Fangming Jiang

Chinese Academy of Sciences | CAS · Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the lead as the most used power source for electric vehicles and grid storage systems, and a battery thermal management system (BTMS) can ensure the efficient and safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. Epoxy resin board (ERB) offers a wide range of applications in LIBs due to its significant advantages such as hi...

Fault diagnosis is one of the most important active strategies to protect lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from safety accidents. The tasks of fault diagnosis usually can be divided into three levels, i.e., (1) fault detection, (2) fault isolation, and (3) fault estimation. The local outlier factor (LOF) method has been proved effective in conducting f...

The current limitations of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells (AC-PEMFCs) in water and heat management remain a major obstacle to their commercialization. A 90 cm2 full-size AC-PEMFC multi-physical field-coupled numerical model was constructed; isothermal and non-isothermal calculations were performed to explore the effects of univariat...

Addressing the demand for versatile catalysts in regenerative fuel cells, this research delves into the stability and active degradation mechanism of a synthesized Pd/CNT catalyst during ethanol oxidation, employing an in situ Raman method. This innovative methodology unveils profound insights into the variations in the catalyst's behavior under di...

At medium-deep and deep parts of the Earth's crust lay vast and so far mostly untapped reserves of geothermal energy. This energy source has the potential to meet humanity's needs for energy for thousands of years. However, the large-scale deployment has been hindered by a lack of effective and dependable exploitation technologies. Gravity heat pip...

Using super-long gravity heat pipes (SLGHPs) to exploit deep-earth geothermal energy has indicated its technical superiority and viability; yet there is no practical application so far. The present work reports an SLGHP geother-mal space heating system constructed in Taiyuan, China, which has two SLGHPs (2020 m and 2180 m long, respectively) in com...

Regenerative fuel cells and the phenomenon of cell reversal (CR) necessitate creating robust catalyst layers for consistent performance in fuel cells. This research used in situ Raman spectroscopy to observe molecular alterations on carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/CNT) during ethanol oxidation. Following a CR event simulation, the...

pipe Heat transfer enhancement in reservoir Heat convection Wellbore-connected aquifers Downhole heat exchanger A B S T R A C T The super-long gravity heat pipe (SLGHP) is a novel down-hole heat exchanger (DHE), which is in fast-developing and extremely suitable for deep-earth geothermal energy exploitation. The SLGHP itself has very high heat tran...

In the burgeoning new energy automobile industry, repurpos-ing retired power batteries stands out as a sustainable solution to environmental and energy challenges. This paper comprehensively examines crucial technologies involved in optimizing the reuse of batteries, spanning from disassembly techniques to safety management systems. The review asse...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power sources for electric vehicles due to their various advantages, including high energy density and low self-discharge rate. However, the safety challenges associated with LIB thermal runaway (TR) still need to be addressed. In the present study, the effects of the battery SOC value and coolant flo...

As electric vehicles (EVs) are gradually becoming the mainstream in the transportation sector, the number of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) retired from EVs grows continuously. Repurposing retired EV LIBs into energy storage systems (ESS) for electricity grid is an effective way to utilize them. However, the potential safety hazard of retired EV LIBs...

The ultra-long gravity heat pipe has a long heat transfer distance and narrow working fluid flow channel within its tube. Due to these unique design features, the vapor–liquid counter-flow and heat transfer characteristics of these heat pipes are more complex than those found in conventional-size heat pipes. This paper innovatively proposes the des...

Thermal management of fuel cell vehicles is posing a constant challenge due to the growing installed power of the fuel cell stack and consequent heat-overloaded situations of the radiator. Based on the “time-dependent” idea that considers the fluctuated heat generation and the intermittent heat peak during the journey, a novel thermal management sy...

As a portable power source, air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the advantages of high energy density, low weight, and zero-emission. However, direct supply of ambient air by fan may cause high local temperature and membrane electrode dehydration, resulting in unstable performance and durability issues. In this study, the a...

Lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to reach end-of-life (EoL) after 10–15 years of operation. Consequently, it is urgent to devise repurposing strategies, which may range from recycling to a 2nd life in stationary energy storage applications. In this paper, aiming the 2nd life repurposing of the batteries, the state...

The upper limit performance (COP max) of practical refrigerators is analyzed based on finite-time thermodynamics models, and the objective function of maximum cooling load with specified power input is chosen for optimization. Both the optimization results based on the endoreversible and low-dissipation models are extensively investigated for compa...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been recognized as a promising power generation source for a wide range of automotive, stationary, and portable electronic applications. However, the durability of PEMFCs remains as one of the key barriers to their wide commercialization. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as a central part of a...

Recently, it was reported a novel method of deep geothermal energy exploitation by using the super-long gravity heat pipe (SLGHP) in a single-well geothermal system. However, the low heat transfer rate from the geothermal formation outside the heat pipe is one main factor limiting the heat extraction rate of the SLGHP system. In this respect, the c...

Understanding the fluid flow and heat transfer process in the well-fracture-reservoir combined system is crucial for the development of Enhanced or Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS). In this paper, a well-fracture-reservoir integrated numerical model is developed to study the heat extraction performance considering the interactions among the well...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance is mainly limited by the oxygen transport to the cathode catalyst layer. Using gas flow channel blockages can effectively enhance oxygen transport. Previous research efforts demonstrated the beneficial effect of blockages on the performance of PEMFC. However, to date, the impact of flow channel...

Scaling in a hydrothermal type of geothermal well reduces or interrupts the production of geothermal energy. Calcite is one of the most common scales in geothermal wells. The reason for its formation in geothermal production wells is clear. The flowing up of geothermal water causes a change in the pressure and temperature, which results in the esca...

This paper discusses an improved thermal management system to ameliorate the performance of lithium-ion battery storage systems for electric vehicles (EVs) applications. A compact and lightweight cold plate is designed and fabricated to fit 18650-type lithium-ion batteries, using aluminum-finned copper tubes. A dynamic temperature PID (proportional...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), when faulty or operating under abnormal conditions, can cause fire accidents, consequently, the enhancement of LIBs safety is a key priority for their large-scale application. This goal can be achieved by fault diagnosis, which aims detecting the abuse conditions and diagnosing the faulty batteries at the early stage t...

The novel technical scheme of extracting the deep-earth hot dry rock heat by a super-long gravity heat pipe (SLGHP) system in a single-well has aroused widespread interest in the geothermal energy research and engineering community. Due to the unique characteristic of the SLGHP, i.e. the extremely large length-to-diameter ratio, the effect of worki...

Application of a recently developed functionally graded porous material (FGPM) model to foam-based flow-distributor (FFD) in PEM fuel cells (FCs) is performed here. The volumetric power density (VPD) of the cell is compared with that of a conventional ribbed/channel parallel-serpentine one with 4-parallel channels (in short, 4-PS). Significant enha...

ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Battery thermal behavior Battery thermal management Lithium-ion battery Phase change material Heat pipe ABSTRACT A three-dimensional numerical model is developed and validated against experimental data for a cylindrical lithium-ion battery module with a compact hybrid cooling system of phase change material (PCM) and heat pip...

Recent theoretical studies dealing with the novel scheme for earth-deep hot dry rock geothermal energy extraction based on the use of a super-long heat pipe indicate its superior technical viability. The present work reports on a field test using a 3000-metre heat pipe to extract hot dry rock geothermal energy conducted with the aim of demonstratin...

Extracting hot dry rock energy by super-long gravity heat pipe in a single-well is a novel technical scheme proposed recently. The potential superiority of this scheme is related to its environmental friendliness, economic and technologic feasibility, but the key parameters affecting its performance are not well understood. To this purpose, a detai...

Thermal runaway (TR) of an lithium-ion battery pack is investigated under laboratory conditions. The experimental battery pack consists of 10 18,650-type lithium-ion batteries connected in parallel and with a serpentine channel liquid-cooling thermal management system (TMS). The effect of the applied liquid-cooling TMS with different coolant flow r...

This study presents a novel fuel cell flow field with 3π/2 radian Dean flow channels and its impacts on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. With a multi-disciplinary numerical model, flow characteristics, concentration distribution, and current density contour in the fuel cell are compared between straight and Dean flow channel c...

It is important for the safety and good performance of a Li-ion battery module/pack to have an efficient thermal management system. In this paper, a battery thermal management system with a two-phase refrigerant circulated by a pump was developed. A battery module consisting of 240 18650-type Li-ion batteries was fabricated based on a finned-tube h...

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) becomes the dominant candidate for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs); nevertheless, as its popularization, the number of safety (fire) accidents regarding with LIB thermal runaway increases, undermining the public confidence. Safety turns into one of the main concerns in the widespread usage of LIBs...

Enhancing volumetric power density (VPD), for fuel cell vehicles or combined heat and power systems, has always been a determined desired goal. To give an idea, the present VPD = 5.5 kW L⁻¹ for 2020 Toyota-MIRAI, is targeted to 9.0 kW L⁻¹ by 2040 by Japan. The present research proposes that the conventional GDL + ribbed/channel setup, e.g. in paral...

The installation and operation of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) involves many challenges. These challenges include the high cost and high risk associated with the investment capital, potential large working-fluid leakage, corrosion of equipment, and subsiding land. A super-long heat pipe can be used for geothermal exploitation to avoid these pr...

Flow field configuration of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is crucial to its performance enhancement because it determines the distribution of reactants and reaction products. This paper numerically investigates a zigzag flow field with a contrary anode/cathode arrangement (ZFFCA). First, a three-dimensional numerical model is develop...

Thermal management is of upmost importance for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. To this purpose it is required to develop reliable thermal models to assess the behavior of the battery under different operating and ambient conditions. In this work, it is proposed a three-dimensional thermal model of the...

Transition into the electrified transportation sector is being investigated among the feasible technological resolutions to tackle the mounting climate change issues. Such a transition also comes with the prospect of smart vehicles and shared transportation schemes. An electric vehicle relies solely on stored electric energy to propel the vehicle a...

Detection and diagnosis of faults at the early stage, as well as inconsistency monitoring and control are of extreme importance for operating Li-ion batteries (LIBs) safely and reliably, handling performance degradation and cell unbalancing, and avoiding accidents like thermal runaway (TR). In this work, a general procedure based on multi-level Sha...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Electric vehicle Refrigerant-based thermal management system Lithium-ion battery thermal management Cabin comfort System simulation A B S T R A C T A refrigerant-based thermal management system (TMS) for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed and analyzed, aiming to tackle the conflict between the cabin thermal comfort...

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack has two endplate assemblies (EAs) to stabilize the multilayered structure and distribute the preload evenly on each cell. Thermal inertia of and heat loss through the EA are crucial factors for developing novel thermal and water management strategies for PEMFC stacks. Herein, a 3D multidisciplinary...

Water transport is of paramount importance to the cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Analysis of water transport in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) during cold start reveals the distinct characteristics from the normal temperature operation. This work studies the effect of CCL mesoscopic poremorphology on PEMFC cold start. The...

The exploitation of deep geothermal energy has created a great demand for super-long distance heat transportation technology. As one of the most highly-efficient heat transfer devices, the super-long gravity-assisted heat pipe is promising to achieve this heat transportation. The performance of the super-long heat pipe is related to the multiphase...

An automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) engine needs to be capable of surviving from sub-freezing temperatures. Cold starting up a PEMFC engine presents great technical challenge due mainly to the intra-electrode ice formation that is closely related to the involved multi-physical trans- port. The flow field configuration to some e...

Nowadays, lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology provides one of the most important approaches for large-scale electricity storage. In this work, an electrical-thermal-fluidic coupled model is proposed for practical LIB-based energy storage systems (ESSs). The coupled model is established based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) which describes el...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Battery energy storage system Lithium-ion battery Thermofluidic model Thermal behaviors Temperature monitoring A B S T R A C T The battery energy storage system (BESS) is widely used in the power grid and renewable energy generation. With respect to a lithium-ion battery module of a practical BESS with the air-coolin...

Efficient and effective thermal management of Li-ion battery pack for electric vehicle application is vital for the safety and extended-life of this energy storage system. In this paper, the thermal management system of a battery module is presented as an integral part of the electric vehicle air conditioning system. The refrigerant is bifurcated f...

Lithium-ion batteries generally require adequate thermal management to achieve optimal performance and avoid thermal runaway. Compactness and light-weight are of critical importance to the lithium-ion power battery system. A novel compact cooling system for thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion battery packs is proposed, which is a hybrid o...

Thermal management of large‐scale Li‐ion battery packs is of great significance to their safety and life cycle, which would impact their applicability in electric vehicles. Of the many strategies developed for this purpose, indirect liquid cooling has already demonstrated quite high potentials in thermal regulation of such battery systems. In this...

The failure at equally distributing reactants among different channels within the stack leads to uneven reaction and gas concentration distribution in the catalyst layers, which consequently impacts the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks (PEMFCs). A three-dimensional, transient, non-isothermal cold start model f...

The negative environmental impacts of internal combustion engines have changed the interest of scientists towards fuel cell engines. Using Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell operating under higher temperature solves some of the well-known low temperature problems. In this study, a numerical simulation has been carried out using a three-dimens...

The optimum coefficient of performance (COP) of the finite-time refrigerators based on the maximization of the cooling load at a specified power input is investigated. The Lagrange function for variational calculus is then established to mathematically handle the optimization process. The optimized COP is found to be dependent on the temperature an...

Thermal and flow performance was evaluated experimentally for different geometric shapes of a harmonica tube with or without mini-fins heat sink. Four different arrangements for the harmonica tube with smooth channels and channels with mini-fins were investigated under laminar forced convection with water as the cooling fluid. The pressure drop, fr...

Nafion, the state-of-the-art-of proton exchange membrane in fuel cell, is a copolymer with a randomly tethered side-chain terminated by a pendant sulfonic acid groups adjacent to the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backbone. The PTFE backbone is hydrophobic and insulative, whereas the sulfonic acid groups are hydrophilic and proton-conductive. As a...

The distribution of ion conductive channels on the Nafion membrane surface, which determines the formation of the three-phase boundary, plays a very important role in improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Therefore, understanding the microstructures at the catalyst layer/membrane interfaces of PEMs is essential....

The optimum coefficient of performance (COP) of finite-time refrigerators operating with Rankine cycles for different refrigerants (R410A, R134a, R22 and R32) are investigated. The maximum COP is found to be dependent on the thermal reservoir temperatures and the mass flow weighted total heat conductance as well as the refrigerant properties. The o...

It has been well recognized that cold start is one of the key issues of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) used as the engine of vehicles. Coolant circulation is usually launched synchronously with the fuel cell during cold start to avoid sudden large temperature variation, which greatly increases the cell thermal mass, lowers the heating r...

Understanding the cold start process of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is crucial to the development of an advanced PEFC of good cold start performance or to the design of advanced cold start strategies. In this study, a three‐dimensional cold start model has been adapted and further developed to numerically investigate the cold start behavio...

A numerical study with the aim of upgrading thermal performances of battery pack of electric vehicles is conducted for a full-size-scale battery pack with 22 modules (totally 5664 18650-type lithium-ion batteries contained) cooled by a channeled liquid flow. The heat generation of the battery is modeled based on experimental measurements. Experimen...

In this work it is conducted an experimental study to evaluate the thermal performance of a new design flat plate heat pipe (FPHP), which can be applied to cooling of electronic equipment or devices. The FPHP uses a 500 PPI (pores per inch) screen mesh as the capillary wick and some micro-channels are located on the condensation surface and the sur...

Underground non-Darcy fluid flow has been observed and investigated for decades in the petroleum industry. It is deduced by analogy that the fluid flow in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) heat reservoirs may also be in the non-Darcy regime under some conditions. In this paper, a transient 3D model was presented, taking into consideration the non-Da...

Large amount of heat generated during an external short circuit (ESC) process may cause battery safety events. An experimental platform is established to explore the battery electrothermal characteristics during ESC faults. For 18650-type nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) batteries, ESC fault tests of different initial state of charge (SOC) values, diff...

In this work we conduct a numerical study with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of cooling channels to reduce thermal non-uniformity in lithium-ion battery packs of electric vehicles. Particular approaches toward zero or near-zero thermal non-uniformity in lithium-ion battery packs are proposed and their performance and viability are evaluate...

In article no. 1800073, Jianhua Zhou, Lei Miao, and co‐workers prepare ink‐stained paper via a two‐step ultrasonic treatment, which acts as an excellent solar power absorber for solar steam generation. A photothermal conversion efficiency of 85.8% is achieved in the mimetic tree system under one‐sun illumination for the ink‐stained paper, which can...

In this work is proposed a novel system for mining hot dry rock geothermal energy, in which a reservoir is combined with a downhole heat exchanger. The system encompasses a closed-cycle downhole heat exchanger with a heat pipe in its interior is placed in a vertical well to extract hot dry rock geothermal energy, while an artificial reservoir is bu...

It is investigated a lithium-ion battery thermal management (BTM) system using the electric vehicle (EV) air conditioning refrigerant to cool the battery pack directly. In the system, basic finned-tube heat exchanger structure and a special aluminum frame are adopted to design the battery pack thermal management module with lithium-ion batteries of...

This paper presents an experimental system of isopropanol-acetone-hydrogen chemical heat pump (IAH CHP) for the recovery of low-grade (

Currently, direct solar steam generator based on suspending plasmonic solar absorber and floating porous photothermal convertors still suffered from high optical concentrations, poor productivity rates, high expenses and complicated fabrication processes. Here we designed a mimetic transpiration system imitating the water transport and transpiratio...

High‐performance, flexible and non‐toxic ink‐stained paper is successfully prepared by a two‐step ultrasonic process. Owing to the superior features of light absorption, wettability and heat management via our homemade mimetic tree system, the prepared ink‐stained paper‐black with an average pore size of 2 µm (ISP2‐Black) shows outstanding steam ge...

The fracture characteristics of a heat reservoir are of critical importance to enhanced geothermal systems, which can be investigated by theoretical modeling. This paper presents the development of a novel flow-resistor network model to describe the hydraulic processes in heat reservoirs. The fractures in the reservoir are simplified by using flow...

Cathode materials have been the focal point of research in the quest for high-performance secondary battery technology in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The present work investigates the effect of the microstructural morphology of major cathode materials (LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiFePO4) on the performance of the Li-ion battery related to...

Available online xxx Keywords: PEM fuel cells Stresses Mechanical damage Durability Vibration a b s t r a c t The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a promising substitute for combustion engines owing to its low level of output pollutants and high efficiency. Great efforts have been done toward the commercialization of PEM fuel cell. A num...

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery Thermal behavior Very high Crate operation Thermal runaway Battery thermal management system a b s t r a c t Lithium-ion batteries are easily overheated during discharge/charge operations with large current output/input. Traditional battery tests are difficult to pinpoint the internal thermal mechanism for an overheate...

Design of finned-tube heat exchangers or coils, and in particular their refrigerant circuits, depends primarily on experimental data and the associated development cost is in general rather high. Taking into consideration the high number of possible refrigerant circuits, the input of each circuit into a particular design computational tool would be...

With respect to channeled liquid cooling thermal management system of electric vehicle battery pack, a thermal model is established for a battery module consisting of 71 18650-type lithium-ion batteries. In this model, thermal-lumped treatment is implemented for each single battery in the module and heat generation of a single battery is determined...

Carbon graphite has received much attention over the last decades as the best candidate for negative Li-ion battery electrodes due to its thermal stability and optimal cycling capability. This paper aims to give a comprehensive account of the effect of microstructure morphology such as porosity, tortuosity, solid-electrolyte interface area and acti...