Fatemeh Karandish

University of Twente in the Netherlands

A comprehensive framework for revealing the jeopardization between SDGs 2 and 6 is provided in this study. Along with a water footprint (WF) assessment, the 30-years pattern of agricultural WFs and its hydro-environmental, social, and ecopolitical (SEP) consequences were quantified for the major food producer regions of Iran, as it is a water-bankr...

The AquaCrop model has a wide applicability for crop growth simulation under climate change. Nevertheless, its reliability for designing sustainable production system, particularly under environmental stresses, requires to be analyzed in advance. Hence, we carried out a 4-year field-modeling approach to address this issue. This is the first field-m...

In this study, we simulate the crop yield and water footprint (WF) of major food crops of Iran on irrigated and rainfed croplands for the historical and the future climate. We assess the effects of three agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change in terms of potential blue water savings. We then evaluate to what extent these savings can r...

Qanat is an ancient underground structure to abstract groundwater without the need for external energy. A recognized world heritage, Qanat has enabled civilization in arid and semi‐arid regions that lack perennial surface water resources. These important structures, however, have faced significant challenges in recent decades due to increasing anth...

Sustainable production in water-scarce regions entails not to overshoot the sustainable blue water availability (BWA), which in turn requires addressing environmental flow requirements (EFRs). We explored the long-term effects of agricultural development, before (1984–1997) and during (1998–2018) the operation of the modern irrigation and drainage...

Freshwater scarcity and soil salinity are amongst the main obstacles for sustainable development of irrigated agriculture, particularly in arid regions. A 2-year field investigation was conducted at an experimental field in south-east Iran during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the individual and integrated effects of water-saving irr...

Improving the economic productivity of limited available freshwater through producing more rice with less water is essential to sustain paddy production systems in the future. The effectiveness of two current-successful water management strategies, i.e., mid-season drainage (MSD) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), under future climate was inve...

On 18 November 2019, the life of Arjen Y [...]

Ending hunger and ensuring food security are among targets of 2030’s SDGs. While food trade and the embedded (virtual) water (VW) may improve food availability and accessibility for more people all year round, the sustainability and efficiency of food and VW trade needs to be revisited. In this research, we assess the sustainability and efficiency...

Dear Colleagues, Freshwater scarcity is a major threat to human’s sustainable development. Even when physical water availability may be low and highly variable at many places and threatened by climate change, water scarcity is mainly caused by strongly increased human water demands, violating environmental flow requirements in many regions of the...

Sustainable development requires modifying the current consumption pattern of natural resources. This study investigates efficient tactics for reducing the unsustainability and inefficiency of human’s food-related blue water consumption alongside improving national environmental and socioeconomic status. As a case study for Iran, 15 alternative man...

Iran, is amongst the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, suffering from blue water scarcity. Hence, sustainable development in Iran requires modifying blue water consumption pattern, and on the other hand, all water resources consumption planning requires a proper knowledge about the water scarcity status in different regions of the country. I...

Water shortages pose significant threats to local water security and food production around the world. Water managers have resorted to various water resources planning measures to overcome these challenges. For the first time and for a case study in Iran, we provide a comparative analysis of two such measures: physical and virtual inter-basin water...

The impact of global warming on water and nitrate losses from a rainfed-canola cropping system under various artificial drainage systems was assessed using an integrated field-modeling approach. Four subsurface drainage systems with different drain depths (Dx) and spacings (Ly), including D0.90L30, D0.65L30, D0.65L15, and Bilevel (with a drain spac...

The DSSAT4.7-CERES model was employed to simulate plant-water nexus conditions in the future of Mazandaran province in Iran, using ensemble outputs of various GCMs and emission scenarios with LARS-WG 5.5 in the time period 2010-2100. The results showed during the 21 st century, maize water requirement is expected to be reduced by 3.3-14.1%. Under c...

This book is the Persian translation of ïts English version entitled "The Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard" authored by Hoekstra et al. (2011). To freely download the book, you can refer to the following link: https://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/publications/water-footprint-assessment-manual/

Availability of sufficient and clean freshwater has become a growing constraint to sustainable agricultural development in many countries. We explore two pathways that hold the potential to reduce water consumption and pollution related to cereal production in Iran: reducing food waste and changing cropping patterns. Hereto, we first evaluated the...

Improper wheat production and consumption pattern, which is the most important product in global food basket, has a significant role in the occurrence of the current water challenges, especially within the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In this research, along with diagnosing and analyzing current challenges through wheat production and c...

Applying saline water resources for irrigating croplands requires serious attentions when sustainable agriculture is considered. A two-year field investigation was carried out in a drip-irrigated sunflower field under six irrigation treatments, including (i) full freshwater irrigation (FI), full irrigation with diluted seawater (DS) (SI), alternate...

Introduction In arid and semi-arid areas, water can be a limiting factor for plant growth and agricultural yields. It is an important input to agricultural production and also an essential requirement for domestic, industrial and municipal activities. Increasing population and standards of living are contributing to a steep rise in demand for fresh...

Freshwater crisis and soil salinity are the most important factors that limiting agriculture in arid areas. In these conditions, the cultivation of medicinal plants with considering environmental aspects can be an intelligence strategy for these areas. For this purpose, a field experiment with four treatments and three replications was conducted in...

Introduction: In arid and semi-arid areas, water can be a limiting factor for plant growth and agricultural yields. Considering limited water resources in arid and semi-arid climate of Iran, deficit irrigation is one of the strategies for efficient use of water and increasing water use efficiency in agricultural lands. Deficit irrigation (DI) is a...

In order to study the effects of two drip irrigation systems and deficit irrigation on the quantitative traits of Rosmarinus officinalis L., an experiment was conducted in Kerman Municipality seedling production station in 2016. The experimental treatments were laid out in split plot a randomized complete block design with three replications. The t...

Agricultural sustainability under the warming climate highly depends on limiting the extreme use of the blue water resources within the irrigated lands, and instead, optimally applying green water resources within the expanded rainfed lands. In this research, potentials for expanding dry farming under climate change were analyzed in five climatic z...

Achieving safer environment under intensive agriculture highly depends on input resource management. This research is the first grey water footprint (WF) assessment in which the field-scale heterogeneities in input data are considered to provide new insights for achieving sustainable environment under dense farming. For a 10-year period over 2005–2...

This research is conducted with the purpose of studying greenhouse gas emissions by wheat production in Bojnourd using the life cycle approach. The basic information is collected from wheat farmers in the form of questionnaires in the crop year 2015–2016. The meteorology and crop data are gathered, respectively, from the Meteorological Organization...

In order to investigation the root distribution and plant growth of Rosmarinus officinalis L., an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications under using subsurface irrigation system in 2016. In this study treatments are full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit (RDI75 and RDI55) and partial root zone drying irr...

Sustainable utilization of blue water resources under climate change is of great significance especially for producing high water-consuming crops in water-scarce regions. Based on the virtual water concept, we carried out a comprehensive field-modeling research to find the optimal agricultural practices regarding rice blue water consumption under p...

The quality of coastal water resources at the downstream of watersheds is decreasing mainly due to different anthropogenic activities. In this research, temporal variations of groundwater quality were investigated in a 25000 ha coastal area in Mazandaran province. Groundwater samples were taken from 37 observation wells in the region before (winter...

In this comparative research, we applied the HYDRUS (2D/3D) and SALTMED models to investigate the influence of various water-saving irrigation strategies on maize water footprints (WFs), . The models were first calibrated and validated based on data collected in a two-year field investigation under five water-saving irrigation treatments: full irri...

The formulation of water footprint (WF) benchmarks in crop production – i.e. identifying reference levels of reasonable amounts of water consumption and pollution per tonne of crop produced – has been suggested as a promising strategy to counter inefficient water use and pollution. The current study is the first to show how setting WF benchmarks ma...

The HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was applied to investigate the probable effects of different subsurface drainage systems on the soil water dynamics under a rainfed-canola cropping system in paddy fields. Field experiments were conducted during two rainfed-canola growing seasons on the subsurface-drained paddy fields of the Sari Agricultural Sciences and N...

Agriculture, due to a growing scarcity of fresh water resources, often uses low-quality waters for irrigation, such as saline waters. However, unmanaged applications of such waters may have negative environmental and economic consequences. Based on the concept of the water footprint (WF), a measure of the consumptive and degradative water use, the...

In this research, after calibrating and validating the DSSAT-CERES-Maize model, the integrated effects of modifying planting date and irrigation water depth on maize water use efficiency was investigated for four stations of Gharakheil, Babolsar, Ramsar and Noshahr in Mazandaran Province. In this regard, the model was first calibrated and validated...

Abstract As a supplemental practice to land consolidation projects, subsurface drainage systems have been installed in paddy fields to allow for crop diversification and to improve the overall productivity of paddy soils. The HYDRUS (2D/3D) model was applied to investigate the combined effects of different subsurface drainage systems and water mana...

For a 120-year period, the projected effects of climate change on annual, seasonal, and monthly potential evapotranspiration (ETo) and green water deficit (GWD) were analyzed involving the associated uncertainties for five climatic zones of Iran. Analysis was carried out using data obtained from 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under three SRES...

Soil cardinal temperatures are one of the affective factors on biological properties of crops and highly affect root growth and consequently, water and nutrient uptake. Since soil water content has a considerable contribution in controlling soil temperature, predicting the probable consequences of applying a specific irrigation strategy may help wi...

Iran’s focus on food self-sufficiency has led to an emphasis on increasing water volumes available for irrigation with little attention to water use efficiency, and no attention at all to the role of consumption and trade. To better understand the development of water consumption in relation to food production, consumption, and trade, we carried ou...

Global greenhouse gases increase could be a threat to sustainable agriculture since it might affect both green water and air temperature. Using the outputs of 15 general circulation models (GCMs) under three SRES scenarios of A1B, A2 and B1, the projected annual and seasonal precipitation (P) and cardinal temperatures (T) were analyzed for five cli...

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation for different subsurface drainage systems was tested in an experimental paddy field in Sari, Mazandaran Province, Iran. During two growing seasons in 2014 and 2015, two local rice cultivars (Daylamani and Hashemi) were tested for four combinations of subsurface drainage systems with 15 and 30 m drain sp...

The scarcity of freshwater and increasing water demand for irrigation has led to the application of new irrigation methods and also use of saline water resources. For this, a field study was conducted in two crop seasons (2014 and 2015) for evaluating the effect of quantity and quality management of irrigation water on morphological characters and...

Nitrate losses are the dominant cause of the non-point source pollution under agricultural fields. In this study, the HYDRUS-2D model was first calibrated and validated using data collected during a two-year field investigation in a drip-irrigated maize field and then applied to evaluate the influence of 176 different N-managed water-saving irrigat...

en This study focuses on diagnosing drainage problems in the coastal areas of Iran by using geostatistical methods, support vector machines (SVMs) and the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Groundwater level (WD) and quality were monitored at 37 shallow wells scattered over a 25 000 ha area at different times. Using prepared raster maps...

Abstract Iran is the second largest country in the Middle East and is facing a dangerous water crisis in the recent years. Agriculture is the biggest fresh water user in Iran, accounting for over 90% of national water abstraction, and therefore, inefficient water management in this sector is known as the main source of water shortage across the cou...

Abstract1 Background and Objectives: Global greenhouse gases increase could be a threat for the sustainable agriculture under climate change due to affecting important meteorological and hydrological variables. Potential evapotranspiration is an effective key factor influences on the production of agricultural crops and lacking an appropriate under...

The growth and distribution of root are the factors affecting on the crop yield. So, the factors that cause defects in the development and activity of underground part of the plant, will be effected on shoot growth and crop yield. In this study, the effects of partial root zone drying with the combination of seawater on root distribution of sunflow...

In this study, the effects of partial root zone drying with saline water on yield and yield components of sunflower was investigated in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari in 2014 crop year. Treatments were arranged on factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Six treatments included ful...

Abstract In this study, the influence of Irrigation with raw (RWI) and treated (TWI) wastewater on the quantitative and microbial properties of wheat in comparison with using safe water for Irrigation (SWI) was investigated under a completely randomized block design. Irrigation water quality was analyzed every two weeks during the growing season. A...

يشگفتار اعمال مديريت صحيح و تعديل مصرف آب در بخ شهاي مختلف، گام مؤثري براي كاهش خطرات احتماليِ ناشي از مداخلة بشر در چرخة طبيعي آب محسوب مي شو د. در اين ميان، توجه به بخش هايي كه سهم بالاتري در مصرف منابعِ آب در دسترس دارند از اهميت بيشتري برخوردار خواهد بود. نگاهي به آمارهاي جهاني نشان م يدهد كه بخش كشاورزي با سهمي حدود 70 درصد در كشورهاي توسعه...

Despite the population increase and the need to produce more fruit to meet per capita consumption of fruits, non-compliance of cropping pattern to the available water resources in a region, especially in water scarce areas, led to reduction in the production of horticultural crops in recent years. In this research, the most appropriate cropping pat...

Simulation models are useful tools that may help to improve our understanding of soil-water-plant interactions under innovative water-saving irrigation strategies. In this study, the HYDRUS-2D model was applied to evaluate the influence of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD) on maize water extractions during two cropping cycl...

Soil temperature is a major effective factor on the soil and plant biological properties. Irrigation can affect soil temperature and thereby induces a temperature effect on plant growth, which may result in an economic increase due to higher yield and plant nutrition. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of three irrigation...

Soil water content (SWC) is a key factor in optimizing the usage of water resources in agriculture since it provides information to make an accurate estimation of crop water demand. Methods for predicting SWC that have simple data requirements are needed to achieve an optimal irrigation schedule, especially for various water-saving irrigation strat...

Abstract Global warming is a one of the most important natural hazard in the current world which could affect crop yields through affecting plant physiology, soil water balance and crop water requirement via green and blue water. Under such circumstances, achieving water and food security through an optimal usage of water resources and maintaining...

There is a growing concern about health hazards linked to nitrate (NO3) toxicity in groundwater due to overuse of nitrogen fertilizers in rice production systems of northern Iran. Simple-cost-effective methods for quick and reliable prediction of NO3 contamination in groundwater of such agricultural systems can ensure sustainable rural development....

Subsurface drainage is a prerequisite for year-round crop production in a large area of northern Iran, s paddy fields. Minimizing environmental and health issues related to nitrogen (N) losses through subsurface drainage systems provides suitable condition for sustainable agriculture in these fields. A field study was conducted to evaluate nitrogen...

In this research, the influence of climate change on maize cultivation was investigated and then, the possible solutions for adopting this natural hazard in the coasts of Caspian Sea in Iran was assessed. Weather data were generated for the 2011–2100 period using a statistical downscaling model under different climatic scenarios. Reference evapotra...

This research was carried out in two grwoing seasons of 2010 and 2011 in Jiroft City aiming at investigating different irrigation water level and the pattern of drip irrigation system on greenhouse cucumber. The research was done as a split-split-plot design with 16 treatments and three replications by combining the main and the sub-main factors. M...

This research was conducted to quantify total phosphorus (TP) losses in poorly drained-consolidated paddy fields equipped with different surface and shallow subsurface drainage systems including drain depth of 0.9 m and drain spacing of 30 m (D0.9L30), drain depth of 0.65 m and drain spacing of 30 m (D0.65L30), drain depth of 0.65 m and drain spaci...

Introductions: Mountainous area has a considerable share in supplying water demand in the arid regions. Because, snow consists a large part of the rainfall in such regions which could be saved in the area located in the high elevations for a long time. Therefore, snowmelt runoff consists a large part of the total runoff in the mountain watersheds....

A. Darzi-Naftchali*1, M. Maldar-Badeli2, M. Ziatabar-Ahmadi3 and F. Karandish4

Climate change will affect rice water requirement through changes in rice physiology and phenology, soil water balance, evapotranspiration and green water. Adapting with this major environmental challenge is necessary to maintain or improve the current level of rice production in the future period. Considering the vital role of Mazandaran province...

Soil-plant water dynamics is a major driving factor on crop yield which could be improved under optimal irrigation strategy. The soil water dynamics under partial root-zone drying (PRD) and its consequent effects on maize economics returns was investigated in a two-year field study in the research field of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Res...

Water quality is one of the most affective factors on soil infiltration. The widespread use of wastewater in recent years caused the accurate estimation of soil infiltration to be essential for achieving proper irrigation management. Therefore, Philip, Kostiakov, Kostiakov-Lewis, Green-Ampt,Horton, SCS and linear regression models for soil infiltra...

Background and Objectives: Evapotranspiration is one of the parameters that have special importance in various areas of agriculture and water resources management also for definition of future policies its estimation is required. The main objective of this research is to determine mathematical models for estimating evapotranspiration and studying a...

Application of saline water sources combined with reducing water consumption during crops growing seasons will have an important role in adjustment with water crisis. In this regard, applying a suitable water management aimed at sustaining crops under osmotic stress and water deficit can cause food security. Thus, in this research, the influence of...

Access to water and food security in arid and limited water resources regions requires optimal cropping pattern. In this research, virtual water (VW) trade was implemented to find the best cropping pattern in Sistan and Blouchestan province of Iran. Forty-four common cultivated productions in the province were classified in 6 classes including cere...

The lack of enough meteorological stations at high elevations in mountainous regions causes a limitation for using regression relations to interpolate air temperatures at different time scales. Therefore, in this study, geostatistical methods include Kriging, Co-Kriging and Weighting moving average has been compared with elevation-temperature relat...

Despite of having a favorable condition for many agricultural crops, Iran faced severe water shortage due to improper cropping pattern in many parts of the country. In this study, the concept of water use efficiency (WUE) and economic water productivity (WPe) was applied to prioritizing four common cultivated crops in Rayen city; including wheat, c...

Agricultural activities with their intensive utilization of agri chemicals, pose a significant potential for negative impact on the quality of underlying groundwater. The present study was conducted to assess seasonal variation of groundwater quality and its suitability for agricultural use in the coastal area of Mazandaran province, Northern Iran....

Unmanaged use of natural resources such as soil would lead to deterioration of its quality and fertility. Consequently, spatial monitoring of these properties is necessary to find the optimal management options to protect soil fertility. Thus, in this study, the long-term effects of treated wastewater irrigation on qualitative properties of surface...

Water shortage as well as negative effects of climate change on it is a global concern. Long-term variations of the climatic variables due to greenhouse gases emission has a significant effect on the volume of renewable water resources and consequently, on the planning for water allocation to important sectors. Thus, in this research, the long-term...

Soil temperature is one of the most effective parameter for plant growth. Although the spatiotemporal monitoring of soil temperature is important for providing an optimum condition to maximize the yield efficiency, indirect measurements for zone classifying of soil temperature are essential due to difficulties in direct methods of measuring it and...

Most In this research, the ability of HYDRUS2D and ANFIS models for simulating temporal variations of soil water content and soil water balance components under full irrigation and water deficit irrigation with two levels of 75 and 55 percentage in a maize field were compared to determine water stress duration in the growing season. To do so, soil...

Different deficit irrigation management scenarios as alternate furrow irrigation with regard to sensitive growth stages of corn were assessed in terms of the effects on yield and yield components. The research was performed as a randomized full block design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were comprised of: full furrow ir...

Fertigation offers ease and efficient application of fertilizers, in contrast with the traditional application methods. In fertigation, the volume amount of fertilizer applied is about e94 al to the actual amount of nutrient need and, uptake by the plant. Nutrient leaching can be controlled by adjusting the fertilizer application rate in each and e...

Achieving the self-sufficiency in producing agricultural crops and decreasing the pressure on the available water resources need determining the fertile places for cultivation based on the suitable evaluating indices. In this research, the prioritization of different township in Sistan and Blouchestan Province for onion cultivation, as one of the m...

Intermittent irrigation is a method to increase water productivity of rice cropping (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, the effects of this type of irrigation combined with two periods of mid- season drainage on growth parameters of two rice cultivars was investigated in subsurface drained paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resour...

There are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. A field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Northern Iran (36.3°N, 53.04°E), to determine the effect of subsurface...

The partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) is a novel improvement of deficit irrigation which has been tested for field crops and fruit trees in the last decade. This paper, evaluates effect of partial root zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI) strategies on quality of the drip-irrigated maize yield under field condition. This study was...

This study was carried out as a complete block design with three treatments including, full irrigation, partial root-zone drying in two levels at 75% and 55% of full irrigation to evaluate three Geostatistical methods including Kriging, CoKriging and Weighting Moving Average for interpolating the values of soil electrical conductivity, as the best...

Plant performance and freshness is related to the pattern of its root growth development which is highly affected by the water amount and water use management. Therefore, the spatiotemporal variation of maize root under five treatments included full irrigation treatment (FI), Partial root-zone drying treatments in two levels (receiving 75% of ET (P...