Fabrizio D'Esposito

The Fred Hollows Foundation

Background : To gain an understanding of the intersection of risk factors between the most prevalent eye health conditions that are associated with vision impairment and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: A series of rapid reviews of reviews reporting on non-modifiable risk factors, age and sex, and modifiable risk factors, including social...

Background We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods Drawing on methods used in previou...

Background: To improve the control of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries, we trialed a community-based group program co-designed with local policy makers to fit within the framework of India's health system. Trained accredited social health activists (ASHAs), delivered the program, in three economically and developmentally diverse set...

Objective: To estimate prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment and assess cataract surgical coverage and quality of cataract surgery in Kabul. Methods and analysis: A total of 3751 adults aged 50 years and above were recruited from 77 randomly selected clusters. Each participant underwent presenting and pinhole visual acuity ass...

Background Vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy can largely be prevented or delayed through treatment. Patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy are typically offered laser or intravitreal injections which often require more than one treatment cycle. However, treatment is not always initiated, or it is not completed, resulting in poo...

Background Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ocular complication of diabetes and a cause of vision loss in adults. Diabetic retinopathy screening leading to early identification of the disease followed by timely treatment, can prevent vision loss in people living with diabetes. A key barrier to the implementation of screening services in low-...

Significance: Quality refractive error care is essential for reducing vision impairment. Quality indicators and standardized approaches for assessing the quality of refractive error care need to be established. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a set of indicators for assessing the quality of refractive error care and test their applicability...

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the evidence on the the question “Is vial-sharing of anti-VEGF for multiple patients safe in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macula oedema in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with using a new vial in each patient”?

This is a protocol for a rapid review of the evidence on effectiveness of interventions to increase the uptake of referral to eye health services - for people who require interventions for DR and/or diabetic macular oedema (DMO) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Background Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ocular complication of diabetes and a cause of vision loss in adults. Diabetic retinopathy screening leading to early identification of the disease, followed by timely treatment, can prevent vision loss in people living with diabetes. A key barrier to the implementation of screening services in low...

Background Vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy can largely be prevented or delayed through treatment. Patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy are typically offered laser or intravitreal injections which often require more than one treatment cycle. However, treatment is not always initiated, or it is not completed, resulting in poo...

Background Vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy can largely be prevented or delayed through treatment. Patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy are typically offered laser or intravitreal injections which often require more than one treatment cycle. However, treatment is not always initiated, or it is not completed, resulting in poo...

Background New methods are required to manage hypertension in resource-poor settings. We hypothesised that a community health worker (CHW)–led group-based education and monitoring intervention would improve control of blood pressure (BP). Methods and findings We conducted a baseline community-based survey followed by a cluster randomised controlle...

Background/aims To conduct an assessment of avoidable blindness, diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults aged 50 years and older in the National Capital District (NCD) region of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey was performed for which 25 clusters of 50 people aged ≥50 years were randomly s...

Background The major efficacy trials on diabetes prevention have used resource-intensive approaches to identify high-risk individuals and deliver lifestyle interventions. Such strategies are not feasible for wider implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-support lifestyle intervent...

Relative risk and intervention costs in diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention trials. (DOCX)

CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a CRT. CRT, cluster randomized trial. (DOCX)

Changes in health-related quality of life variables at 12 months by study group. (DOCX)

Scatter plot showing the relationship between relative risk and resource intensity of lifestyle intervention in diabetes prevention trials. (DOCX)

Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics at 12 months by study group. (DOCX)

Objectives and content of peer leader training sessions. (DOCX)

Comparison of objectives and content of the group sessions in the Finnish GOAL program and the Australian GGT Diabetes Prevention Project with those of the peer group sessions in the K-DPP. GGT, Greater Green Triangle; GOAL, Good Ageing in Lahti Region; K-DPP, Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program. (DOCX)

Changes in behavioral characteristics at 12 months by study group. (DOCX)

Objective To estimate the prevalence and main causes of blindness and vision impairment in people aged 50 years and older in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Design National cross-sectional population-based survey in National Capital District (NCD), Highlands, Coastal and Islands regions. Methods Adults aged 50 years and above were recruited from 100 rand...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is now one of the leading causes of disease-related deaths globally. India has the world's second largest number of individuals living with diabetes. Lifestyle change has been proven to be an effective means by which to reduce risk of T2DM and a number of "real world" diabetes prevention trials have been...

Introduction Hypertension is emerging in rural populations of India. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may differ regionally according to economic development. Our main objectives are to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 3 diverse regions of rural India; identify barriers to diagnosis and...

Aims: To describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Programme. Methods: The Kerala Diabetes Prevention Programme is a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention for prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Participants in the study were those aged 30-60 years who had an Indi...

Objectives: This article examines the link between stressful life events and illness by considering both onset and reoccurrence of chronic illnesses. Using longitudinal data, we estimate the extent to which life events increase the likelihood of depression or anxiety, type 2 diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, circulatory disease, asthma and...