Fernando Gutiérrez

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Verified

Fernando verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Clinical Psychologist at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona

Psychopathy is a constellation of extreme personality traits including impulsiveness, sensation seeking, selfishness, callousness, and an antisocial lifestyle. It forms part of the so-called dark traits of personality, together with other socially aversive features such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sadism. Although largely unrelated to sexu...

The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional, empirically based diagnostic system developed to overcome the serious limitations of traditional categories. We review the mounting evidence on its convergent and discriminant validity, with an incursion into the less-studied ICD-11 system. In the literature, the AMPD's Patholo...

The factor structure of Personality Disorder (PD) criteria has long been debated, but due to previous heterogenous findings, a common structure to represent covariation among DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II PD criteria remains an open question. This study integrated a total of N = 30,545 PD assessments from 25 samples to conduct an individual participant m...

Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder (PD) establish that intense traits do not suffice to diagnose a disorder, and additional constructs reflecting dysfunction are required. However, traits appear able to predict maladaptation by themselves, which might avoid duplications and simplify diagnosis. On the other hand, if trait-based d...

Personality disorders (PDs) are currently considered dysfunctions. However, personality differences are older than humanity and are ubiquitous in nature, from insects to higher primates. This suggests that a number of evolutionary mechanisms—other than dysfunctions—may be able to maintain stable behavioral variation in the gene pool. First of all,...

Severity is the main component of the ICD-11 personality disorder (PD) classification, but pertinent instruments have only recently been developed. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the ICD-11 Personality Disorder Severity scale (PDS-ICD-11) in a mixed sample of 726 community and clinical subjects. We also examined how the different compon...

The inclusion of the borderline pattern in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) dimensional classification of personality disorders (PDs) has caused controversy. Unease about leaving out these clinically challenging patients seems to conflict with the need of an evidence-based and credible diagnostic system. However,...

The fast–slow paradigm of life history (LH) focuses on how individuals grow, mate, and reproduce at different paces. This paradigm can contribute substantially to the field of personality and individual differences provided that it is more strictly based on evolutionary biology than it has been so far. Our study tested the existence of a fast–slow...

The authors analyze and compare the factor convergence and predictive power of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ/SF) with respect to the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (FFiCD). A total of 803 White Spanish subjects were analyzed. All the personality domai...

In the last 10 years, 2 instruments (the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [PID-5] and the Personality Inventory for International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision [PiCD]) have been developed to measure the dimensional approach to personality disorders (PDs). Several studies have...

At present, there are two models of pathological personality represented in two measurement instruments, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD). Although both instruments have shown high convergence, the PID-5 has the advantage of including facets that might offer greater predictive capacity. An...

Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder show a stronger empirical grounding than categories, but may lack the necessary level of detail to make accurate predictions and case formulations. We need to further develop the lower levels of the hierarchy until reaching the building blocks of personality pathology. The Dimensional Assessmen...

The promise of replacing the diagnostic categories of personality disorder with a better-grounded system has been only partially met. We still need to understand whether our main dimensional taxonomies, those of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth...

between the Zuckerman alternative five-factor personality model and the two current pathological dimensional personality systems based on the International Classification of Diseases–11th Revision (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Section III. To this end, the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Pers...

The International Classification of Diseases–11th revision (ICD-11) classification of personality disorders is the official diagnostic system that is used all over the world, and it has recently been renewed. However, as yet very few data are available on its performance. This study examines the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), which assess...

Introduction: The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders (PD) are largely commensurate and, when combined, they delineate 6 trait domains: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism/dissociality, disinhibition, anankastia, and psychoticism. Objective: The present study eva...

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition (DSM-5) has recently attracted considerable interest in empirical research, with different hypotheses being proposed to explain the discordant results shown in previous research. Empirical network analysis has begun to be a...

While normal personality traits change gradually with age, personality disorders (PDs) have been reported to remit rapidly and completely in little more than 10 years. Such a benign prognosis is surprising and may be due in part to the combined use of categorical diagnoses, seriously ill patients, and longitudinal designs in the existing literature...

A dimensional classification seems to be the next move in the personality disorders field. However, it is not clear whether there is one dimensional model or many, or whether the currently available dimensional instruments measure the same traits. To help clarify these issues, the authors administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and...

On the path to developing dimensional models of personality disorder (PD), we are at risk of leaving key diagnostic aspects behind. The general criteria for PD may be important ones because they reflect the defining aspects of personality pathology: long duration, independence from psychopathological states, and harmfulness. We assessed these crite...

Introduction: Personality Disorders (PD) are highly prevalent among Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients, but studies based on the DSM-5 are still scarce. Validated instruments have not yet been specifically used in CFS patients. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the differences in personality facets and domains profiles among CFS patients with...

The use of personality disorder (PD) categories persists, despite the evidence against them. An often overlooked reason for this is the fact that the true structure underlying the DSM taxonomy is still unknown: We cannot be certain which disorders are valid, and which ones are arbitrary mixtures of heterogeneous traits. To address this gap, we fact...

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) measures the trait part (Criterion B) of the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of DSM-5. Although its psychometric properties have proven adequate thus far, evidence is limited in other languages and in clinical samples. The Spanish PID-5 was examined in two samples compr...

Background: On the way toward an agreed dimensional taxonomy for personality disorders (PD), several pivotal questions remain unresolved. We need to know which dimensions produce problems and in what domains of life; whether impairment can be found at one or both extremes of each dimension; and whether, as is increasingly advocated, some dimensions...

Personality variation is increasingly thought to have an adaptive function. This is less clear for personality disorders (PDs)—extreme variants of personality that cause harm in most aspects of life. However, the possibility that PDs may be maintained in the population because of their advantages for fitness has been not convincingly tested. In a s...

This article describes the development and testing of the psychometric properties of the Partner Violence Entrapment Scale (PVES), an instrument that evaluates the women’s perceived reasons for staying in violent partner relationships. After initial pilot testing, the scale was administered to 213 Spanish women who were victims of intimate partner...

Most taxonomies of coping have been built as if coping strategies were unrelated to all other aspects of personality. However, the evidence suggests some overlaps, and it may be that basic personality axes such as constraint, fearfulness or affiliation constitute a meaningful organizing principle for coping. In a sample of 499 outpatients, we exami...

Objectives Dimensional pathology models are increasingly being accepted for the assessment of disordered personalities, but their ability to predict negative outcomes is yet to be studied. We examine the relative clinical impact of seven basic dimensions of personality pathology through their associations with a wide range of clinical outcomes. Met...

El intento de renovar la clasificación de los Trastornos de la Personalidad (TP) en el DSM-5 (APA, 2013) terminó en un sonoro fracaso (Skodol, Morey, Bender & Oldham, 2013). Tras repetidos anuncios de un novedoso sistema dimensional, la Sección II, que recoge los diagnósticos oficiales, mantuvo sin cambios las categorías del DSM-IV (APA, 1995). Est...

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct and has been previously associated with suicidal behaviour in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study examined the associations between suicidal behaviour and impulsivity-related personality traits, as well as history of childhood sexual abuse, in 76 patients diagnosed with BPD using both the St...

The objectives were to compare the personality of fibromyalgia (FM) patients with other chronic painful and nonpainful disorders considering the confusion due to psychopathology and to assess the clustering of FM patients according to their personality profile. Differences in the NEO Five-Factor Inventory between FM, non-FM chronic pain and drug-re...

Background: The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) is composed of a self-report and an interview, the Clinical Significance Scale, but no studies have reported joint findings. This study is the first to examine the diagnostic agreement between the Spanish version of the PDQ-4+ self-report and its corresponding interview. Method: Th...

Despite general support for dimensional models of personality disorder, it is currently unclear which, and how many, dimensions a taxonomy of this kind should include. In an attempt to obtain an empirically-based, comprehensive, and usable structure of personality, three instruments - The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the Per...

Durability has traditionally been considered to be a defining feature of personality disorders, but recent studies have challenged this notion. We review the most recent findings on the stability and course of personality pathology. Personality disorders seem to remit more often and faster than previously thought, and their relapse rate is low. How...

The aim of this study was to evaluate personality in transsexuals. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles of 166 male-to-female (MF) and 88 female-to-male (FM) transsexuals were compared with those of a control group of males and females. MF and FM transsexuals scored significantly lower than males and females in RD4 (more independe...

Extreme personality traits in humans often have detrimental life consequences, so they have long been supposed to be diseases. However,many other species display personality variants that are maintained due to their fitness advantages; in this case, they are construed as strategies. To examine the fitness costs and benefits of pathological personal...

Repeated self-harm usually presents with associated psychopathology, mostly in the form of obsessive- compulsive disorder, malingering, or personality disorders, and may persist for many years. This case presentation focuses on self-harm involving the deliberate ingestion of foreign bodies. This behavior remains poorly understood, and the relevant...

Personality Disorders have proved to be more fluid through the life course than previously thought. However, because analyses have usually been undertaken at the level of diagnostic categories, relevant findings may be obscured. An examination at the criteria level could bypass arbitrary aggregations of heterogeneous traits and thus offer more accu...

We examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in a sample of 437 psychiatric outpatients. Psychometric properties were assessed through internal consistency analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and concurrent validity. Results indicate that the Spanish versi...

This instrumental study was designed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). The total sample was made up of 582 female college students, with a mean age of 21.68 (SD= 4.45). The results of confirmatory factor analysis identified the six-factor solution proposed by the...

This study assessed the ability of the Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) to discriminate between two groups of fibromyalgia patients (those who were about to begin a treatment including the explicit aim of returning to work and those who were initiating a legal procedure to obtain permanent disability compensation) and two groups of healthy volu...

Neurocognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and is closely associated with functional outcome. The importance of cognitive assessment is broadly accepted today, and an easy-to-use, internationality validated cognitive assessment tool is needed by researchers and in daily clinical practice. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schiz...

Pegylated interferon (PegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can induce depressive episodes. Personality traits have been associated with mood disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the personality profile as a risk factor for induced depression by PegIFN and RBV treatment in patients with HCV. In...

In the personality disorder section of the DSM-V research agenda, the authors stress the need for studies on the relevance of a change from diagnostic categorical models to dimensional ones. These studies should identify the underlying genetic and neurobiologic mechanisms and appropriate representation on the dimensions of clinical criteria as cogn...

We still lack operative and theoretically founded definitions of what a personality disorder (PD) is, as well as empirically validated and feasible instruments to measure the disorder construct. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is the only personality instrument that explicitly distinguishes personality style and disordered functioning...

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that endogenous auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) involve activation of auditory/linguistic association cortices that are usually activated by externally presented speech. Methods: Nine neuroleptic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV crite...

Given that the DSM taxonomy of personality disorders is flawed by severe classificatory problems, the development of alternative classificatory systems, such as the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), has now become a priority. This study examined the internal consistency, second-order factor structure, an...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathways have been shown to be essential for opioid-induced plasticity. We conducted an exploratory study to evaluate BDNF variability in opioid addict responders and nonresponders to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We analyzed 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BDNF genomi...

This study examined the relationship between the personality profile of a sample of cocaine users and the presence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnoses and the severity of substance use. A total of 120 participants (46 women, mean age: 23.8 years) from nonclinical settings in Barcelona, Spain, 2003-2006, were...

Personality disorders (PD) are highly prevalent and impairing stable patterns of maladaptive behavior that are associated to high health care costs. Although PD detection in clinical settings is a priority issue, it is still unknown which are the most reliable and valid screening instruments. For this purpose, 26 studies examining the diagnostic ab...

Serious problems persist concerning the conceptualization and measurement of the coping construct. This study examines the properties and factor structure of the COPE questionnaire, one of the most widely used instruments to measure coping, in a sample of 471 patients. A series of exploratory factor procedures are applied at the item- and scale-lev...

Background and objective Schizophrenia is a high prevalent disorder associated with huge economic and sanitary costs. Negative symptoms represent the main prognostic factors, thus to identify them is important to design effective guidelines of treatment. The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) is the only validated method to evaluate those symp...

Most post-mortem autoradiographic studies have described striatal dopamine D(2) receptor up-regulation due to chronic neuroleptic exposure. The aim of our study was to compare in-vivo striatal D(2) receptor density in neuroleptic-naive and neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients. We included 28 young (mean age: 28+/-8 years) acute psychotic patient...

Differences in antipsychotic treatment response, clinical course and outcome of schizophrenia could be related to gender-related cerebral differences in anatomy and function. The aim of the study was to assess sex differences in the striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in 15 drug-naive schizophrenic patients (seven males, eight females) using (123...

Personality disorders (PDs) are still classified through categorical taxonomies that are at odds with current research findings. Dimensional models provide a suitable alternative for measuring individual differences. However, as they have traditionally lacked a clear definition of the "disorder" construct, the clinical utility of these models has b...

Resumen Introducción. Entre los instrumentos diagnósticos de trastorno de la personalidad (TP) de más uso en los últimos años se encuentra el Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire. En su última versión (PDQ-4+) este instrumento combina la rapidez y comodidad de uso de un cuestionario autoadministrado con el control del efecto de la sintomatología de...

The aim of this study was to compare in vivo striatal D2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by olanzapine and haloperidol in schizophrenic patients using a baseline-endpoint [(123)I]IBZM single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) design. The relationships of striatal D2 receptor occupancy with clinical efficacy and extrapyramidal symptoms...

The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were examined in a psychiatric population. Internal consistency, factor structure and concurrent validity were studied in a sample of 416 psychiatric patients. A moderate to high internal consistency for all personality dimensions was found,...

The Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) was adapted for use in Spain. The American version was translated and back-translated independently by three bilinguals and the comprehensibility of a consensuated version was tested in a pilot study. The construct validity and internal consistency of the questionnaire were tested in 104 patients (...

Synopsis This study was carried out to investigate the significance of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and the influence of somatic items in a non-psychiatric population presenting with somatic complaints. Internal consistency, item frequency, factor dimensions, and correlation with Eysenck's ‘N’ were analysed in a sample of 882 non-psychiat...

Cognitive dysfunctions were studied in symptom-free patients suffering from Recurrent Depressive Disorder with melancholia. Their performances on a standard neuropsychological battery were compared with those of a healthy sample matched for age and educational level. Statistically significant differences were found in Immediate Visual Memory, Delay...