Fernando Molero

• PhD in Social Psychology
• National University of Distance Education

Introduction This study examines the relationships between secure base leadership, organizational identification, and resilience among military cadets, utilizing the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework. Specifically, it explores the mediating role of work engagement in these associations within the context of military trai...

Parents tend to experience more stress when their children have intellectual disabilities (ID), and this stress often increases the frequency of family conflicts. Previous research has shown that disability in children negatively impacts marital relationships. The present study analyzes, with reference to the double ABCX model of family adaptation,...

Leadership plays a key role in the well-being of military personnel, either contributing to health improvement or, conversely, becoming a source of stress. In the present study we propose that security providing leadership can reduce work stress in the military context. Furthermore, we suggest that security-providing leaders exert their positive in...

The Dyadic-Familial Relationship Satisfaction Scale (DFRSS) is a valid and reliable instrument to assess dyadic and familial dimensions of relationship satisfaction in cohabitant couples with children. The main goal of this research was to validate the Spanish version of the DFRSS (Sp-DFRSS) following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations....

La pandemia de la COVID-19 llevó aparejadas medidas gubernamentales de restricción de la actividad y la interacción social, con consecuencias negativas para el bienestar psicológico de la población. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones del espacio vital (tamaño de la vivienda/nº convivientes) y el nivel de estudios de los participant...

PurposeThis study analyzes whether knowing that a male with obesity has a romantic relationship with a normal weight woman improves impressions about him.Methods An online experiment was conducted with a sample of 3024 adult participants (1828 women and 1196 men) with a mean age of 36.11 (SD = 13.49). Each participant was shown two photographs: one...

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a relatively infrequent genodermatosis for which there is still no cure, and which impacts the quality of life of those that are affected by it. The Quality of Life evaluation in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QoLEB) questionnaire was specifically developed for English-speaking persons with EB. Objectives: To...

Purpose: This study analyses whether knowing that an obese individual has a romantic relationship with a normal weight person improves impressions about him. Methods: An online experiment was conducted with a sample of 3,024 adult participants (1,828 women and 1,196 men) with a mean age of 36.11 (SD = 13.49). Each participant was shown two photogra...

Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a relatively infrequent genodermatosis for which there is still no cure, and which impacts on the quality of life of those affected by it. The Quality of Life evaluation in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QoLEB) questionnaire was specifically developed for English-speaking persons with EB. Objectives: To undertake...

Innovation is considered essential for today’s organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers’ innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) the relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) t...

Innovation is considered essential for today’s organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers’ innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) the relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) t...

This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the combined and mediating effect of actor’s withdrawal–partner’s demand conflict resolution strategies between avoidance attachment dimension and relationship satisfaction. We conducted a dyadic study with 175 heterosexual couples (aged between 18 and 72 years) who filled in the questionnaires...

This paper reports the adaptation and validation of the Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI) in a Spanish organizational context. In addition, this study empirically explores the positive relationship between identity leadership and followers’ work engagement as mediated by positive and negative job-related affect. A total of 854 employees from diff...

Leadership styles in work contexts play a role in employees’ well-being, contributing to better health or, on the contrary, being a source of stress. In this study we propose that security providing leadership may be considered as a resource to prevent employees’ job burnout. First, we examine the relationship between employees’ perception of their...

Do leaders who build a sense of shared social identity in their teams thereby protect them from the adverse effects of workplace stress? This is a question that the present paper explores by testing the hypothesis that identity leadership contributes to stronger team identification among employees and, through this, is associated with reduced burno...

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships of participants’ home characteristics (living space) and job prospects after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to their subjective psychological well-being (SWB) (in terms of both affective and cognitive aspects). We also examined the role of participants’ resilience as a p...

The main objective of this study was to examine the consequences of perceived discrimination in people with hearing and visual impairments. Using path analysis, we attempted to validate a multigroup model in which perceived personal discrimination is associated with internalization of stigma, which, in turn, is negatively related to self-esteem; co...

La influencia que los despliegues en operaciones militares tienen sobre la salud mental y el bienestar de los militares desplegados, ha sido siempre un tema de interés, que goza de bastante evidencia empírica. Algunas de las variables abordadas en el estudio de dicha influencia, han sido: el liderazgo y la moral. Objetivos: el presente estudio tend...

The main objective of this research is to examine the consequences of perceived discrimination in family caregivers of people with physical disabilities. Through path analysis, we test the association between caregivers' perceived discrimination and their anxiety and depression and the mediating role that affiliate stigma and self-efficacy may play...

This work focuses on the study of the psychological acculturation process of the largest immigrant group in Spain: Romanian immigrants. It is known that both social support and perceived discrimination affect the acculturation process of immigrant people, but not how those three variables act together. This study aims to analyse the mechanism by wh...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of conflict resolution strategies in the links between the avoidant attachment dimension and relationship satisfaction. The sample comprised 274 participants (ranging from 18 to 73 years old, 58% women). A predictive model of relationship satisfaction was tested, taking into account avoidant attachmen...

Background People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are stigmatized, and therefore discriminated against worldwide and, on many occasions, this stigma and discrimination are expanded to include their family caregivers. The main objective of this research was to examine the consequences of perceived...

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to examine the role of social identification, collective action and resilience in reducing the negative consequences of internalized stigma on the psychological quality of life of people with physical disability using path analysis. We propose a model with two paths: the first through social identifica...

To assess the morale of the troops has been a concern of military leaders throughout history, mainly because of the level of involvement that this factor could have in the resolution of conflicts on the battlefield. The purpose of this research was to obtain evidence of the validity of the internal structure of the Morale Questionnaire used by the...

In three studies we examined, from an attachment perspective, the utility and the validity of a scale assessing followers’ perceptions of leaders as security providers (LSPS). Based on the literature, we designed a 15-item scale tapping the five functions of a security-enhancing attachment figure (secure base, safe haven, proximity seeking, emotion...

The objective of the study is to explore the relationship of authentic leadership with work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in military units, measuring the mediating effect of personal identification with the leader and social identification with the military unit. We used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique...

The internalization of schizophrenia-related stigma highly affects people living with this disease, hindering their recovery process. The aim of this work is to study the effect of alienation and stereotype endorsement on the specific dimensions of schizophrenia-specific quality of life (SQoL), through the damage on self-esteem and self-efficacy. T...

Objective: To analyze the consequences for self-esteem of perceived discrimination against people with physical disabilities, as individuals and as a group. Method: A structural model based on the psychosocial literature was tested in a sample of 288 Spanish participants with different degrees of physical disability. This model predicted that pe...

Previous research has shown that the internalization of schizophrenia-related stigma is associated with a worse prognosis and more suicidal tendencies. Empirical literature suggests that affective well-being —composed of positive affect (e.g. pride, enthusiasm, vitality, inspiration) and negative affect (e.g. shame, guilt, annoyance, worry)— seems...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between sales managers’ authentic leadership style and salespeople’s positive development. Design/methodology/approach Multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the data from 40 work teams from several Spanish retail companies (190 salespeople and 40 sales managers). Fin...

Background: Occupational segregation by gender is one of the major problems faced by professional women in the labor market. Since the sixties, psychological explanations point out that gender stereotypes are responsible for this persistent inequality in the workforce. Nevertheless, most of research has overlooked that emotions are particularly imp...

This study performed a content analysis of the language of the Spanish judgements addressing the sexual transmission of HIV in order to determine its possible interrelationship with HIV-related stigma. All judgements and writs dictated by Spanish penal and civil jurisdictions between 1981 and December 2016 were obtained through a systematic search...

The purpose of this study is to assess the discourse of people with disabilities regarding their perception of discrimination and stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adults with physical disabilities, ten with hearing impairments and seven with visual impairments. The agreement between the coders showed an excellent reliabili...

The stigma associated with sexual identity can affect an individual’s well-being. The main goal of this study was to analyse the role of a psychosocial variable, stigma consciousness, on the well-being of lesbian and gay (LG) individuals. For this purpose, a sample of 481 participants completed various questionnaires (Mage = 32.36, SDage = 9.60). A...

This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on the well-being of people with HIV and the mediating role of self-exclusion as a function of the participants' symptoms of lipodystrophy. An ex post facto study with a sample of 706 people with HIV was conducted. Self-perception of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, perceived discriminatio...

Background: The situation of lesbians and gay men (LGs) in Spain has improved significantly in recent decades. However, Spanish society still exhibits prejudice and discrimination. The current study pursues three main goals: 1) to analyse the extent to which LGs perceive blatant and subtle discrimination, 2) to explore the relationship between per...

La vida de los seres humanos se desarrolla, desde su nacimiento, en el seno de diversos grupos, y esta pertenencia grupal condiciona, en buena medida, nuestra forma de pensar, sentir y actuar. En este manual se describen los fundamentos teóricos de diversos procesos grupales, detallándose, al mismo tiempo, las investigaciones sobre las que se suste...

Rationale: People diagnosed with a mental disorder are highly discriminated against, and when they internalize the social stigma they suffer severe consequences which have been associated with greater symptomatology and reduced recovery. This research was carried out in order to develop a predictive model about how discrimination contributes to su...

The purpose of this research is to examine the association between attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and both subjective well-being (positive and negative affect and life satisfaction) and relationship satisfaction. 174 Spanish heterosexual couples with a mean length of relationship of 13.9 years participated in the study. The hypothe...

Este artículo presenta la validación del cuestionario de intención emprendedora (CIE) en Colombia. Este cuestionario, desarrollado y validado en España (Rueda, Moriano y Liñán, 2015), se enmarca dentro de la Teoría de la Acción Planificada (TAP, Ajzen, 1991). La TAP resulta en la actualidad el modelo más ampliamente utilizado para predecir las inte...

Stereotype threat is a phenomenon by which members of a stereotyped group have their performance impaired when their group identity is made salient. Previous research has found that telling women about stereotype threat prevents impaired performance in mathematical tasks. Moreover, the effect of stereotype threat seems to be moderated by mathematic...

Background The goal of this research is to study the psychosocial determinants of HIV-testing as a function of the decision or change stage concerning this health behavior. The determinants considered in the major ongoing health models and the stages contemplated in the Precaution Adoption Process Model are analysed. MethodsA cross-sectional survey...

In the present study, we examined an exploratory model to assess the relationship between transformational leadership and group potency and analyze the mediating role of group identification and cohesion. The research was conducted with squads of the Spanish Army. The sample was composed of 243 members of 51 squads of operational units. Our finding...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations of authentic leadership (AL) with employee knowledge sharing behavior and intervening processes. Design/methodology/approach – A correlational study is presented with a sample of 562 workers belonging to diverse Spanish organizations. Findings – The results obtained by means of multi...

The Screenphiv, a screening measure for psychological issues related to HIV, was psychometrically tested in a study involving 744 HIV-infected people in Spain. Participants ages 18–82 (M = 43.04, 72 % men, 28 % women) completed an assessment protocol that included the Screenphiv and the MOS-HIV. A trained interviewer also collected relevant illness...

Objective: The present study analyzes the existing relationship between three variables related to social rejection (perception of overt and subtle discrimination and stigma consciousness) and the psychological and subjective well-being among people with schizophrenia. Likewise, we will analyze the relationship between two possible strategies to c...

Investigación cuantitativa que buscó establecer la relación entre la satisfacción vital (variable principal) y las variables autoestima personal, bienestar material percibido, prejuicio grupal percibido, discriminación personal percibida e identidad nacional, identificando cuáles, entre estas últimas, podían predecir la primera. La muestra, no prob...

The goal of this study is to test a model in which personal discrimination predicts internalized stigma, while group discrimination predicts a greater willingness to engage in collective action. Internalized stigma and collective action, in turn, are associated to positive and negative affect. A cross-sectional study with 213 people with mental ill...

In this research, we examined actors' and partners' perceptions of each other's attachment insecurities and the associations of these perceptions with relationship satisfaction. A sample of 148 heterosexual couples completed measures of self and partner attachment insecurities and relationship satisfaction. Results indicate that partners agree in t...

The goal of this study was to assess an intervention program to reduce the impact of stigma on people with HIV and to enable them to cope with it. A quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group and pre-and posttest was used. Participants were 221 people with HIV. of whom 164 received the intervention and 56 made up the non-equivalen...

The present study examines the relationships between perceived discrimination, internalized stigma, and well-being in a sample of people with mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 213 outpatients from the Spanish public network of social care. Perceived discrimination was positively and significantly correlated with internalized...

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employees’ perception of authentic leadership and their turnover intention as mediated by employees’ work-group identification (WID) and work engagement. Design/methodology/approach - Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data from 623 Spanish employees. Fin...

The primary goal of this study was to adapt Berger et al.’s (2001) HIV Stigma Scale in Spain, using Bunn et al.’s (2007) version. A second goal assessed whether the four-factor structure of the adapted scale could be explained by two higher-order dimensions, perceived external stigma and internalized stigma. A first qualitative study (N=40 people w...

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and work satisfaction, as well as to analyse the mediating role of group identification and work engagement in a police training process at a Chilean professional military institution. The sample was made up of 985 candidates representing all the candidates tha...

This study examines the relationships between internalized stigma, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being in a sample of people with mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 213 outpatients from the Spanish public social care network. The results showed that (a) internalized stigma was significantly negatively correlat...

Authentic leadership (AL) is a kind of leadership that inspires and promotes positive psychological capacities, underlining the moral and ethical component of behavior. The proposed investigation studies the relations among AL, cohesion, and group identification in security and emergency teams. A cross-sectional research design was conducted in whi...

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between authentic leadership, group cohesion, organizational identification and the potential effect of organizational justice as a mediating variable. Partial Least Squares (PLS) modelling was used to analyse the data from 210 employees at several Spanish companies. The results showed that organ...

This research focuses on female underrepresentation in managerial positions. Specifically, two studies examine gender-typing for managerial roles in Spain using ratings for real and ideal managers. In addition, we analyse the existence of same-gender bias on evaluations of the behavior of actual lead- ers. In the first study, 195 Spanish workers ev...

The goal of this study was to assess an intervention program to reduce the impact of stigma on people with HIV and to enable them to cope with it. A quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group and pre- and posttest was used. Participants were 221 people with HIV, of whom 164 received the intervention and 56 made up the non-equivale...

The main goal of this study was to analyse the determinants of late diagnosis of HIV infection. Secondly, we studied the role of the perception of risk and sexual orientation in HIV testing. Twenty-five people with late HIV diagnosis were interviewed. They were contacted through hospitals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). To design the int...

Intrapreneurial activity is positively associated with the organizational growth, and the factors that stimulate such behaviors need to be identified. The general goal of this work is to explore the relationship of authentic leadership with employees’ intrapreneurial behavior and the intervening processes. A correlational study was carried out with...

In this study, carried out with Romanian immigrants (N = 202), the aim was to test the extent to which discrimination in the workplace, health and legal contexts is linked to an important aspect of psychological well-being: self-acceptance. The results showed that immigrants had a relatively low level of perceived discrimination and good scores in...

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo elaborar un cuestionario para medir las estrategias que las personas con VIH usan para afrontar el estigma. Se partio para su desarrollo del modelo de Compas et al. (2001) sobre el estres y su afrontamiento. Para ello, en primer lugar, y con la finalidad de obtener evidencias de validez de contenido, se real...

Background and objective Cognitive complaints have been scarcely studied in people with HIV in Spain. The aim of this research was to know the prevalence of cognitive complaints in HIV-infected people, as well as its potential relationships with demographic, clinical and psychological variables, in the era of combination antiretroviral therapies....

To analyze the temporal evolution of HIV-related stigma in Spain between 2008 and 2012. We interviewed a representative sample of the Spanish population (N = 1619) through computer-assisted telephone interviews. The survey measures diverse facets of stigma and other-related variables. We compared the data of the 2012 survey with the result of the s...

This study analyzes the mediating role of social identity in the relationship between enacted stigma and internalized stigma and quality of life of people with HIV. A total of 557 people with HIV participated in this study. Participants were recruited from hospitals and non-governmental organizations. Questionnaires measuring perceived stigma (Berg...

Managers play a vital role in encouraging and supporting the initiatives of individual employees to explore new opportunities, to develop new products or to improve work procedures for the benefit of the organization. This study examines the influence of manager leadership styles on employee intrapreneurial behavior and the mediating role of organi...

En este estudio se describe el constructo de capital psicológico positivo (Luthans y Youssef, 2004) y la validación en España de un instrumento para medirlo: el PCQ (Psychological Capital Questionnaire). Este cuestionario mide cuatro aspectos diferentes, aunque relacionados entre sí, del concepto más amplio de capital psicológico. Estos aspectos so...

Este estudio tiene como objetivo elaborar un cuestionario para medir las estrategias que las personas con VIH usan para afrontar el estigma. Se partió para su desarrollo del modelo de Compas et al. (2001) sobre el estrés y su afrontamiento. Para ello, en primer lugar, y con la finalidad de obtener evidencias de validez de contenido, se realizó un e...

The aim of this research is to explore the extent to which employees establish attachment bonds with their leaders and the effects these bonds have on organizational outcomes. A sample of 225 participants reported on their supervisor's leadership style (transformational, transactional, or passive-avoidant), their attachment bonds to this supervisor...

From the perspective of the Think manager - Think male, this study was conducted to examine the type of leadership role depending on gender in a sample of 158 Spanish adolescents -according to three types of leaders: "male middle leader", "female middle leader" and "middle leader in general". The kind of emotional expression (positive and negative)...

The promotion of a flexibility-oriented organizational culture, based on support and innovation, may provide a great value in today's competitive economy. This type of organizational culture may be a breeding ground for authentic leadership, which, in turn, has positive effects on employees' attitudes. This study examines how flexibility-oriented o...

Belonging to a stigmatized group affects the quality of life and well-being of its members. However, the role that consciousness of belonging to a stigmatized group plays on one's well-being is still unknown. In addition, among the different groups studied there is a lack of information on the collective of disabled persons, even though it is a min...

The promotion of a flexibility-oriented organizational culture, based on support and innovation, may provide a great value in today´s competitive economy. This type of organizational culture may be a breeding ground for authentic leadership, which, in turn, has positive effects on employees´ attitudes. This study examines how flexibility-oriented o...

This study evaluates the prevalence of HIV stigma in Spain and analyzes some variables that may affect its existence. In 2008, we conducted a computer-assisted telephone survey of 1607 people, representative of the Spanish population. Two-wave random stratified sampling was performed, first selecting the home and then the person, depending on the r...

Background and objective: Cognitive complaints have been scarcely studied in people with HIV in Spain. The aim of this research was to know the prevalence of cognitive complaints in HIV-infected people, as well as its potential relationships with demographic, clinical and psychological variables, in the era of combination antiretroviral therapies....

There is a large body of research showing that perceived discrimination has a negative effect on physical and mental health of persons belonging to different stigmatized groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and affective balance in people with physical disabilities. In addition, the media...

Numerosas investigaciones ponen de manifiesto que la discriminación percibida tiene un efecto negativo importante en la salud física y mental de las personas pertenecientes a diversos grupos estigmatizados. El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar la relación entre la discriminación percibida y el balance entre emociones positivas y negativas...

El hecho de pertenecer a un grupo estigmatizado afecta al bienestar y a la calidad de vida de sus miembros. Sin embargo, se desconoce el papel que tiene en el bienestar la conciencia de pertenecer a un grupo estigmatizado. Además, entre los distintos grupos estudiados apenas existe información sobre el colectivo de personas con discapacidad, a pesa...

The main purpose of this study is to investigate gender differences in leadership styles and in organizational outcome variables, together with the influence of organizational/contextual variables on leadership styles in female and male partici- pants in Spain. The sample comprised 226 participants (35 leaders and 191 subor- dinates) belonging to 3...

This research is an empirical study with quantitative methodology that studies the relationship of various psychosocial variables usually linked to migration processes, with life satisfaction and self-esteem of immigrants from Colombia in Spain. The sample (N = 281) was obtained through a nonprobabilistic sampling, using the technique of snowball,...

The purpose of this investigation is to explore several dimensions of perceived discrimination in stigmatized groups. In order to do so we design and validate a multidimensional scale to measure discrimination and analyze the association between perceived discrimination and well-being. The study was carried out in Spain with a sample of 1016 partic...

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between life satisfaction and various psychosocial variables usually linked to international migration processes. Specifically, this study explored the relationship between life satisfaction-a cognitivedimension of subjective well-being- and perceived group prejudice, perceived personal discrim...

The studies that have verified the positive association of authentic leadership with organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), have used global measures of both constructs. Therefore, the goal of this work is to analyze the effect of authentic leadership on employees' OCBs, specifically focusing on the relations of the four components of authen...

This study focuser on analysing two points on which Social Role Theory (Eagly, 1987) and the paradigm of Think-manager - Think-male (Schein, 1973) disagree: 1) whether men and women in the same job role and with a similar status are attributed different traits and behaviours or not, and 2) whether these attributions vary depending on the sex of the...

Resumen El presente estudio se centra en analizar dos puntos en los que discrepan la Teoría del Rol Social (Eagly, 1987) y el paradigma del Think-manager – Think-male (Schein, 1973): si existe o no una atribución diferencial de rasgos y conduc- tas a hombres y mujeres en el mismo rol laboral y con un estatus similar, y si estas atribuciones varían...

This study aims to develop an instrument for the assessment of psychological predictors of well-being and quality of life (QoL) in people living with HIV. A four-step procedure was followed to achieve this objective. A literature review, focus group in different regions of Spain and content analysis generated a preliminary pool of 96 items. Interju...

The goal of this study was to analyze the relationships to be found among stigma perception, active and avoidant coping strategies, and subjective and psychological well-being in a sample of 133 people with HIV. The results showed that stigma perception and avoidant coping strategies (venting, self-blame, denial, behavioural disengagement and subst...