Fakher Rahim

• PhD in Medical Biotechnology
• Assisstant Professor at Alnoor university, Mousel, Iraq

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of combined weight loss diet and cranberry supplementation on anthropometric measurements, inflammation and antioxidant biomarkers in patients with NAFLD. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, and contro...

Vaping has emerged as a popular alternative to traditional smoking. It produces smokeless vapour by heating an e-liquid mixture in an atomizer. This paper delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding electronic cigarettes, exploring the gap between the perceived safety of e-liquids and the emerging evidence of their harmful effects when i...

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is causing a significant change in the healthcare industry. This state-of-the-art technology is transforming the processing, analysis, and utilisation of healthcare data by improving patient care and clinical decision-making. This article aims to analyse the current and prospective uses of natural language processi...

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is essential to providing multimedia services over IP networks. However, maintaining its scalability in the face of increasing demand and changing next-generation networks is still a significant concern. In light of growing loads and service diversity, scalable solutions are required, as this article explores the s...

Traditional residential security systems frequently lack remote access and real-time reaction capabilities, necessitating home automation security technology developments. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), solutions such as the Smart Door are prepared to transcend these constraints by leveraging modern communication technology. The art...

Objective: This research aims to update knowledge on the regional and national sickness burden attributable to cystic echinococcosis (CE) from 1990 to 2019, as well as epidemiology and disease control, with a particular emphasis on the People's Central Asian Regions. Methods: We calculated the morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life y...

Exosomes, a small bilayer membrane derived from eukaryotic cells, have been identified as a useful natural delivery platform due to their suitable size, biocompatibility, structural stability, high loading capacity, and editable surface capability. Due to the difficulty of maintaining the highly pure exosome, several attempts have conducted the tec...

Background and Aims — Exosomes, which are tiny double-layered membranes originating from eukaryotic cells, have been recognized as a valuable natural vehicle for delivering substances because of their optimal size, compatibility with living organisms, strong structure, ability to carry a large amount of cargo, and capacity to be modified on their s...

Zygotic Genome Activation (ZGA) is a crucial developmental milestone in early embryogenesis, marking the transition from maternal to embryonic control of development. This process, which varies in timing across species, involves the activation of the embryonic genome, paving the way for subsequent cell differentiation and organismal development. Re...

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been identified as a potential therapeutic intervention for ASD due to its involvement in social bonding and affiliative behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intranasal administration of OXT in preclinical and clinical investigations related to ASD. The random-effects meta-...

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have superior properties such as high conductivity, good mechanical strength, high specific surface area, and chemical stability. CNFs-graphene hybrid material can be used as a high-quality electrode in electronics applications. In the CNFs on graphene synthesis, the growth parameters must be well controlled. This work obse...

Background: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or markers of kidney damage persisting for more than 3 months. In Iran, the age-adjusted prevalence of CKD is 14.9%, based on the published literature. It has emerged as a significant health concern associated with morbidity, mortality, and a dimin...

Background and objective The potential impact of gut health on general physical and mental well-being, particularly in relation to brain function, has led to a growing interest in the potential health advantages of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics for the management of ASD. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted in...

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel di...

Background and Aim: The increasing trend of hearing loss is an important public health concern that needs coordinated and well-designed measures at the regional, global, and local levels. We determined the audiological profile of a province in Iran with unique socioeconomic, ethnic, and geographical characteristics and investigated the risk factors...

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel d...

Aim Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) research from 1990 to 2019, this study intends to examine the prevalence of mental health problems related to COVID-19 in the Central Asia. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the primary study topics. Materials and Methods The prevalence of different mental heal...

This aimed to validate 21 Oncotype DX gene in a retrospective trial involving women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)–negative, axillary node-negative breast cancer with tumors measuring 1.1 to 5.0 cm in their largest dimension. The ROC curve for each gene, showed the sensitivity of BAG1 and KI67 r...

Background Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Metho...

Background Acne or acne vulgaris is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous follicles. Objectives The present study aims to identify the main lines of research in the field of acne treatment using reproducible scientometric methods. In this article, we reviewed the following research trends: facial acne, different antibiotics...

This article provides a thorough and methodical evaluation of the Human Cystic Echinococcosis (HCE) burden in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) area from 1990 to 2019, with a particular focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). HCE is prevalent in many places, including MENA, and has a severe public health effect as a zoonotic disease. By anal...

Background Osteoporosis is a significant health problem in the skeletal system, associated with bone tissue changes and its strength. Machine Learning (ML), on the other hand, has been accompanied by improvements in recent years and has been in the spotlight. This study is designed to investigate the Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) of ML to detect o...

Background: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies rema...

Background Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a paralimbic cortical structure with a fundamental role in integrative functions of the default mode network (DMN). PCC activation and deactivation of interconnected structures within the medial temporal lobe is essential in memory recall. Aim Assessing the metabolomics content changes in PCC of the p...

Background: Air pollution is the sixth highest risk factor for attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in North Africa and the Middle East, but the relative importance of different subtypes of air pollution and any potential differences in their health effects by population demographics or country-level socioeconomic factors have not b...

We report for the first time a novel process to fabricate superparamagnetic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite nanofiber films by electrospinning process suitable for enhanced oil sludge removal applications. Organic coating and inorganic capping of superparamagnetic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used to enhance the dispersibility of nano...

Background Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CR...

Background Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CR...

Summary Background Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burd...

A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as "machine learning" (ML) allows computer systems to learn from experience and advance without explicit programming. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a rapidly expanding scientific method for determining species' existence in the environment. It includes sequencing DNA from environmental samp...

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (coronavirus disease 2019; previously 2019‐nCoV), epicenter in Hubei Province (Wuhan), People’s Republic of China, has spread too many other countries. The transmission of the corona virus occurs when people are in the incubation stage and do not have any symptoms. Therefore, the role of envi...

Background Different expression of cytokine genes in the body determines the type of immune response (Th1 or Th2), which can play an important role in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 disease. Aims This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable effect of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy on the cytokine’s mRNA expression in the lung. M...

Background Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-res...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the nervous system that can significantly reduce the physical activity of patients at the end stages. As the field of disease pathophysiology has advanced in recent years, studies have looked at the role of neuromuscular junction's dysfunctionality in ALS. In the past...

Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026 Global Burden of Disease 2021 Health Financing Collaborator Network † Show footnotesOpen AccessPublished:January 24, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00007-4 Summary Background The COVID-19 pandemic h...

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) strongly predicts morbidity and premature mortality, especially for non-communicable diseases (NCD s ). However, the effect of these factors on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is not clear yet. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and MetS. Methods In this prospective...

Aim The aims of the research were to study the citation history of popular articles in the field of biomarkers in personalized medicine, to study the use of terms in the sections of articles, and to consider the key terminology of the most-cited articles and its visualization. Background The article describes approaches to the analysis of publicat...

Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustaina...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Cancer is categorized as one of the life-threatening disease in the world, which has recently been associated with a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence rate. Hence, the discovery of effective approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment for cancer has been prioritized by oncology researchers. In recent decad...

Background Various studies have shown that about 40–50% of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are undiagnosed at the time of referral and are often treated as depression. The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of psychometric properties of the bipolarity index (BI) in people with BD. Methods We systematically...

Background Immunocompromised individuals are expected to be more prone to severe diseases and, subsequently, death. Genetic disorders and polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune system, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA), inflammatory cytokines, and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, can be involved in the immune system's response...

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across S...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Background The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index...

Introduction Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study in 10...

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehens...

Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities in leukemia cells have strong prognostic values for different clinical subgroups, clinical features, and therapeutic outcomes. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia referred to Ahvaz Shafa Hospital during 2012-2017. The patients were diagnosed by a specia...

Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities in leukemia cells have strong prognostic values for different clinical subgroups, clinical features, and therapeutic outcomes. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia referred to Ahvaz Shafa Hospital during 2012-2017. The patients were diagnosed by a specia...

Background: Progression of contralateral hearing loss following otologic and neuro-otologic surgeries is a distressing and rare complication. The aim of this study was to systematically review the suspected etiologies and audiological findings in adults who experienced contralateral hearing loss. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ISI We...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increased dramatically over the past 25 years because of genetic and environmental factors. This systematic review (SR) aimed to determine the association between maternal exposure during pregnancy to environmental pesticides and other associations with the risk of ASD progression in children. PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus...

Introduction The long passing time for tooth movement (TM) is one of the challenges in orthodontic. complications such as gingival recession, root resorption, and caries are common in orthodontic. To address this, there is an increased tendency to find safe and effective methods to accelerating tooth movement. A surgical method such as micro-osteop...

Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods:...

Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territor...

Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and...

Background Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air p...

Summary Background Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries,...

Background and aim: The incidence of End-stage of kidney disease (ESRD) is increasing substantially. According to official reports in Iran, the annual rate of increase in the ESRD is 11%, and evidence shows that the number of patients in the next 5 years will double. The current study aims to assess the survival rate and its predictors in hemodialy...

Objectives Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerb...

Background and aimsThe replacement of teeth with osseointegrated implants is one of the significant advances in the field of restorative dentistry. The time interval between tooth extraction and the implant can be very short or long. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to collect and evaluate articles related to determining the effect of...

Background: Hearing loss is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world. The growing trend of this disease has made it a serious public health issue that requires well-designed and coordinated measures at the global, regional, and local levels. The current cohort study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of different types of hea...

Objective: The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the bipolarity index (BI) and Rapid Mode Screener (RMS) as compared with the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) in people with bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: We systematica...

Object: Arsenic as a chemical is found in rock, soil, air and used in various industries and their products, such as colors, hairs, and fertilizers. Humans may be exposed to arsenic mainly through food and drinking water. Due to its adverse health effects, its presence in drinking water has become a public health concern. Methods: In this system...

Background The early detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection to improve disease management becomes the greatest challenge. Despite the high sensitivity of RT-PCR, not only it was reported that 20–67% of infected patients had false-negative results. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used as a point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 de...

Due to economic, cultural, environmental, and social factors, the prevalence of maxillofacial bone disorders varies in different parts of the world. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of different type of stem cells-based scaffolds and their construction methods in maxillofacial bone disorders. We searched maj...

Background Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against emerging health threats, and reducing inequalities in Iran rely on a comprehensive national and subnational breakdown of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Methods In this systematic analysis, we present the national and subnational estim...

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease that is characterized by poor airflow and airway inflammation. It is estimated that the global prevalence of COPD is about 13.1%. Anemia is associated with increased morbidity and hospitalization duration. In this systematic review, we investigate the as...

Background & aims: Crigler-Najjar-Syndrome (CNS) is a disorder of bilirubin conjugation leading to brain damage and death without treatment. Although cohort studies of limited size have been published, uncertainty about outcome, co-morbidities, liver fibrosis and treatment remains. With this worldwide cohort study, we aim to add substantial knowle...

Objectives To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. Design Systematic analysis. Setting Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and terri...