
Ferdinanda PonciRWTH Aachen University · E.ON Energy Research Center
Ferdinanda Ponci
Doctor of Engineering
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362
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Publications (362)
Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure hardware–software solutions and communication protocols have inherent vulnerabilities against cyberattacks. Due to the wide range of back doors and infiltration possibilities, there is an important need for solutions that can maintain critical service continuity during incidents. This study proposes a d...
Interoperability is the key to implementing a wide range of energy systems applications. It involves the seamless cooperation of different methods and components. With smart energy systems, interoperability faces challenges due to integrating differ-ent approaches and technologies. This includes dealing with heterogeneous approaches with various co...
For the open access full text version, please see https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/995084
For the open access full paper version, please see: https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/995085
Probabilistic power flow (PPF) is the fundamental to reveal the influence of stochastic sources on the AC-DC hybrid grids. In the operational PPF analysis, the accurate probability density functions (PDFs) of PPF responses must be obtained in a very short period, which is quite challenging for existing methods. In this paper, a fractional moments b...
Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems are commonly designed for maximum energy production. However, as their presence grows, revised grid regulations increasingly require these systems to partially adhere to the primary frequency regulation (PFR) by reducing their power production when the grid frequency exceeds the nominal value. Nevertheless,...
PREPARED BY
The Power and Energy Education Committee University Education Activities Subcommittee
Task Force on Innovative Teaching Methods for Modern Power and Energy Systems PES-TR120
TR-120 — Innovative Teaching Methods for Modern Power and Energy Systems
https://resourcecenter.ieee-pes.org/publications/technical-reports/pes_tp_tr120_peec_03...
A method is presented to assist in the design of control and protection parameters for a Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) system using a Single-Layer Perceptron (SLP) type of Neural Network. Unlike studies that typically verify control and protection parameters separately, in this work different operational scenarios are considered to analyze t...
Medium-voltage distribution systems (MVDSs) mainly consist of a feeder head, lines, distribution transformers, and the equivalent load or power supply interfaced with the distribution transformers. The information of such load or power supply can be measured via the three-wattmeter method (THM) and the two-wattmeter method (TWM). The measurements c...
The attention given to gender and more broadly to diversity, equity and inclusion is very high within IEEE and the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society (IMS). Women play key roles at all scales, whether we are talking about world sustainability, the advancement of the science and engineering profession, or the objectives of the IMS. Here is...
This work introduces the Nudge theory of behavioral economics in electric vehicle (EV) charging schedules. Nudges emphasize guiding user choice through non-coercive means that go beyond economics. First, we conduct surveys of EV users to verify the effectiveness of Nudges in guiding charging behavior and establish user response models for day-ahead...
In modern power systems, testing protection systems and equipment before the field implementation is vital to ensure the correct operation and guarantee reliability, quality and security of electricity supply. This paper focuses on the performance testing of the distance protection, whose state-of-the-art test methodologies (including the recommend...
Distribution system operators are progressively expanding the measurement infrastructure in their grids in order to enhance the real-time monitoring capabilities. Meter placement algorithms allow identifying the best type and location for new measurements, thus being a key tool in support of meter installation decisions and planning. Existing meter...
Power system dynamic state estimation is a powerful method for monitoring the state evolution over time, hence enabling adoption of advanced protection and control applications. In this work, we enhance our previous work on dynamic phasor based dynamic state estimation (DP-DSE) approach for estimating network states by reformulating the state-trans...
It is well known in the power system community that frequency is not a global variable during transients. The previously proposed frequency divider (FD) is a valid approach to estimate load bus frequencies in large transmission networks wherein the load dynamics are typically ignored. In converter-driven grids, load dynamics may have a significant...
The Andronov-Hopf based Virtual Oscillator Control (AHO) is an emerging control strategy for grid-forming converters (GFC) to ensure the stability of the future power system with high level of penetration of renewable energies. AHO allows converters to operate in either grid-connected and islanded operating modes. However, the application of this c...
Short-circuit faults in high-voltage DC (HVDC) grids must be timely isolated. Conventional fault isolation schemes for HVDC grids typically rely on numerical simulations or analytical calculations for threshold setting, which complicate engineering implementation. To solve this issue, this paper first introduces the convex point of backward traveli...
When planning, creating, and evolving systems throughout their lifecycle, it is essential to assess their impact on our world. Despite this pressing need, existing structured methods for systematically assessing social, economic, and environmental impacts are not related to targets of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Moreover, exi...
Distribution grids require accurate monitoring to enable the smart control of flexible resources and the efficient integration of renewable energies. In this context, the progressive upgrade of the measurement infrastructure in the grid is essential to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring results. This paper presents a global sens...
When planning, creating, and evolving systems throughout their lifecycle, it is essential to assess their impact on our world. Despite this pressing need, existing structured methods for systematically assessing social, economic, and environmental impacts are not related to targets of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Moreover, exi...
p> Recently, a novel power flow model called weather dependent power flow (WDPF) has been proposed to incorporate conductor temperatures in power flow calculation. It is promising to adopt WDPF model in probabilistic analysis since it provides more accurate electrical and thermal states of a power system. However, calculation of the WDPF model is m...
p> Recently, a novel power flow model called weather dependent power flow (WDPF) has been proposed to incorporate conductor temperatures in power flow calculation. It is promising to adopt WDPF model in probabilistic analysis since it provides more accurate electrical and thermal states of a power system. However, calculation of the WDPF model is m...
Smart grid interoperability is the means to achieve the twin green and digital transition but re-mains heterogeneous and fragmented to date. This work presents the first ideas and corner-stones of an Interoperability Roadmap for the Energy Transition that is being developed by the Horizon Europe int:net project. This roadmap builds on four cornerst...
State estimation (SE) for power distribution systems massively relies on a large amount of highly uncertain information: thoroughly evaluating its impact on the accuracy of the state estimates is thus a crucial, albeit challenging step. To this scope, this paper proposes a Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) based methodology, that overcomes the limi...
Many studies show the advantages of direct current (DC) systems over alternating current (AC) systems for integrating renewable energy sources into the grid. However, protection design is still one of the key challenges, which delays the fast implementation of DC grids. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a well-established technology that result...
The elimination of the barriers related to gender that influence participation in technical and professional activities and the active pursuit of gender diversity and inclusivity is one side of the rise of diversity, equity and inclusion in all forms in IEEE and in the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society (IMS).
Modern distribution grids are transforming due to the increasing amount of load and generation based on DC technologies, whose interconnection is facilitated by the upcoming AC-DC distribution networks. Their fault management is challenged by new issues related to the power transferred among AC and DC sub-networks. In light of this, the present pap...
datafev is an open-source Python framework for developing and testing management strategies for electric vehicle (EV) charging. It includes several algorithms related to EV charging such as schedule optimization, and reference routines to generate charging events based on statistical inputs such as conditional probability distributions of arrival/d...
The current development of power systems requires not only a transition toward sustainable generation technologies but also—at the same time—an increase in the overall reliability in an environment of distributed automation and Local Energy Communities. After a brief introduction to the topic, the first section of the chapter studies the characteri...
Driven by the plan for a more sustainable energy system and to meet climate goals, the expansion of renewable energy sources in Germany is being continued on a continuous basis. Unlike fossil energy carriers, renewable energy sources are not continuously available. Therefore, the energy system must become more flexible in order to react to the fluc...
This paper presents the development of an energy management system (EMS) for a renewable energy community (REC) with the load-generation balancing objective. In this regard, rule-based and optimization mechanisms are proposed for the REC management in line with the scope of a field trial and considering the scarcity of the measurement and historica...
Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is a key monitoring function for system operators to automate, control and operate the active distribution grids. The computational complexity of the DSSE algorithm is a design factor for implementing a real-time monitoring system. As a common criterion, the elapsed time has been used in many works to det...
The maximum static transfer capability (MSTC) can be regarded as a measure of the power transmission ability of power systems in steady-state operation. These emerging uncertainty sources pose a difficult challenge for the efficient analysis and effective control of MSTC. To address this challenge, the dimension-adaptive sparse grid interpolation (...
Fault diagnosis is of critical importance to the safety of power electronic devices in DC microgrids. To detect and isolate different component faults in DC microgrids, this paper introduces a comprehensive protection scheme using reduced-order unknown input observers (ROUIOs). As opposed to conventional protection strategies, the proposed method p...
The existing Overcurrent Protection Function (OCPF) of distribution systems is vulnerable to Multiple Feeder Faults (MFF), which involve at least two feeders simultaneously, leading to the incoming feeder relay trip faster than the faulted feeder relays, although the OCPF of the relays can be coordinated for all fault current values. In this case,...
Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) can measure the contributions of emerging uncertainty sources as random inputs for the probabilistic static voltage stability assessment (PSVSA). The correlation among these random inputs in power systems is significant and inherent, however, the importance of such correlated uncertainty sources has not been thorou...
Local Energy Communities (LECs) provide a framework for community-oriented use of prosumer-owned renewable generation and storage units. For LECs to gain acceptance and eventually become widespread actors in future energy systems, their impacts on the grid and its participants must be investigated. However, the scientific landscape lacks sufficient...
With the ongoing digital transformation and multi-domain interaction occurring in the buildings, a huge amount of heterogeneous data is generated and stored on a daily basis. To take advantage of the gathered data and help better decision makings, suitable methods are needed to meet the demand for building operations and reinvestment planning. Onto...
The electric power system is transforming from a strict hierarchy into a distributed scheme that consists of prosumers and other service providers. Some services require interactions more complex than request-response. To reach functional interoperability, such services necessitate an agreement about what actions happen, in which order, and in whic...
Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) is an important monitoring tool for decision-making process. The need for data exchange between different actors imposes new requirements of data integrity and security, which can be fulfilled by Blockchain technology thanks to its distributed nature, transparency and immutability In this paper we quantif...
The real-time monitoring of electric distribution grids via state estimation is a fundamental requirement to deploy smart automation and control in the distribution system. Due to the large size of distribution networks and the poor coverage of measurement instrumentation on the field, designing fast state estimation algorithms and achieving accura...
The ramping trend of cheap and performant single board computers (SBC) is growingly offering unprecedented opportunities in various domains, taking advantage of the widespread support and flexibility offered by an operating system (OS) environment. Unfortunately, data acquisition systems implemented in an OS environment are traditionally considered...
In practical AC/DC hybrid grids, the uncertainty sources such as wind speeds and loads are massive and bounded intrinsically, the latter feature of which is neglected in most probabilistic power flow (PPF) analyses unfortunately. In this paper, a scaled unscented transformation (SUT)-based PPF on the large AC/DC hybrid grids, in particular for addr...
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining acceptance due to the advantages they offer in the reduction of nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions. The need for emission reduction and the potential of EVs for these reductions is reflected in the current sustainable mobility policies of the EU as well as the German government. Increasing the penetratio...
Buildings with generation and storage assets have the opportunity to trade in electricity markets. Residential buildings, however, have load patterns that are more difficult to predict and less flexible – introducing uncertainties to their operation. In addition, local intermittent renewable energy sources further increase these uncertainties. In t...
Modern distribution grids are complex systems that need advanced management for their secure and reliable operation. The Information and Communication Technology domain today offers unprecedented opportunities for the smart design of tools in support of grid operators. This paper presents a new philosophy for the digitalization and automation of di...
Advanced control techniques for modern distribution grids are becoming fundamental for the reduction of grid reinforcements while maintaining network performances. In particular, as shown in literature, distributed algorithms for voltage control have gained much interests in comparison with the typical centralized formulation for its feasibility. D...
Modelling the fast dynamics of power converters is of growing concern in power grids and Microgrids. Dynamic phasor (DP) concept has been widely applied to switched power converter for modelling fast transients efficiently due to the inherent frequency shift property of DPs. The dynamics introduced by the DC/AC power converters depend on the contro...
This work introduces a decentralized management concept for the urban charging hubs (UCHs) where electric vehicles (EVs) can access multiple charger clusters, each controlled by an aggregator. The given day ahead schedules (DASs) and peak power limits (PPLs) of the aggregators providing grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services can c...
The medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) distribution systems are usually built in a mixed three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire pattern, in which the conventional measurements are obtained through the two-wattmeter method (TWM) and three-wattmeter method (HWM). The existing three-phase state estimation (SE) models only involve the m...
With the interconnection of asynchronous ac grids through a voltage source converter-based multiterminal direct current (AGs/VSC-MTDC) system and the large-scale integration of renewable energy, it is important to resolve the power flow calculation problems efficiently and robustly for secure and economic operation of such system under stochastic c...
The IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS) is the main event promoted by TC-39 of the Instrumentation and Measurement Society.
The safety of DC microgrids is threatened by multiple types of faults occurring in different components, entailing multi-target fault detection and isolation solutions. To address this issue, this paper introduces a comprehensive fault detection and isolation framework based on the mathematical models of DC microgrids. In this work, the DC microgri...
This paper proposes a strategy to manage an electric vehicle charging station (EVCSs) with a grid-side interface based on a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). In such a system, heterogeneous behavior of electric vehicles (EVs), that is independent arrivals-departures and different load demands, could lead to significant loading unbalances among th...
Power systems are increasingly affected by various sources of uncertainty at all levels. The investigation of their effects thus becomes a critical challenge for their design and operation. Sensitivity Analysis (SA) can be instrumental for understanding the origins of system uncertainty, hence allowing for a robust and informed decision-making proc...
The growth of Electric Vehicles (EV) penetration
into the distribution network around the world is expected to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.
Simultaneously transportation electrification is becoming a point
of concern for power utilities and Distribution System Operators
(DSO). Because of this, a simulation framewo...
This study proposes a load management strategy for parking and charging facilities with the capacity to serve several hundreds of electric vehicles. The strategy is built upon two assumptions on power distribution systems of large charging stations: i) they are configured as clusters, each comprising a number of charging units for reduced cabling c...
Offshore Direct Current (DC) collector grids are a promising technology for decreasing the installation and operation costs of offshore wind parks. Nevertheless, the stability properties and hence the design of such DC collector grids is not common or standardised. Hence, this paper describes an attempt to fill these gaps by analysing the stability...
Measurements are the enabler for any power system monitoring and control application. The transition towards the smart grid consequently implies also the deployment of smart measurement systems. Recently, ideas have been proposed for the development of measurement units that directly provide the waveform samples, which can be deployed in the next f...
The monitoring of distribution systems via ad hoc state estimation techniques is essential to provide system awareness to distribution system operators and to enable advanced control functionalities. When estimating the operating conditions of the system, it is important not only to identify the state of the grid, but also to determine the confiden...