their strategic role, the use of business services that are intensive both in labour qualification and in technolo...

The location of economic activity in Spain is analysed, employing a methodology previously applied to Canada. We ask whether the regularities posited for Canada also hold for Spain, despite the differences in geography. Using census data for the years 1991 and 2001, Spain's 8,086 municipalities are classified according to population size and distan...

The use of advanced business services has become an essential element for competitiveness in modern economies in which traditional competitive advantages based on prices, lower labour costs or the abundance of natural resources are being replaced by new advantages based on higher quality, greater knowledge or the use of information and communicatio...

Los servicios avanzados a las empresas se definen como actividades terciarias reales de consumo intermedio caracterizadas por tener elevados requerimientos de trabajo cualificado y tecnologías avanzadas. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio descriptivo del comportamiento del empleo en estas actividades del terciario en la economía asturiana, así c...

Los servicios empresariales se caracterizan por la intensidad con la que tienden a concentrarse espacialmente. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta metodológica para estimar las causas de sus procesos de concentración, combinando seis variables explicativas en un escueto modelo econométrico. La aplicación empírica de dicha propuesta se refiere...

En el Consejo Europeo de Lisboa (2000) los Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de la Unión Europea fijaron como objetivo conseguir que la economía europea se convirtiese en la más competitiva y dinámi-ca del mundo para el año 2010. De este modo las actividades de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) se convierten en uno de los principales instrumentos para l...

At Lisbon European Council (2000) the Union set a new strategic goal for the next decade: to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by the year 2010. Achieving this goal requires an overall strategy in which Research and Development activities (R&D) are a key and basic tool. In this context, the aim of this pap...

El uso de servicios intensivos en conocimiento por parte de las empresas para el desarrollo de su actividad se ha generalizado convirtiéndose en un elemento esencial de su capacidad competitiva. Sin embargo, la satisfacción de estas necesidades terciarias se puede realizar mediante la contratación externa o mediante la provisión interna de las mism...

Hirugarren sektoreak ekonomia aurreratuetan izan duen hazkundearen zergati nagusietako bat zenbait enpresa zerbitzuen kanpo kontsumoan aurki dezakegu. Jokabide horren atzean, lana banatzeak dakartzan onurak baino ez dira ezkutatzen, are nabariagoak teknologia zerbitzuez eta/edo langileak prestatzeko zerbitzuez ari bagara. Hori horrela izanik, zerbi...

Las sociedades actuales se caracterizan por el relevante papel del conocimiento. El dominio del mismo así como la capacidad para incrementarlo se ha convertido en un requisito fundamental para asegurar el crecimiento económico. Esto convierte a las universidades en una pieza clave del desarrollo económico actual al ser las principales instituciones...

A large body of empirical literature ascribes a high degree of responsibility by the service sector for the difficulties in lowering inflation in the Spanish economy in the 1980s and early 1990s. Despite the fact that most of the branches in this sector are characterised by their lower ability to increase productivity, service wages have increased...

Resumen: La utilización de servicios avanzados por parte de las empresas se ha convertido en un elemento esencial para su competitividad. En el contexto actual , ciertos servicios son generalmente contratados externamente para aprovechar las ventajas que se derivan de la especialización y división del trabajo así como de las economías de escala y a...

Una de las causas del aumento del terciario en las economías avanzadas es el creciente consumo externo de ciertos servicios empresariales. Detrás de este comportamiento está la búsqueda de las ventajas que proporciona la división del trabajo, especialmente relevante en aquellos servicios que tienen mayores requerimientos de tecnología y formación d...