Fernando Klitzke Borszcz

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor at Santa Catarina State University

This study aimed to verify the effect of grape juice (Vitis Labrusca) intake on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and exercise performance parameters (5 km running time-trial (TT), running economy, and countermovement jump (CMJ)). Twenty trained male runners were randomized into two blinded groups and consumed either placebo (n = 9) or grape ju...

This study investigated the effect of caffeinated chewing gum (GUMCAF) on muscle fatigue (isometric vs. dynamic) after severe-intensity cycling bouts. Fifteen trained male cyclists participated in four visits. Each visit involved two severe-intensity cycling bouts (Δ1 and Δ2) lasting 6 min, separated by a 5-min recovery period. Muscle fatigue was a...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion by chewing gum (GUMCAF) combined with priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO˙ 2) and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen extraction (HHb + Mb) kinetics during cycling performed in a severe-intensity domain. Fifteen trained cyclists completed four visits: two und...

Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320-e339, 2024-This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determin...

Purpose: This study aimed to cross-validate a recently proposed equation for the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in cycling exercise by using the average power output normalized by the body mass from a 5-minute time trial (RPO5-min) as the independent variable. Further, the study aimed to update the predictive equation using Bayesian...

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the performance-derived parameters utilizing isolinear (ISOLIN) and isovelocity (ISOVEL) sprint cycling modes. Method: For that, 20 male trained cyclists performed 2 sprints of 7 s on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer in ISOLIN and six sprints in ISOVEL mode with cadences between 90 and 180 rpm, each...

This study aimed to compare the intensity of deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration ([HHb]) and tissue saturation index (TSI) breakpoints ([HHb]-BP and TSI-BP) with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP), and to describe their association with 2000-m rowing ergometer performance. Fourteen male rowers performed on a rowing ergom...

This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of different critical power (CP) models on cycling exercise tolerance in the severe-and extreme-intensity domains. Nineteen cyclists (age: 23.0 ± 2.7 y) performed several time-to-exhaustion tests (Tlim) to determine CP, finite work above CP (W'), and the highest constant work rate at which maxima...

Introduction: Eccentric cycling (ECC CYC ) has attracted considerable interest due to its potential applicability for exercise treatment/training of patients with poor exercise tolerance as well as healthy and trained individuals. Conversely, little is known about the acute physiological responses to this exercise modality, thus challenging its pr...

Purpose of review: The ketogenic diet has been proposed as a nutritional strategy in sports. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the recent literature concerning the effects of ketogenic diet on exercise performance and training adaptations. Recent findings: Most recent literature on the ketogenic diet and exercise performance s...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric cycling (ECCCYC) training on performance , physiological, and morphological parameters in comparison to concentric cycling (CONCYC) training. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect. Studies comparing the effect of ECCCYC and CONCYC training regimens on performance, ph...

This study examined the effects of 5 consecutive days of high- and moderate-intensity training on performance and physiological measures in moderately trained individuals. The relationship of the training organization with the state of overreaching and acute fatigue was investigated. Twenty-four male soldiers (age, 19.3 ± 0.4 years; VO2peak, 58.7 ±...

Objective This study sought to determine the physiological (oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration (La-)) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses during an endurance interval training (EIT) at the critical speed (CS) in elite handcyclists with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Eight handcyclists...

Purpose: The muscle oxygen uptake (mVO2) kinetics following exercise, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, has been used as a functional evaluation of muscle oxidative metabolism. This study aimed to determine the mVO2 off-kinetics and verify the relationship of the recovery rate of mVO2 (k) with time-trial performance and different aerobic para...

Introduction The consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FAT ox ) during low–moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown. Objective We invest...

This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) against carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diets on physical performance and body composition in trained individuals. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials in athletes/t...

This study investigated the influence of different warm-up protocols on functional threshold power. Twenty-one trained cyclists (VO ̇ 2max = 60.2 ± 6.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1) performed an incremental test and four 20-min time trials preceded by different warm-up protocols. Two warm-up protocols lasted 45min, with a 5-min time trial performed either 15...

The aim of this study was threefold: (a) to compare the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) with critical power (CP); (b) to describe the relationship of MLSS with rowing performances; and (c) to verify the agreement of MLSS with several exercise intensity thresholds in rowers. Fourteen male rowers (mean [SD]: age = 26 [13] years; height = 1.82 [0....

New findings: What is the central question of this study? In vivo muscle oxidative capacity has been evaluated through the mV̇O2 kinetics following single joint exercise using NIRS system. Here, we demonstrated its utility following running exercise. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that time constant of mV̇O2 kinetics...

The objective of the present study was to determine the validity of Carminatti’s shuttle run incremental test–T-Car derived parameters in estimating the maximal lactate steady state determined in shuttle run format. Eighteen soccer players performed a T-Car test, and several trials to determine the maximal lactate steady state. From T-Car were deri...

Introduction The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shuttle-run-based models, over 10 weeks on aerobic, anaerobic, and neuromuscular parameters, and the association of the training load and heart rate variability (HRV) with the change in the measures in young futsal players. Methods Eleven...

The Physical Education (PE) policies in Brazil have been poorly explored and discussed. Health, education, and sports are areas of knowledge sustained by PE. However, it has not been addressed together, as the PE field purpose. The aim was to present an overview of the main historical aspects of PE policies, by systematizing their technical and ope...

Functional threshold power (FTP) is defined as the highest power that a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatigue for approximately one hour. To improve practicality, a 20-minute time-trial test was proposed, where FTP is represented by 95% of the mean power produced. It is preceded by a specific 45-min warm-up, with periods of l...

Dear Editor, Recently, Brietzke et al. [1] presented a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of a carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on cycling performance. This review received some criticism concerning the effects of the CHO mouth rinse in subjects in the fed and fasting states [2]. The authors replied to this criticism by including a n...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e comparar a potência crítica e a capacidade de estimativa do tempo de exaustão pelo W’ entre os modelos de regressão linear com 2 e 3 cargas preditivas.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of the Dmax method on heart rate variability (HRV) to estimate the lactate thresholds (LT), during a maximal incremental running test (MIRT). Methods: Nineteen male runners performed two MIRTs, with the initial speed at 8 km·h-1 and increments of 1 km·h-1 every 3 minutes, un...

Purpose: Functional Threshold Power (FTP), determined as 95% of the average power during a 20-minute time-trial test, is suggested as a practical test for the determination of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in cycling. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the validity of FTP in predicting MLSS. Method: Fifteen cyc...

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze systematically the effects of block training periodization, on physiology parameters and performance in endurance athletes. Method: The PubMed and Science Direct database was used to search. Results: Nine studies was found that fit the criteria of this review, the main result was that block training p...

BACKGROUND Stages device is an affordable power meter used by several professional and competitive cyclists. However, few studies have investigated its validity and reliability. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the Stages mountain biking power meter. METHODS Twenty-six cyclists (age: 35 [Formula:...

Contextualização: O Functional Threshold Power (FTP) consiste na maior potência sustentada por um ciclista durante 60 minutos. Na tentativa de tornar mais prática a determinação do FTP tem sido sugerido um teste de contrarrelógio de 20 minutos, no qual o FTP corresponde a 95% da potência média (FTP20). O FTP é sugerido como um teste prático para pr...

Functional threshold power is defined as the highest power output a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state for approximately 60 min (FTP60). In order to improve practicality for regular evaluations, FTP60 could theoretically be determined as 95% of the mean power output in a 20-min time trial (FTP20). This study tested this assumption and the...

Objetivo: verificar o efeito sobre a medida de potência durante um bloco concentrado de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade por meio de sprints all out em ciclistas treinados. Métodos: 10 ciclistas treinados (VO2max 61 ± 5 ml/Kg/min; 33 ± 11 anos; 177 ± 5 cm; 75 ± 6 Kg), realizaram inicialmente um teste incremental, logo após realizaram 7 d...

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated that physiological variables predict cycling endurance performance. However, it is still unclear whether the predictors will change over different performance durations. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations between physiological variables and cycling time trials with different durations....