Fatma Kalaoglu

• Professor, Dr.
• Istanbul Technical University

The main objective of this research is to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of Ni–Cu-plated polyester when MnO2 is deposited on it and serves as a flexible electrode. For this purpose, the Ni–Cu-plated polyester electrode fabrics prepared in this way were deposited with MnO2 over different immersion times. The conductive polyester ele...

Soft pouch motors, engineered to mimic the natural movements of skeletal muscles, play a crucial role in advancing robotics and exoskeleton development. However, the fabrication techniques often involve multistage processes; they lack soft sensing capabilities and are sensitive to cutting and damage. This work introduces a new textile‐based pouch m...

Designing advanced soft robots with soft sensing capabilities for real‐world applications remains challenging due to the intricate integration of actuation and sensor capabilities, which require diverse materials and complex procedures. This paper introduces a fabric‐based robotic technology featuring an “all textile‐based self‐sensing pneumatic ac...

This paper investigated the development and characterization of conductive textured and non-textured polyester fabrics with various cross-sections. To impart conductivity on fabric structures, the electroless copper plating method was chosen. Electrical conductivity, thickness, electron scanning microscopy (SEM), microscopic morphology, and energy...

Characterization of the stitched textile preform is required for the prediction of textile preforms forming in the fabrication of composite structures for aerospace applications. The behavior of the preform in compression during resin injection into the preform is one of the critical issues in achieving a high-quality composite for space structures...

The use of textiles in soft robotics is gaining popularity because of the advantages textiles offer over other materials in terms of weight, conformability, and ease of manufacture. The purpose of this research is to examine the stitching process used to construct fabric-based pneumatic bending actuators as well as the effect of segment types on th...

In this research work, Nickel was in situ synthesized on polyester fabric using facile method. For this purpose, electroless plating method was used. In the first step, samples were sensitized using copper acetate. Hydrazine were used as reducing agent. In the same bath, Nickle acetate was added and in presence of hydrazine, the Nickle nano particl...

Under dynamic wear conditions, moisture management and heat transfer behaviour of clothing between the human body and its environment are very important attributes for comfort and performance. Especially considering heavy works like firefighting, it is important to analyse liquid moisture management and thermal comfort properties of fabrics that in...

Finite element modeling is an excellent technique for simulating a stitched woven composite to determine its mechanical properties and the analysis of the damage progress. In this technique, actual textile tow geometry measurements based on textile fiber photomicrographs are used to make the internal geometry of the fabric. In this paper, a unit-ce...

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of laser-treated conductive cotton fabrics by means of copper metallization techniques. The physical properties of the laser-treated knitted samples were examined in terms of thickness, durability, and abrasion impact. Furthermore, the surface topography of the laser-treated substrates was an...

Woven textiles are used as reinforcements in the composite materials in order to create balanced layer properties and enhance mechanical properties. This paper examines the behavior of two-dimension woven textile composite subjected to tensile behavior and the examination of its damage progression using a finite method technique. At first, this wor...

The paper examines the washing behavior of fabric by using the finite element method (FEM) along with the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach. Many prototypes of e-textiles with different functions have been developed for various applications in laboratories worldwide, but only a limited number of products exist on the market. The washing pr...

Purpose Virtual garment fit will be an important determinant for the online purchase decision of consumers in the near future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model to explore the factors that might impact consumers’ virtual garment fit satisfactions (VFS). Design/methodology/approach Virtual body satisfaction (VBS...

The direct approach, interaction with volunteers and a specially made shirt to study the influence of races, height, weight and age to the wearing ease of clothing pattern, were used in this work. Two groups of volunteers have participated in the process of the research: group 1) 43 Chinese volunteers from the Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technolo...

This review summarizes the recent developments and importance of wearable electronic textiles in the past decade. Wearable electronic textiles are an emerging interdisciplinary research area that requires new design approaches. This challenging interdisciplinary research field brings together specialists in electronics, information technology, micr...

This study aims to manufacture and characterize various types of conductive cotton fabrics through the copper metal coating approach. Thus, we selected nine-combed cotton knitted fabrics with different yarn fineness and elastane percentage in order to see the effect of these parameters on conductivity and physical properties of the samples. We also...

In recent years, due to the widespread usage of various sensors action recognition is becoming more popular in many fields such as person surveillance, human-robot interaction etc. In this study, we aimed to develop an action recognition system by using only limited accelerometer and gyroscope data. Several deep learning methods like Convolutional...

The washability issue is always a challenge for electronic textiles in terms of application. It reduces their reliability, makes them not robust enough, and therefore not ready for the market. In this study, a novel protocol was designed to test the performance of conductive threads under wet situation in order to simulate the washing cycle. In thi...

Washing process is an important issue for e-textiles and smart textile structures. In the washing process, textile fabrics are exposed to mechanical stresses, chemical reactions, thermal stress, and temperature. These stresses cause damage on conductive yarns and accordingly electronic contacts in the wearable device. Modeling the damage during was...

The development of the conductive transmission lines is crucial part for the creation of wearable electronic systems. The current focus of this study is to create signal transmission lines resistant to environmental effects. To do this, an ultrasonic welding technology has been used in order to analyze its suitability for e-textile transmission lin...

This study provides comparison of different types of conductive yarns stitched on top of the plain woven fabric via two different structures (parallel and mesh form) for electromagnetic shielding applications. Different types of structures with conductive yarns were investigated for electromagnetic shielding and reflection loss features within the...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse dynamic drape behaviour of eight different types of woollen fabrics each treated by three different finishing processes. Design/methodology/approach A new apparatus was used to evaluate the dynamic drape formation process of woollen fabrics during the rotation of the samples at different speed grad...

Following the rapid technology development on smart and electronic textiles, research on textile antennas has rapidly emerged during the last decade due to their numerous applications in the health and safety sectors. Integrated electronic components in textile structures enables the development of new products and services for commercial and tacti...

Plasma technique can be used to improve the surface characteristics of polyamide fabric with elastane through surface modification. In this study, the Polyamide fabrics with elastane treated with low-temperature, low- pressure, radio frequency argon plasma were investigated. After treated with the Plasma, in order to observe the effect of plasma tr...

Seam strength has a huge impact on the durability of the garment. Conductive yarn usage in a stitching while development the e-textile structures is often used to connect electronic modules to sensors and actuators. Most common conductive yarn, used for the joining of e-textile products, is silver coated polyamide yarn. In this standpoint, chosen w...

In this research study, knitted fabrics were produced on an E=12 gauge electronic flat bed knitting machine for the High frequency attenuation characterization in the frequency range of 1 GHz -1,5 GhZ. Conductive yarns with different linear resistances were knitted into non-conductive base fabrics made from double covered PA 6.6 core spun lycra yar...

Optimal comfort will enable the wearer to work efficiently over long periods of time and help to protect the body from imminent overheating. The thermal performance of fire fighters' protective clothing is primarily based on the thermophysical properties of the materials that are used to construct the clothing. In this study, we have used new fire...

The drive for integration of electronic components into textile substrates has been a major aspect of research into production of smart textiles. Electronic components as such, are rigid, inflexible, do not easily follow body movements and can cause hypersensitivity of the skin upon prolonged contact due either to the presence of irritants or the r...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare real fabric drape images and virtual fabric drape images created by a commercial software. To achieve an in-depth comparison, actual and virtual drape shape properties were considered under three categories: drape area, number of nodes and shape of folds. The results of this research are expected to...

In this research study, knitted fabrics were produced on an E= 12 gauge electronic flat bed knitting machine for the High frequency attenuation characterization in the frequency range of 1 GHz-1,5 GhZ. Conductive yarns with different linear resistances were knitted into non-conductive base fabrics made from double covered PA 6.6 core spun lycra yar...

Yapıştırılarak kullanılan telalar, özellikle takım elbise gibi ürünlerin estetik ve performans özelliklerini etkilemeleri sebebiyle son derece önemlidir. Telanın kumaşa yapıştırılmasıyla oluşan ve bu sebeple literatürde yapıştırılmış kompozit olarak nitelendirilen telalı kumaşların iki önemli kalite özelliği, telalı parçaların dayanıklılığının bir...

In this study, an electronic chest strap prototype was designed for measuring fitness level, performance optimization, mobility and fall detection. Knitting technology is used for production by using highly elastic nylon yarn. In order to evaluate comfort performance of the garment, yarn strength and elongation, air permeability, moisture managemen...

Sports garments with functional properties have become crucial as well as comfort properties since they improve the wearer performance. For this reason, sport vest and short having high elastic recovery with fall detection sensor, were designed and produced by using flat-bed knitting machine. Comfort properties of short and vest were tested with se...

In this study, a commercial 3D virtual garment simulation software (Optitex) is used to simulate drape behaviours of five different fabrics. Mechanical properties of selected fabrics are measured by Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing (FAST) method. Measured bending, shear and extension properties of fabrics are inserted to the simulation software t...

Purpose Surgical gowns should be designed and produced using special techniques to provide barrier properties against potential risks during surgery and healthcare procedures. Ultrasonic welding is one of these methods used to produce surgical gowns with determined barrier properties. The purpose of this paper is to analyse bond strength and permea...

Development of the wrinkled fabrics depends on geometry and relaxation behavior of the woven fabrics. After bleaching and relaxation, the new shapes and sizes of crinkles were recorded. The results prove that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the fabric structure. The quantities of the crinkles on the fabric are relate...

This study examined the effects of ultrasonic welding parameters on bond strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness, as well as water permeability. For study purpose, two types of four-layered fabrics with same compositions and different areal densities suitable for inner part of sport shoes were used. Two different types of seams, lapped and supe...

In this chapter development of a smart shirt system enabling obstacle avoidance for visually impaired people is presented. An innovative approach based on integration of electronics to textiles is used to design a smart shirt. Adaptation of sensor and actuator methodology to textiles and their performance in terms of signal quality and accuracy are...

Purpose – Knitted fabrics containing elastane provide high level of comfort and ease of usage because of the elastic and drape properties over the body. Knitted fabrics respond to every movement of the body and return back to its original shape easily so they are used widely for apparel production. The most important properties required from the el...

Physiological parameter monitoring may be useful in many different groups of the population, such as infants, elderly people, athletes, soldiers, drivers, fire-fighters, police etc. This can provide a variety of information ranging from health status to operational readiness. In this article, we focus on the case of first responders and specificall...

Purpose – Sleep is a vital and a basic activity of human life and it is a physiological need for human body. Sleep quality is directly influenced by the comfort conditions of sleep environment. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of textile materials utilized as bed fabrics on air and mass transfer from the human body. Design/methodol...

e-Textiles are structures that have properties such as sensing, actuating, communicating, and generating/storing power. Since e-textile structures may be in contact with skin, it is essential to have low temperatures when they are functioning. In this article, temperatures obtained on the e-textile structures were analyzed by taking into account we...

This paper presents a study conducted on electrical resistance heating of knitted e-fabric structures including silver plated conductive yarns. The study further investigates the application of ultrasonic welding technology on these knitted e-fabrics in order to see their effect on heating performance. Thermal analysis was carried out under differe...

This chapter on the finishing and quality control of jeans starts with the process flow of different treatments involving both dry and wet processes. It further discusses the different printing techniques for creating multiple designs on denim jeans. Detailed sections follow on the finishing of denim fabrics as well as the different functional fini...

Virtual garments are expected to break a fresh ground for textile and apparel industry. When flawless virtual garments on virtual models are achieved, this triumph will hopefully put an end to costly prototype production and pave the way for shopping apparel online without any concerns. OptiTex is a CAD program that enables fashion designers to cre...

This study examined the effects of ultrasonic welding parameters on bond strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness, as well as water permeability. For study purpose, two types of four-layered fabrics with same compositions and different areal densities suitable for inner part of sport shoes were used. Two different types of seams, lapped and supe...

This study examined the effects of ultrasonic welding parameters on bond strength, seam thickness and seam stiffness, as well as water permeability. For study purpose, two types of four-layered fabrics with same compositions and different areal densities suitable for inner part of sport shoes were used. Two different types of seams, lapped and supe...

Body temperature is an important physiological signal in terms of heat, cold stress and comfort aspects. The aim of this study was to develop weft knitted temperature-sensing fabric along with application of welding technology. Temperature sensing structures have been realised by knitting conductive yarns into the textile structure. The working pri...

Following the rapid technology development on smart and electronic textiles, research on textile antennas has rapidly emerged during the last decade due to their numerous applications in the health and safety sectors. Integrated electronic components in textile structures enables the development of new products and services for commercial and tacti...

The tear strength of a woven fabric is very important, since it is more closely related to serviceability of the fabric. Tearing strength of the fabrics depend on the mobility of the yarn within the fabric structure. In this study, the tearing strength of four types of fabrics warp rib, weft rib, ripstop and plain weave were analysed, which were pr...

Stiffness is an important mechanical property that influences fabric handle, clothing appearance and fit. The circular bending stiffness, fabric formability and drapeability have high influence on fitting the cloths to human body. In this study, the comparison of circular bending stiffness and drape of wool fabrics were analyzed. Comparison of expe...

This study investigated the potential possibilities for obtaining textile transmission lines by incorporating conductive yarns into fabrics through a hot air welding process. Hot air sealing for obtaining textile transmission line was conducted using 100 % PES woven fabric, GoreTex® waterproof welding tape and seven different conductive yarn types,...

By textile science incorporating with electronic industry, developed textile products start to take part in different areas such as industry, military, space, medical etc. for health, protection, defense, communication and automation. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are fabrics that contain electronics and interconnections with them. In this study...

Forecasting is the science of predicting future outcomes and, it is used to determine the future targets of a business, product, or industry in business life. It is extremely important for a business to do proper forecasting before developing new products or product lines and prevents spending a lot of time and money for developing a product that f...

Garment fit on a body model is an important factor for designing comfortable, functional and well fitting garments. Nowadays the virtual prototyping of garments provides high potential for design, product development and marketing processes. Previous examinations of garment fit to the body in a real and virtual environment were merely focused on ex...

The relationship between fabric drape, low stress mechanical properties and finishing processes is relatively complex. This paper demonstrates the possibility of using artificial neural networks to identify the fabric drape of woollen fabrics treated with different dry finishing processes (stenter, decatising, superfinish, formula, KADE strong/weak...

Fabric assemblies for firefighting clothing have been tested for heat protection and comfort. The constituent materials and fabric structures have been specifically selected and tailored for firefighters’ clothing. In order to do this, four types of outer shell fabrics, four types of moisture barrier fabrics, and four types of heat barriers with di...

In this study, a methodology for an internal benchmarking process was proposed for apparel retailer companies with the subaims of the identification of customers' requirements and the determination of working procedures related with them. To this aim, in the methodology of customer satisfaction and process benchmarking, Quality Function Deployment...

Assembly lines are production systems developed to meet the requirements of mankind. The main aim is to produce high demand products within the shortest time limits, in the most productive and cheap way with high quality. Assembly line balancing problem can be considered as a difficult optimization problem and today still some heuristic methods are...

3D computer technologies are closely linked to all textile fields ranging from the designing and constructing of fabrics and garments, virtual human body presentations, interactive virtual prototyping to virtual fashion shows and e-trading. This paper offers a review of frequently used methods for fabric simulation. The review is divided into two p...

The Turkish textile and apparel industry is losing ground as a global player. This forces it to make a careful future analysis to determine the road map ahead and to develop appropriate strategies. Since long term success heavily depends on the development and implementation of strategies that best respond to future requirements for achieving objec...

Today global firms in distant places are trying to find ways of controlling larger networks of production and distribution. The competitive nature of the field has increased dramatically in the retail sector in recent years. Today retailers must have some competitive strategies like having more price competitiveness, higher service levels as well a...

The appearance and hand of end-use fabrics has become more and more important when purchasing textile fabrics.The finishing parameters have complex influences on the large number of changes that occur in fabric properties during finishing processes. This study focused on the influences of different finishing parameters on mechanical and surface pro...

The properties of wool fabrics desired can only be achieved if appropriate finishing pro-cesses are carried out. Decatising is a part of wool finishing processes increasing the fab-ric surface properties of fabrics. In this study, high pressure decatising process was applied to semi-decatised woven wool fabrics. Surface properties (coefficient of f...

This paper investigated the wicking and drying behaviour of polyester woven fabrics. The effects of yarn type, weft density, weave structure, thickness and air permeability were evaluated by the application of vertical wicking, transfer wicking and drying tests. Correlation analysis and two sided independent t-tests of the data obtained from experi...

It is very important to analyze the attitude and behavior of the actors toward to possible events in order to forecast the future realistically and to realize accurate strategies for Turkish apparel industry in today's competitive environment. In this study, the impacts of the actors in developing future scenarios for Turkish apparel industry, were...

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butyl acrylate) [P(AN-co-BuA)] was synthesized from acrylonitrile (AN) 95% and butyl acrylate (BuA) 5%—molar ratios—by free-radical polymerization in aqueous media, using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. Pyrrole was oxidatively polymerized in dimethylformamide in the presence of P(AN-co-BuA) matrix to produce polypyrrol...

In this study, a factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of process parameters on nanofibre diameters, the voltage applied and the distance from the tip to collector. Nanofibres were produced using 10% concentration solution of polyurethane-tetrahydrofuran. The effects of solution parameters on the diameters of nanofibres are kn...

The value of Turkish textile and apparel trade has shown steady growth since the 1980s, making this one of the indispensable sectors for the Turkish economy. However, especially after 2000, the dramatic effects of globalisation and liberalisation began to be felt in world textile and apparel trade, subsequently changing the dynamics. Companies work...

The textile and clothing sectors can be seen as a supply chain consisting of a number of discrete activities. The supply chain from sourcing raw materials to distribution and marketing must be well organized as an integrated production network.. Logistics is a very important strategy to gain competitive advantages like time, cost and customer satis...

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to determine the electronic system components of a smart clothing system design developed for blinds. The integration of diverse components which are developed and produced by different technologies and materials is a major challenge in a smart clothing system technology. Therefore, an integrated methodol...

The textile and clothing sectors can be seen as a supply chain consisting of a number of discrete activities. The supply chain from sourcing raw materials to distribution and marketing must be well organized as an integrated production network. Logistics is a very important strategy to gain competitive advantages like time, cost and customer satisf...

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between different knitted structures and some thermo-physiological comfort parameters. Wetting, wicking and drying properties of single jersey, 1 × 1 rib, 2 × 2 rib and interlock knitted fabrics made out of acrylic yarns were studied and experimental wicking height, wicking weight, transfe...

Business success in a competitive environment lies beneath the capability of the identification of the customer requirements, understanding the strengths of the competitors' applications and the discovery of the accomplishments which best serve the meeting of customer requirements. Benchmarking is a valuable tool for the companies to assess their i...

Turkish textile and apparel industry had a great contribution on the Turkish economy and growth being a significant player of the global competition. Having such an influential textile and apparel industry and a large population composed of high number of young consumers, the apparel retail industry in Turkey entered a growing phase with an increas...

Polyurethane (PU)–polypyrrole (PPy) composite films and nanofibers were successfully prepared for the purpose of combining the properties of PU and PPy. Pyrrole (Py) monomer was polymerized and dispersed uniformly throughout the PU matrix by means of oxidative polymerization with cerium(IV) [ceric ammonium nitrate Ce(IV)] in dimethylformamide. Film...

In recent years, various novel and practical products have been emerged by the rapid development in science and technology in order to meet human demands. By textile science incorporating with electronic industry, developed textile products start to take part in different areas such as industry, military, space, medical etc. for health, protection,...

The aim of this study is to analyze the crosstalk effect within e-textile structure. In e-textiles, induced signals acting as a noise source are resulting in a crosstalk and lack of signal integrity between conductive lines. In this study, in order to analyze crosstalk effect within e-textile circuit, e-textile structure was firstly developed accor...

The aim of this study is to investigate effects of some process parameters on the morphology, diameter and diameter distributions of the resulting electrospun polyurethane nanofibers. The electrospinning of polyurethane was carried out using the same polymer solvent system, varying the applied voltage and tip to collector distance. The morphology o...

In this study, an innovative wearable obstacle detection system fully integrated to textile structures, which enables detection of obstacles for visually impaired people, has been developed. In order to guide visually impaired people safely and quickly among obstacles, an innovative approach based on integration of electronics onto textiles has bee...

Development of the wrinkled fabrics depends on geometry and relaxation behavior of the woven fabrics. After bleaching and relaxation, the new shapes and sizes of crinkles were recorded. The results prove that the manner of fabric deformation during relaxation depends upon the fabric structure. The quantities of the crinkles on the fabric are relate...

Turkish apparel industry has a significant impact on Turkish economy. But recently, there are rapid and challenging changes for the industry because of the abolishment of quotas and liberalization of trade. It is very important for the companies and for the industry to anticipate the future so that the future plans and strategies can be arranged to...

In this study, to overcome navigation concerns of visually impaired people, an algorithm based on neuro-fuzzy controller composed of multi-layer fuzzy inference systems (FIS) for obstacle avoidance was developed and it was implemented in a smart clothing system. The success of the proposed algorithm was tested in real environment and it was compare...

The aim of this study is to evaluate vibrotactile perception via an e-textile structure on different parts of the body by different signal types and frequencies. First an e-textile structure was developed by the integration of a vibration motor to knitted fabric using conductive yarns. Then various signal waveforms at different frequencies were app...

Logistics is defined as a business planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. Logistics is a very important strategy to get competitive advantages like time, cost and customer satisfaction. The supply chain of the clothing sector has very distinctive processes. The supply chain from sourcing of raw ma...

Global expansion is the key to success for many firms and an effective logistics system is essential to the success of a global marketing effort. Developing a successful logistics strategy depends on the company's individual supply chain in terms of their major product services and competitive challenges. The clothing industry is one of the most co...

Purpose – During the past decades, several researchers have introduced devices that use sonar systems to detect and/or to determine the object location or to measure the distance to an object using reflected sound waves. The purpose of this paper is to use sonar sensor with textile structure and to test it for detection of objects. Design/methodol...

There is a growing interest in development of textiles with electrical conductivity due to the variety of applications including electromagnetic interference shielding, electrostatic dissipating, antistatic applications, microwave reduction, gas sensors, biomechanical sensors. Polypyrrole is one of the most promising conductive polymers due to its...

In this project, the heating behaviour of conductive yarns were examined. The conductive yarn type,fabric construction and the applied voltage influence the heat dissiaption. The dissipated heat must not affect the comfort of the people who wear those clothes and also must not give any damage to the other yarns that are used as a based in the const...

In this study, poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) (P(AN-co-VAc)) composite films were prepared by chemical polymerization of pyrrole(Py), N-methyl pyrrole (NMPy) and N-phenyl pyrrole (NPhPy) with cerium(IV) [Ce(IV)] on P(AN-co-VAc) matrix. An increase was observed in the absorbances of CN ring stretching vibration (1451 cm−1) by introducing pyrro...

In this study, Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) [P(AN-co-VAc)] composite films were fabricated by chemical polymerization of pyrrole (Py) with cerium(IV) (Ce(IV)) on P(AN-co-VAc) matrix. The effect of amount of Py and temperature on the composite film properties was studied in a frequency range starting from 0.05 Hz to 10 MHz and in a temperatu...

In recent years, the textile and clothing industry has suffered difficulties all over the world. The most successful advances lost their importance over time so that yesterday's competitive advantages became today's minimum standards. Although Turkey has had a reputation for high quality service and lower costs than most of its partners, the global...

The field of electronic textiles is still relatively new and extending due to technology miniaturisation. In this article, the integration of an ultrasonic sensor into a textile structure was realised and analysed in order to develop a system able to help visually impaired people. The performance of ultrasonic sensors was tested by means of five di...

In this study a heuristic assembly line balancing technique known as "Probabilistic Line Balancing Technique" developed by El-Sayed and Boucher is applied to solve multi-model assembly line balancing problem in a clothing company for two different models. Information about definitions and solution methods related to the assembly line balancing prob...