Fabio Borghetti

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• PhD
• Full time fixed-term researcher at Politecnico di Milano

Transportation is one of the sectors with the highest CO2 emissions, accounting for 23% globally and significantly contributing to climate change. To address this challenge, the authorities have proposed new stringent policies that lead to decarbonization. From this perspective, this work proposes a multi-scenario analysis for the electrification o...

A current topic that has surfaced among Public Transport Companies (PTCs) is the selection of alternative fuels for their bus fleets. Both European and Italian regulations are pushing toward abandoning diesel fuel and the consolidation of alternative traction power sources, such as battery-electric vehicles, fuel-cell electric vehicles, and hydroge...

Planned maintenance of transportation infrastructure is a milestone in maintaining the functionality and safety of road networks. This paper is part of this process and aims to propose an easily applicable and versatile operational methodology for prioritizing maintenance interventions generally scheduled on road networks of considerable extent. An...

In Italy, the availability of service areas (SAs) equipped with charging stations (CSs) for electric vehicles (EVs) on highways is limited in comparison to the total number of service areas. The scope of this work is to create a prototype and show a different approach to assessing the number of inlets required on highways. The proposed method estim...

This paper studies and analyzes the energy transition of ferry boats used in Venice as a means of public transportation. Thus, the goal is to reduce their environmental impact by replacing the current installed thermal propulsion with an equivalent low-emission electric type. A study was conducted aimed at sizing the most suitable electric motor an...

Nowadays, designing and adopting sustainable and greener transport systems is of upmost interest. The European Commission and different EU countries are developing plans and programs—but also delivering resources—aimed at the decarbonization of cities and transport by 2030. In this paper, the case study of the city of Brescia, a city of about 200,0...

As a result of the new political stability achieved among Eritrea and Ethiopia, even though not completely consolidated after one year from the peace signed on 8 July 2018, the role of Asmara, the Eritrean capital, is under investigation to understand its potential impact on the economic and technological development of the Horn of Africa. In a reg...

Environmental issues have reached global attention from both political and social perspectives. Many countries and companies around the world are adopting measures to help change current trends. Awareness of decarbonization in the transportation sector has led to an increasing development of energy storage systems in recent years, especially for gr...

This study seeks to assess the flooding impacts on Italy's railway infrastructure, to establish a model based on which the system vulnerability can be measured, and the mitigation strategy can be evaluated. Using Python libraries, exposed railway sections are determined by intersecting flood risk map with Italy's railway network. In addition, Euros...

Considering the proposed strict new constraints of public authorities, decarbonization has become a key trend in recent years. Although several countries have started the process of decarbonization through the introduction of electric vehicles in their public services, for many countries, especially developing countries, transportation is still a h...

In this paper, a quantitative model is implemented with the main goal of building a decision support tool to assess the feasibility of implementing a Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) service by a company operating a fleet of electric buses. The proposed model can calculate the energy that a vehicle within a depot can deliver back to the grid during periods of...

The resilience of increasingly interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems hugely depends on the stakeholder organizations' ability to exchange information and coordinate, while CI's cross-border dimension further increases the complexity and challenges. This paper presents the progress in the Lombardy Region (Italy) and Canton Ticino (Swit...

Today, more than ever before, our society depends on interdependent infrastructure systems, such as transportation, energy, water, and telecommunications networks. These systems are often considered critical because they are necessary for the organization, functionality, and stability of a modern industrialized country. However, these infrastructur...

The future of mobility and transportation infrastructures has been heavily questioned during the last years. Today we are looking at how the mobility of people and goods will evolve in the coming years. With reference to this topic, Hyperloop has been at the core of the debate. Scientists and engineers believe that this technology is a great opport...

Modern industrialized countries depend on the proper functioning of interdependent infrastructure systems, such as transportation, energy, water, and telecommunications networks. These systems are often critical because they contribute to the organization, functionality, and stability of society. Accidents and disruptions can affect these systems,...

Managing a major event in a road tunnel requires more resources than an open-air event. In the case of fire, the confined environment of road tunnels can represent a critical situation for both users and rescuers. The safety level of a tunnel can be estimated by using dedicated risk models that consider, on the one hand, the traffic (type, quantity...

The TRANSnational TUNnel operational CBRN risk mitigation (TRANSTUN) project has been able to create a Network of stakeholders coming from more than 15 countries worldwide, draft a set of Operational Guidelines based on a tailored Risk assessment, and undertake a real-life exercise, involving more than 250 first responders from France and Spain, to...

The increasing use of e-commerce introduces major challenges for last-mile delivery, which is critical to ensure smooth functioning of supply chains. Besides the speed and cost of delivery, which are the most important factors for last-mile logistics, environmental and social sustainability factors are taking on an increasingly important role, espe...

Mobility is a primary human need, and the reasons are many. We move for work, study, entertainment, and other regular activities. The pandemic situation that cities faced from 2020 has raised new questions and promoted new drives for change towards more sustainable scenarios in the management of their mobility systems. There are many expres- sions...

The main goal of the research is to analyze the benefits of Free-Floating Car Sharing (FFCS) combined with the benefits of electric mobility in an Italian metropolitan city like Milan. Milan, in fact, is among the European cities with the highest level of vehicular traffic and therefore congestion. In this perspective the work aims at defining and...

The main goal of this work is to perform a preliminary analysis about the feasibility and implications of the ongoing Full Electric project implemented by ATM, the public company that manages the collective transport in Milan (Italy). The project aims to upgrade the bus system by creating a fleet composed by 1150 full electric buses by 2030 (Scenar...

In europe, urban areas represent the “engine” of economic growth and employment in a territory: about 85% of the eu’s gdp (gross domestic product) is generated in european cities. Several european cities, due to the extensive economic activities in urban areas, have to deal with and manage issues related to or caused by transport and mobility such...

In Italy, mainly due to its complex orography, there are more than 50% of road tunnels longer than 500 m belonging to the Trans European Road Network. Moreover, many road tunnels, were designed and built several years ago, where both traffic flows and vehicle sizes were different. Generally speaking, it is possible to state that if on one hand road...

The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility to introduce the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology in a Local Public Transport (LPT) bus service in the city of Milan in Italy. The research in focused on the bus fleet of ATM-Azienda Trasporti Milanesi-the public company that manages collective transport in the city of Milan. This work is enhanced...

The goal of this work is to apply the idea of the city in 15 min to railway stations that can become the starting point of the analysis as they represent the “gateway”, where users start their last mile of travel after getting off the train. Within the research, 11 railway stations located in the Lombardy Region in Italy were identified and analyze...

The main goal of the research is to analyze the benefits of Free-Floating Car Sharing (FFCS) combined with the benefits of electric mobility in an Italian metropolitan city like Milan. Milan, in fact, is among the European cities with the highest level of vehicular traffic and therefore congestion. In this perspective the work aims at defining and...

The main goal of this work is to perform a preliminary analysis about the feasibility and implications of the ongoing Full Electric project implemented by ATM, the public company that manages the collective transport in Milan (Italy). The project aims to upgrade the bus system by creating a fleet composed by 1150 full electric buses by 2030 (Scenar...

The trend of the population increase combined with the global climate change and the rising energy prices make sustainable mobility a big issue for urban communities. Since in urban areas it is in act a process of infrastructure development, the modernization of Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), whose final purpose is to intensify the urban transport netwo...

Every year more than 1.35 million people die for road accidents and several million suffer serious injuries, which force them to live with compromised health conditions. Over the last decades, road safety research has focused on improving modelling techniques. However, due to the lack of expertise and statistical skills, such approaches might not b...

The aim of this research is to analyze the fire events occurred inside the Gran Sasso unidirectional highway tunnel in Italy. The Gran Sasso tunnel consists of two parallel one-way tubes with a length of about 10100 m. The tunnel, managed by Strada dei Parchi S.p.A., is one of the 14 tunnels belonging to the A24 and A25 motorways subject to the app...

The paper presents the experience of Regione Lombardia in Italy in promoting at regional level the activity of industrial risk communication from Authorities to citizens. After an overview and a territorial analysis of the region carried out with GIS tools, the adopted approach is described: i) the organization of technical meetings with the munici...

A two-step method to assess the resilience of road network infrastructures is developed to support resilience capacity building. The first step exploits the DMCI (dynamic functional modelling of vulnerability and interdependency of critical infrastructure) modelling approach for transportation network characterisation. DMCI reveals the cascading ef...

A two-step method to assess the resilience of road network infrastructures is developed to support resilience capacity building. The first step exploits the DMCI (dynamic functional modelling of vulnerability and interdependency of critical infrastructure) modelling approach for transportation network characterisation. DMCI reveals the cascading ef...

The work proposes a quantitative model for the analysis of the resilience of railway lines with particular reference to the recovery activity through the setting up of a bus service. For each route between two stations, the interruption of rail traffic following a relevant event is considered ; the aim is to evaluate which are the best stations whe...

The European Directive 2004/54/EC-concerning minimum safety requirements for tunnels on the trans-European road network-requires a quantitative risk analysis for tunnels belonging to the trans-European road network and longer than 500 m, based on accident data. Strada dei Parchi S.p.A. is a company that manages a large number of road tunnels belong...

This paper illustrates the accidents data observed in 14 road tunnels of the Italian motorway A24 and A25, with particular emphasis on two top events such as fires and release of dangerous goods. Consistent data regarding this kind of events are essential to improve the reliability of quantitative risk analysis models for road tunnels. According to...

The aim of the work is to analyze the impact on a road infrastructure following an accident involving dangerous goods. The focus is to identify and evaluate the different time phases needed to recover the infrastructure and therefore the traffic flows after a relevant event. The evaluation of these times represents a useful tool to estimate the imp...

The work proposes a preliminary analysis of the transport of dangerous goods in Italy during the lockdown caused by COVID-19 in March 2020. Using a monitoring network able to detect the orange panel (UN and KEMLER number), it was possible to analyze the data related to the gates near Brescia (Regione Lombardia) and Trecate (Regione Piemonte). The f...

Nowadays, in the field of mobility, there is much talk about the concept of "Smart Mobility" and the related increase of the electric vehicle market. The latter, however, the great benefits that can bring, they are experiencing some difficulties in mass diffusion. The aim of this work is to develop and propose a tool that identifies the charging po...

The work proposes an operational model for the management of cross-border transport critical infrastructures. Particular focus is given to road and rail network. The main goal is to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) for the management of relevant events that may have impacts on the two countries. The SICt project - Resilience of cross-border...

The work proposes a quantitative model to determine the transport relevance of the different sections of a road network. In this way it is possible to define priorities for single network elements' restore following relevant events such as earthquakes. The model was developed within a project with the Italian Civil Protection Department following t...

This chapter illustrates the state of the art of the risk analysis methods and models for road tunnels with particular reference to the users’ egress models.

This chapter describes the interdependence and estimate the reliability of the tunnel infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures considered in the proposed model.

This chapter describes the approach used to determine the evolution of the consequences for each of the accidental scenarios considered in the risk analysis procedure. The consequence analysis allows to estimate which are the negative effects of the accidents that can affect both the egress and tenability of tunnel users.

This chapter describes the egress model of the users who are present in the tunnel. Starting from the user position, the available emergency exits and the dynamics of the accidental scenario, it is possible to verify the required safe egress time of the exposed users with the tenability thresholds.

This chapter describes model calibration in order to verify its consistency. The sensitivity analysis carried out on the parameters and measures considered in the proposed model is described, with the aim of analysing their effect of the shape and position of the F-N curve. In addition, the result of a comparison made using QRAM software and carrie...

This chapter describes in detail the vehicle queue formation model for each lane inside the tunnel following an accident.

The risk analysis process for road tunnels with particular reference to the concept of risk and safety is described in this chapter. In particular, the specific characteristics of the risk models and the techniques of risk representation and acceptance are presented.

This chapter describes the implementation process of the F-N curve, which makes possible to represent the societal risk and subsequently verify its acceptance with respect to the ALARP criterion. The F-N curve is evaluated starting from the frequencies of occurrence of the accidental events and the number of fatalities determined by each accidental...

This chapter describes the logical structure of the proposed tunnel risk analysis model. In particular, the event tree technique for estimating the frequencies of the accidental scenarios and the procedure for defining the location of the accidental scenarios along the tunnel are illustrated.

This chapter describes the distribution model of users in vehicles that are stopped in a queue in each lane of the tunnel. The model allows to estimate the number of users present along the queue of each lane according to the traffic and the type of vehicles.

This book illustrates a new quantitative risk analysis model for road tunnels that is capable of evaluating the role of infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures as prescribed by EU Directive 2004/54/EC. The risk assessment draws on the typical F-N curves of societal risk, evaluated with the help of event tree analysis, vehicle q...

Ex-Ante analysis focused both on the adopted evaluation methodology and on an extensive and interdisciplinary bibliographical review about Truck Platooning. Moreover, this Ex-Ante report defines the basis for the evaluation of the jointed impacts of Truck Platooning and C-ITS services.

Ex-Ante analysis focused both on the adopted evaluation methodology and on an extensive and interdisciplinary bibliographical review about the L3 system Highway Chauffeur. Moreover, this Ex-Ante report defines the basis for the evaluation of the jointed impacts of Highway Chauffeur and C-ITS services.

This paper illustrates and describes the results of a modelling work on the effect of fire dynamics, queue vehicle formation, tunnel geometry on the evacuation modelling in road tunnels. The modelling approach is based on a CFD simulation of the fire development and interaction with tunnel geometry, the effect of vehicular blockage on smoke movemen...

The paper illustrates and describes the structure of a new quantitative model of risk analysis for road tunnels named TRAM (Tunnel Risk Analysis Model). The result of the model, in accordance with the European Directive and the Italian Legislative Decree, returns the F-N curves of societal risk, in other words functions that relate the frequency of...

One of the activities included in the DESTINATION project - DangErous tranSport To New prevenTive Instruments, related to the safety of dangerous goods transport by road, concerns the analysis of data from the monitoring network implemented on the project area. The monitoring network consists of more than 30 cameras - gates able to detect the orang...

The aim of the work is to develop a comparison between two software able to assess the risk associated with the transport of goods by road: QRAM - Quantitative Risk Assessment Model and GIIS – Global Integrated Information System, implemented within the DESTINATION project - DangErous tranSport To New prevenTive Instruments. It was thus possible to...

The Italian Interreg Project DESTINATION was intended to acquire data on the transportation of dangerous goods and use them, developing a tool to protect the territory. The Project developed a risk analysis model for examination and assessment of the elements exposed to harm in the event of accident scenarios involving hazardous substances. Definin...

This chapter briefly presents the main issues related to the safety inside road tunnels. Fires, events with potentially catastrophic consequences within these infrastructures, are concisely introduced.

In this chapter are presented the experiments and experimental measurements obtained in the two full-scale fire tests performed in the Morgex North tunnel, where both the HRR and ventilation velocity were measured as a function of time. It is initially described how the fire scenarios were designed and operated, then the obtained experimental resul...

In this chapter the authors introduce how fires in tunnels can be studied using CFD models, explaining the reasons behind the research project and the importance to perform full-scale fire tests in order to better understand and investigate these events. Finally, the subjects involved in project (Politecnico di Milano, Corpo Valdostano dei Vigili d...

In this chapter it is introduced a simple methodology for the quantitative assessment of the severity of the expected consequences of a tunnel fire that can be applied in any complex environment. The proposed methodology was applied to the Morgex North tunnel to show its potentiality for evaluating the effect of different geometric characteristics...

After presenting the Morgex North tunnel, location of the full-scale fire tests, the choices made for the implementation of the fire test, made up by two fire scenarios, are deeply described. The idea of this part of the book is to give possible stakeholders useful suggestions in order to guide them in the preparation of a similar experience. Indic...

In this book new full-scale tunnel fire experimental results are presented and discussed. The tests took place in the Morgex North tunnel of the A5 highway (Italy). The first part of the book describes how to set up full-scale fire tests inside an existing tunnels. Indications are given about fire scenarios and their preparation, safety issues, mat...

This book aims to cast light on all aspects of tunnel fires, based on experimental activities and theoretical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. In particular, the authors describe a transient full-scale fire test (~15 MW), explaining how they designed and performed the experimental activity inside the Morgex North tunnel in Italy. Th...

This paper proposes a quantitative method for evaluating the accessibility of railway routes in the open air under emergency conditions using the bimodal road/rail vehicle supplied to the Fire Brigade. The model is set up as a Decision Support Tool -DST useful for assessing current accessibility of each link that makes up a railway line and identif...

This research project considers a quantitative model for analysing the accessibility of open-air stretches of a railway line in emergency conditions using the road system (Borghetti, 2014). The project derives from a previous study (Borghetti and Malavasi, 2016) which illustrated the problems regarding the vulnerability of a railway stretch with pa...

This paper [1] examines the vulnerability and accessibility of railway networks in emergency conditions using the road system with particular reference to open air routes. The goal is to implement a Decision Support Tool - DST useful to evaluate the accessibility of the railway links that make up a rail network. The tool is used in a pre-event and...

The DESTINATION project, operating since 2010, proposed as its primary objective the implementation of a new information system called GIIS (Global Integrated Information System). The GIIS provides a platform for the sharing and analysis of data concerning dangerous goods transportation within the territories of the project: Canton Ticino, Piedmont...

The Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road - DGT – can be a source of risk for the community and the environment. This research, part of the Strategic Interreg Italy - Switzerland Project DESTINATION, proposes a model for ranking portions of an area through the use of indicators representing the areas affected by the criticalities related to an incid...

Il progetto DESTINATION, "monitoraggio del trasporto di merci pericolose come strumento di tutela del territorio" nasce nel 2010 con il principale obiettivo di stimare e gestire il rischio associato al trasporto di merci pericolose su strada. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata realizzata una rete di monitoraggio dei veicoli adibiti al traspor...

Some severe fires in Europe, such as those of the Mont Blanc, Gotthard and Tauern tunnels, have clearly displayed the dramatic urgency of adapting the road and rail tunnels to higher safety standards. From 2004 the European directive 2004/54/EC requires risk analysis for existing tunnels of the trans-European road network that are considered below...

In order to increase safety as far as dangerous goods transport is concerned, the DESTINATION project has been developed since 2010 in the framework of the Italy/Switzerland Operational Program for Transfrontier Cooperation 2007-2013. The project was born to satisfy the increasing needs of public bodies to share data on hazardous material land tran...

The severe fires in Europe, such as those of the Mont Blanc, Gotthard and Tauern tunnels, have clearly displayed the dramatic urgency of adapting the road and rail tunnels to higher safety standards. From 2004 the European directive 2004/54/EC required risk analysis for existing tunnels that are considered below the minimum safety standards. Those...

Fires represent a very complex phenomenon involving combustion, radiation, turbulence, fluid dynamics and other physical and chemical processes. In this paper, we compare the model predictions of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) with experimental measurements of fires in road tunnels. The successful comparison of the predictions to the experimenta...