Farqad Hamdan

• Professor MSc PhD
• Professor at College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University

The goal of this study is to compare the brain connectivity patterns of autistic patients with those of children who are developing normally and analyzing quantitative electroencephalography in children with autism. The study included 50 children who were developing normally and 60 preschoolers who met the DSM-V criteria for autism spectrum disorde...

Background There is increasing evidence that prolonged or recurrent seizures can cause or exacerbate cognitive impairment (CI) in memory, attention, orientation, and visuospatial and abstraction disabilities, all of which can jeopardize educational progress and achievement throughout life. The objectives of our study are to assess the cognitive fun...

Introduction and Aim: The miR-146a is a short non-coding RNA molecule that has both therapeutic and biomarker potential. Abnormal miR-146a expression has been linked to several disorders. The target of the study is to investigate the possible link between miRNA-146a expression and the deterioration of cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients. Mat...

Introduction and Aim: In developed countries, carotid artery stenosis (CAS) has a considerable impact on mortality and disability rates. Genetic risk factors for CAS have also been linked, in addition to environmental risk factors. This study sought to determine whether there may be a link between three polymorphisms in the LPL gene and the emergen...

Despite the well-acknowledged link between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and epilepsy, the prevalence and significance of electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in epileptic children in the absence of clinical seizures remains underdetermined. Aim. The primary goal of this study is to report the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in non-epileptic or pr...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is the most frequent cause of neurodegenerative dementia. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with this disorder often have overlapping characteristics, potentially resulting in delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. This study aimed to assess the level of peripheral blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) a...

Nicotine dependence (ND) and visceral adiposity are emerging as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including carotid artery stenosis (CAS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between ND and the contribution of abdominal fat to the onset of CAS, which is indicated by a luminal narrowing of at least 60% as determined by...

Introduction: Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is a disorder of the sensory-motor control, leading to upper motor neuron lesions manifesting either as intermittent or sustained involuntary activation of muscles. Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) is mostly utilized in a variety of therapeutic indications, and it is effective and safe in the management of...

Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive spinal cord damage that has resulted in significant clinical morbidity. The clinical evaluation of signs and symptoms, as well as neuroimaging and several neurophysiological tests, are used to make the diagnosis. Objectives To investigate changes i...

urodynamic study

Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy (PwE). They are generally more prominent when they originate from the temporal lobe. We aim to investigate the alterations of autonomic functions during the interictal period in patient with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epile...

Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Different hypotheses have emerged about its pathogenesis, but central sensitization, which plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain, is considered to be the main mechanism. We aim to compare patients with fibromyal...

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) manifests as an urge to move the body to relieve the discomfortable sensations, primarily when resting, sitting, laying down, or sleeping. Diagnosis of RLS relies on clinical criteria, and the immobilization test was the only instrumental tool with equivocal results. Objectives To assess different electrophy...

Background About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI) throughout their life. We aim to study the influence of MS on cognitive changes. This is a case–control study of fifty patients with MS who met the revised 2017 Mc Donald Criteria and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The Expanded Disabilit...

Introduction Motor neuron loss is the primary pathologic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An estimate of the number of surviving motor units (MUs) represents a direct measure of the disease state in ALS. The objective of the study is to compare MU number estimation (MUNE) using the multipoint stimulation method (MPS) and compound mus...

Background: The full understanding of pathophysiology of migraine has to be studied thoroughly. The findings that migraine is an endothelial disorder are fairly consistent. In this context, the enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) , it's a potent vasoconstrictor and have major role in pathogenes...

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle to evaluate the damage that occurs in MS. Objectives The study aims to investigate w...

Background: The underlying pathology of the vast majority of diabetic polyneuropathies is axonal degeneration. F wave study is one of the most sensitive indices of the severity of neuropathy. Objective: To test the validity of different F wave parameters including F minimum latency, F wave index and F Jitter in the diagnosis of diabetic axonal peri...

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in polycythemia vera (PV) as it triggers in vivo activation of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, which are all of major importance during thrombus formation. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the pathophysiology behind...

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progressive or relapsing motor or sensory symptoms, with variants differing in the relative distribution of these symptoms and electrophysiologic findings. We aimed to correlate the electrodiagnostic patterns of demyelination using Hughes Functional Grading Sca...

Introduction Many studies focused on studying the motor system in multiple levels including the motor cortex. Among them, many have concentrated on studying motor evoked potentials (MEPs) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). MEPs are susceptible to many sources of variability, including subject physical characteristics. Facilitation of th...

Accepted Abstract

Objectives: In this study, we aimed at evaluation of electrophysiological and histopathalogical characteristics of statin-induced muscle injury as well as clinical features of patients who develop this condition in terms of frequency and pattern of evolution. Materials and methods: Forty patients (age 39-74 years) including 25 subjects with type...

Urodynamics provides objective pathophysiological explanations for symptoms and/or dysfunction of the lower urinary tracts. It reproduces patient symptoms during the performance of the study and assist clinicians in determining the precise cause, aid in the diagnostic process and follow up of patients with urinary incontinence

Central obesity and hyperinsulinaemia of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with chronic sympathetic over activity. To evaluate the autonomic functions and to indicate the superiority, if any, for those functions in the diagnosis of sympathetic over activity in PCOS women. Sixty-four PCOS patients and 40 women served as the control gro...

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain etiology with strong genetic background. Insulin resistance is present in the majority of PCOS cases with linkage and association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of insulin receptor (INSR) gene and PCOS. Objective: To examine whether the exon...

Kisspeptin-10 may participate in implantation of the embryo, placenta formation, and maintenance of pregnancy. Objectives: to determine plasma KP-10 level in pregnant patients with preeclampsia during the second and third trimesters and to correlate its level with the degree of severity, blood pressure and proteinuria. Methods: one hundred pregnant...

Human fertility had been found to decline over time [1]. Moreover, it was noticed that there is a worldwide decline in male semen quality. We can conclude that even with lower lead concentration and not only with the higher BLL, significant reduction was noticed in epididymal sperms concentration, motility, morphology and vitality. Detecting sperm...

Objective: To measure the muscle fiber conduction velocity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Methods: The muscle fiber conduction velocity of the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior was measured with the needle electrode. Eighteen controls and 32 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients were studied. Clinical neurological examination, serum cre...

Background: Sciatic nerve lesions

Background: The motor innervation of the thumb muscles though important for the hand surgeon, yet it is still a subject of debate since median and ulnar nerves play variable roles. Objectives: To describe the innervation of the short muscles of the thumb and the possible presence of a 1 st palmar interosseous muscle. To correlate the variations of...

Background: Nerve conduction studies as part of the peripheral neurophysiologic examination are an extension of the clinical history and examination. They can be extremely useful both in localizing lesions and determining the pathological processes. Objective: To establish the normal electrophysiological data for the facial nerve and commonly teste...

Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials have been studied in 103 diabetic patients of both types (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 31) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 72) and 173 normal healthy volunteers. The study revealed a significant prolongeation of the P100 component latency and a significant reduction in the N75-P...

Background: Literature concerning peripheral nervous system involvement in rheumatoid arthritis is so numerous; yet, studies in Iraq with this subject are scarce with poor evaluation of the clinical neurological and electrophysiological parameters. Subjects and Methods: We studied 35 patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis. They underwent clinical...

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder commonly encountered in the clinical practice by many physicians with different specialties. Its diagnosis is dependent upon clinical signs and symptoms confirmed by nerve conduction study and EMG examination. Still many physicians make the decision of treatment depending only on clinical criteria....

The F-wave latencies of the peroneal and ulnar nerves in function of leg and arm lengths respectively was determined in 33 normal subjects and 49 diabetic patients. The latencies were measured by stimulating the nerves at the ankle and wrist and the recording of the F-wave at the muscles extensor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi using a...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease that reduces the expiratory flow, thus resulting in hypoxemia in variable severity. Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of these changes and association to diabetes duration and its complication. Methods: Twenty-one chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and 43 age-matched contro...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) aetiology is multifactorial, including endocrine, neurological, vascular, systemic disease, local penile disorders, nutrition, psychogenic factors, and drug-related. This study was performed to compare the relevant comprehensive biochemical parameters as well as the clinical characteristics in diabetic ED and healthy contr...

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary disease in which the diagnosis is dependent upon the recognition of clinical symptoms, in addition, to different changes encountered on clinical electromyography (EMG). The EMG changes in DMD have commonly been attributed to the loss of muscle fibers within the motor unit. Subjects & Met...

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of the entrapment neuropathies encountered in the clinical practice and many patients come to the physician seeking the advice for treatment. Little about this common syndrome is written in our country and no such huge data reported till now. Subjects & Methods: The study included 980 CTS...

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common, yet complex, endocrine disorder with features of anovulation, amenorrhea, ovulation-related infertility, polycystic ovaries, and obesity. Number of metabolic aberrations is now well recognized as a growing public health problem in PCOS as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemi...

Background: F‑waves are late responses often incorporated during performance of nerve conduction studies and have become an integral part of the electrodiagnostic examination. Objective: To study uncommonly measured F‑wave parameters and to establish normative data in our country. Materials and Methods: The study included 126 healthy individuals ag...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia with various complications including diabetic hand syndrome (DHS); a condition characterized by association of distinct entities; limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren's disease (DD), flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) resulting in significant morb...

Despite worldwide anti-smoking campaigns, cigarette smoking prevalence is increasing in the third-world countries. It is now regarded as the most important public health issue. Here, we study the current smoking situation and investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on semen quality and hormonal levels among adult people. Furthermore, we suggest...

To evaluate the role of different neurophysiological tests in the differential diagnosis of diabetic axonal neuropathy (DAN) and lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR). This study was conducted at Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2006 to February 2007. Twenty-seven healthy subjects, 44 type 2 diabetics, and 36 LSR patients were stu...

To study the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and related muscles using CT scan and neurophysiologic tests. Forty-two RA patients referred from the Maxillofacial Clinic at the Special Surgeries Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq from February 2006 to September 2006 were included in this study. Thirty-seve...

Peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy is one of the most frequent side effects of vincristine (VCR) administration, which often limits its usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of neoplastic diseases. The purpose of this work is to study VCR neurotoxicity in experimental animals from clinical, electrophysiological, and histological points of vi...

Peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy is one of the most frequent side effects of vincristine (VCR) administration, which often limits its usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of neoplastic diseases. The purpose of this work is to study VCR neurotoxicity in experimental animals from clinical, electrophysiological, and histological points of vi...

To measure the muscle fiber conduction velocity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. The muscle fiber conduction velocity of the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior was measured with the needle electrode. Eighteen controls and 32 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients were studied. Clinical neurological examination, serum cretin kinase level est...

A comparative study of automatic electromyogram analysis (power spectral analysis) and manual measurements of the individual motor units potentials parameters in normal and Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients was performed to assess the diagnostic yield of both methods. The analysis of 20 motor unit potentials elicited at weak effort manually by v...