Fabio Crameri

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Verified

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• PhD
• Science Communication Specialist at International Space Science Institute

The sinking remnant of a surface plate crosses and interacts with multiple boundaries in Earth's interior. Here, we specifically investigate the prominent dynamic interaction of the sinking plate portion with the upper-mantle transition zone and its corresponding surface elevation signal. We unravel, for the first time, that the collision of the si...

As the Earth's primary mode of planetary cooling, the oceanic plate is created at mid-ocean ridges, transported across the planet's surface, and destroyed at subduction zones. The evolution of its buoyancy and rheology during its lifespan maintains the coherence of the plate as a distinct geological entity and controls the localised deformation and...

A standard internet image search on a scientific topic is common practice, and offers a plethora of images. However, the suggested images provide neither a guarantee in the accuracy of the science content being portrayed, nor in their clarity or artistic elegance. Being curated by both scientists and artists, the online s-Ink collection (https://s-...

Subduction zones are pivotal for the recycling of Earth’s outer layer into its interior. However, the conditions under which new subduction zones initiate are enigmatic. Here, we constructed a transdisciplinary database featuring detailed analysis of more than a dozen documented subduction zone initiation events from the last hundred million years....

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects can be rigid in their teaching structure, creating barriers to education for students with more complex learning needs. As a result, there has been an increased need for compassionate pedagogy and adaptive education practices to provide multi-modal learning experiences—often referred...

Purpose To harmonize the use of color for MR relaxometry maps and therefore recommend the use of specific color‐maps for representing T1$$ {\mathrm{T}}_1 $$, T2$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2 $$, and T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ maps and their inverses. Methods Perceptually linearized color‐maps were chosen to have similar color settings as those proposed by...

A number of widely used colour palettes applied to display critical scientific results not only distort data but are also inaccessible to a proportion of the population. An issue with the rainbow palette (and variants such as “jet”) is that the gradients between the colours are not even. The impact of an uneven colour gradient is that certain colou...

The planetary boundary (PB) concept has captured attention across academia and the public alike. Its unique visual representation has been key to the development of the concept and its dissemination. In this commentary, we outline three areas of concern to facilitate further enhancement in the PB concept’s visualisation. First, the radial bar plot...

Presenting quantitative data using non‐standardized color maps potentially results in unrecognized misinterpretation of data. Clinically meaningful color maps should intuitively and inclusively represent data without misleading interpretation. Uniformity of the color gradient for color maps is critically important. Maximal color and lightness contr...

How do you make geoscience figures visible (and relevant) today? In the ongoing battle to make sense of mountains of data, and despite the availability of powerful visualisation tools, many scientists struggle to uphold basic science quality standards like accuracy, accessibility, and reproducibility. In this piece, we discuss the fundamental role...

In a scientific context, a suitable color choice is more than simple decoration. Color handling, as part of scientific visualization, is a scientific methodology that is one of the most widely used, given the importance of figures and images in conveying results. Yet, an expert‐level understanding and application of proper scientific coloring is ra...

Purpose: To harmonize the use of color for MR relaxometry maps and therefore recommend the use of specific color-maps for representing T1 and T2 maps. Methods: Perceptually linearized color-maps were chosen to have similar color settings as those proposed by Griswold et al. in 2018. A Delphi process, polling the opinion of a panel of 81 experts, wa...

Color is crucial in scientific visualization, yet it is often misused. Addressing this, we think accessible and accurate techniques, such as color-blind friendly palettes and perceptually even gradients, are vital. Accountability and basic knowledge in data visualization are key in fostering a culture of color integrity, ensuring accurate and inclu...

Using 2D numerical subduction models, we compare deep slab behaviour with oceanic and continental overriding plates and a mantle viscosity structure where the lower mantle viscosity jump occurs either at 660 km or at 1000 km depth as suggested by the latest geoid inversions. We demonstrate that a strong, thick, and buoyant continental plate, combin...

Scientific colour maps 8.0 (available from www.fabiocrameri.ch/colourmaps) are perceptually uniform, perceptually ordered, colour-blind friendly, readable as B&W print, and highly compatible with current software tools, and versioned & citable. Version 8.0 introduces new colour maps (#glasgow, #lipari, #navia & #managua) and improvements to exist...

Geodynamic modelling provides a powerful tool to investigate processes in the Earth's crust, mantle, and core that are not directly observable. However, numerical models are inherently subject to the assumptions and simplifications on which they are based. In order to use and review numerical modelling studies appropriately, one needs to be aware o...

Color is a central element to scientific communication, but its use comes with the responsibility to ensure universally accessible and accurate data presentation. This short Viewpoint Article aims to sensitize the chemical community to the importance of mindful color choices in scientific illustrations.

Farbe ist ein zentrales Element in der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation, jedoch bringt ihre Verwendung die Verantwortung mit sich, eine allgemein zugängliche und akkurate Darstellung von Daten und Zusammenhängen zu gewährleisten. Dieser kurze Viewpoint soll dazu dienen, die chemische Gemeinschaft für die Bedeutung einer bewussten Farbwahl in wissen...

Subduction zone formation may be both horizontally and then vertically driven, according to a 4D evolution model of the Puysegur margin, New Zealand. This suggests that the current endmember classification of subduction initiation must be expanded.

Academia currently ranks academics and the ranking is mainly based on one single, flawed number, the h-index. In contrast, ProAc is a data-based, visual toolbox that allows to profile, and not rank, academics based on not just one, but a selection of elaborate indices. Crucially, this will reduce unnecessary competition between academics and curren...

Geodynamic modelling provides a powerful tool to investigate processes in the Earth's crust, mantle, and core that are not directly observable. However, numerical models are inherently subject to the assumptions and simplifications on which they are based. In order to use and review numerical modelling studies appropriately, one needs to be aware o...

Geodynamic modelling provides a powerful tool to investigate processes in the Earth's crust, mantle, and core that are not directly observable. However, numerical models are inherently subject to the assumptions and simplifications on which they are based. In order to use and review numerical modelling studies appropriately, one needs to be aware o...

Venus is currently characterized by stagnant‐lid mantle convection, but could have previously experienced episodes of global resurfacing due to lithospheric overturn. Using numerical models of Venus's interior, we attempt to explain Venus's surface characteristics in the context of interior evolution and to understand how Venus's tectonic history h...

The accurate representation of data is essential in science communication. However, colour maps that visually distort data through uneven colour gradients or are unreadable to those with colour-vision deficiency remain prevalent in science. These include, but are not limited to, rainbow-like and red–green colour maps. Here, we present a simple guid...

Current Venus tectonics suggests a stagnant lid mode of mantle convection. However, the planet is debated to enter an episodic regime after long quiescent periods, driven by resurfacing due to rapid subduction and global crustal recycling. Tessera regions that cover approximately 10% of Venus' surface appear to be strongly deformed, which suggests...

Slab orphaning is a newly discovered phenomenological behavior, where the slab tip breaks off at the top of the lower mantle (~660 km depth) and is abandoned by its parent slab. Upon orphaning, subduction continues uninterrupted through the lateral motion of the parent slab above 660 km depth. In this work, we present a regime diagram for the range...

Today's geodynamic models can, often do and sometimes have to become very complex. Their underlying, increasingly elaborate numerical codes produce a growing amount of raw data. Post-processing such data is therefore becoming more and more important, but also more challenging and time-consuming. In addition, visualising processed data and results h...

Today's Geodynamic models can, often do, and sometimes have to become very complex. Their underlying, increasingly elaborate numerical codes produce a growing amount of raw data. Post-processing such data becomes therefore more and more challenging and time consuming. In addition, visualising processed data and results has, in times of coloured fig...

Unlike Earth, Venus lacks discrete, moving plates. Analogue model experiments suggest that observed hints at plate recycling do indeed indicate current, localized destruction of the Venusian surface.

The long-wavelength surface deflection of Earth's outermost rocky shell is mainly controlled by large-scale dynamic processes like isostasy or mantle flow. The largest topographic amplitudes are therefore observed at plate boundaries due to the presence of large thermal heterogeneities and strong tectonic forces. Distinct vertical surface deflectio...

Subduction initiation is a key in understanding the dynamic evolution of the Earth and its fundamental difference to all other rocky planetary bodies in our solar system. Despite recent progress, the question about how a stiff, mostly stagnant planetary lid can break and become part in the global overturn of the mantle is still unresolved. Many mec...

In order to link the geochemical signature of hot spot basalts to Earth's deep interior, it is first necessary to understand how plumes sample different regions of the mantle. Here, we investigate the relative amounts of deep and shallow mantle material that are entrained by an ascending plume and constrain its source region. The plumes are generat...

Post-Processing And Visualisation Routine For STAGYY

Recent advances in numerical modelling allow global models of mantle convection to more realistically reproduce the behaviour at convergent plate boundaries; in particular, the inclusion of a free surface at the outer boundary has been shown to facilitate self-consistent development of single-sided subduction. This allows for a more extensive study...

We present temporally evolving 3-D global mantle convection models with single-sided subduction and a free surface in both 3-D Cartesian and fully spherical geometry. Special focus is given to the spontaneous development of three-dimensional structures atthe surface and in the upper mantle. We find that an arcuate shape is the natural form for tren...

The present-day structure of Earth’s interior is fairly well known thanks to observations. The dynamic processes involved in forming such a rocky planet like Earth are, however, still not fully understood. This thesis therefore aims at a better understanding of plate tectonics, a crucial dynamical feature within the global framework of mantle conve...

Calculating surface topography in geodynamic models is a common numerical problem. Besides other approaches, the so-called sticky air approach has gained interest as a free-surface proxy at the top boundary. The often used free slip condition is thereby vertically extended by introducing a low density, low viscosity fluid layer. This allows the air...

The dynamics of the Earth's lithosphere and mantle are strongly influenced by its upper mechanical boundary condition. For instance, our previous work has shown that a necessity for the evolution of Earth-like, single-sided subduction is a free surface, which allows for vertical movement of the two converging plates, i.e. the development of surface...

Subduction zones on present-day Earth are strongly asymmetric features (Zhao 2004) composed of an overriding plate above a subducting plate that sinks into the mantle. Our recent advances in numerical modelling allow global mantle convection models to produce single-sided subduction self-consistently by allowing for free surface topography on and l...

Subduction zones on present-day Earth are strongly asymmetric features (Zhao 2004) composed of an overriding plate above a subducting plate that sinks into the mantle. While global self-consistent numerical models of mantle convection have reproduced some aspects of plate tectonics (e.g. Tackley 2000, van Heck & Tackley 2008), the assumptions behin...

3D geodynamic modelling of lithospheric-scale deformation remains a challenge as it requires scal-able multigrid algorithms that perform well in the presence of large and abrupt jumps in viscosity. In recent years, we have developed LaMEM (Lithosphere and Mantle Evolution Model), which was originally a finite element code, that can be combined with...

Shear-heating induced localization has been suggested as a potentially important mechanism for breaking the litho-sphere. Yet, the physical parameters that control the on-set of this instability remain unclear. We therefore per-formed systematic 2-D simulations of visco-elasto-plastic lithospheric deformation in which we addressed the effects of va...

Previous dynamical models of global mantle convection indicated that a visco-plastic rheology is successful in generating plate tectonics-like behaviour self-consistently (Moresi et al., 1998; van Heck and Tackley, 2008). Yet, these models fail to create Earth-like plate tectonics: so far in all published models subduction is two-sided and more or...

Here, our recent progress in understanding the large-scale dynamics of the mantle convection - plate tectonics system is summarised, with particular focus on the influence of realistic mineral physics and a free surface. High pressure and temperature experiments and calculations of the properties of mantle minerals show that many different mineral...

The understanding of thermo-mechanical processes forming mountain ranges and plateaus, such as the Tibetan Plateau, is still incomplete. Therefore, interpretations of the same geophysical observations with respect to lithospheric processes in general and lithospheric rheology in particular vary significantly. This is, for example, the case for inte...

Topography is a direct observable of the interaction between the Earth's internal and external dynamics. Therefore, it is important for numerical models of lithospheric deformation to compute topography accurately. Earth's surface is a so-called free surface, which means that both normal and shear stress should vanish at this interface. It has been...