Fabienne Faÿ

University of Southern Brittany | UBS · LBCM - Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines

Confronting the challenge of biofilm resistance and widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), this study emphasizes the need for innovative monitoring methods and explores the potential of bacteriophages against bacterial biofilms. Traditional methods, like optical density (OD) measurements and confocal microscopy, crucial in studying biofilm–viru...

Silicone materials are widely used in fouling release coatings, but developing eco-friendly protection via biosourced coatings, such as polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) presents a major challenge. Anti-bioadhesion properties of medium chain length PHA and short chain length PHA films are studied and compared with a reference Polydimethylsiloxane coating...

Due to environmental regulations, antifouling marine coatings must be gradually replaced by biocide-free coatings. Marine organisms weakly adhere to fouling release coatings, presenting a low surface free energy and a high elasticity, so they can be readily removed by the sheer force of water. Currently, these materials are mainly composed of petro...

Hydrogels based on poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) sulfonate and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, PEGDA, are prepared. First, PHA sulfonate is synthesized from unsaturated PHA by a thiol-ene reaction in the presence of sodium-3-mercapto-1-ethanesulfonate. The hydrophilicity of PHAs is considerably increased by adding sulfonate functions, and three...

The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biobased, biocompatible and biodegradable polyesters. To enhance their biodegradability and flexibility, we develop low density PHAs by an emulsion-templated method without organic solvent. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and castor oil are required to improve the flexibility and to generate the porosity, respectively. T...

Biofilms, responsible for many serious drawbacks in the medical and marine environment, can grow on abiotic and biotic surfaces. Commercial anti-biofilm solutions, based on the use of biocides, are available but their use increases the risk of antibiotic resistance and environmental pollution in marine industries. There is an urgent need to work on...

Bacterial biofilms have a significant economic and health impact in many different domains. In such films, the extracellular matrix prevents the diffusion of biocides, so antibiotic treatments require a concentration 500 to 1000 times higher than that used to eliminate the same bacteria when present as planktonic stage. Early detection of biofilms...

The development of biofouling is a major problem for marine industries. The conception of antifouling and fouling release coatings, with controlled physical-chemical properties is a promising strategy. Among them, amphiphilic systems, such as those composed of a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane matrix and a hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol additive a...

Fouling release coatings are known to be ecofriendly and to be a good alternative to the coatings containing biocides. To improve their efficiency and lifespan the incorporation of additives seems required. Amphiphilic system as PEG-silicone coatings have a lower impact on the environment. However, PEG oxidation in seawater impacts its lifespan. In...

Microorganisms able to form biofilms in marine ecosystems are selected depending on immersed surfaces and environmental conditions. Cell attachment directly on toxic surfaces like antifouling coatings suggests a selection of tolerant (or resistant) organisms with characteristics conferring adaptive advantages. We investigated if environment would d...

Biofouling is a phenomenon affecting all the infrastructures immerged in marine and freshwater environments. This colonization leads to a deterioration of the surfaces implied and affects the performances of the different structures as the decrease of ship speed or the increase of fuel consumption. Polemics around harmful antifouling coatings being...

Societal and environmental constraints have led to changes in international and European regulations to limit the use of biocides in antifouling paints. In this context, coatings combining fouling release properties and leaching of active molecules are sought. The objectives of this study are to conceive a hybrid system for antifouling paint and to...

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hydrophobicity, surface chemistry and topography on bacterial and microalgal adhesion. To this end, the effects of surface plasma treatments (argon (Ar) and tetrafluorocarbon (CF4)) of polycarbonate substrates on bioadhesion were investigated in vitro. Surfaces were characterized by goniometry,...

Regulatory developments regarding antifouling molecules encourage the search for non-toxic substances. Evaluation tools must evolve to highlight anti-adhesion effects rather than growth inhibition. The work presented here aimed at developing a method based on confocal laser scanning microscopy-microfluidic flow-cells in order to characterize microa...

The evolution of regulations concerning biocidal products aims to increase protection of the environment (e.g., EU Regulation No 528/2012) and requires the development of new non-toxic anti-fouling (AF) systems. The development of these formulations implies the use of ingredients (polymers, active substances, additives) that are devoid of toxicity...

The evolution of regulations concerning biocidal products aimed towards an increased protection of the environment (e.g., EU Regulation No 528/2012) requires the development of new non-toxic anti-fouling (AF) systems. As the marine environment is an important source of inspiration, such AF systems inhibiting the adhesion of organisms without any to...

Amphiphilic surfaces are particularly effective at inhibiting the adhesion of microorganisms (bacteria, cells, microalgae, etc.) in liquid media. The aim of this study is to determine the best hydrophilic linker to promote bonding between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a hydrophilic additive and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) as the hydrophobic mat...

Coatings containing booster biocide (diuron and tolylfluanid) and copper thiocyanate were exposed to marine bacteria and diatoms. The effect of biocides included in coatings on cells adhesion and biofilm formation was studied in different conditions of immersion. In vitro, two marine bacterial strains (Pseudoalteromonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) and tw...

First bastadins isolated from the marine sponge Ianthella basta have attracted wide attentions due to their biological activities. Bastadins are known for their antifouling, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. From these naturals compounds, chemists from the university of Düsseldorf have developed many bastadins or hemibastadins analogs...

Dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB) is an already known potent inhibitor of blue mussel phenoloxidase (which is a key enzyme involved in bioadhesion). Within this study, the potentiality of DBHB against microfouling has been investigated. The activity of DBHB was evaluated on key strains of bacteria and microalgae involved in marine biofilm formation and...

Since the banning of several families of compounds in antifouling (AF) coatings, the search for environmentally friendly AF compounds has intensified. Natural sources of AF compounds have been identified in marine organisms and can be used to create analogues in laboratory. In a previous study, we identified that dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB) is a p...

The environment is the inspiration for many innovations, for example in the research on new antifouling surfaces; the shark skin is an interesting model. On the shark skin, it was shown that microtopography associated with production of mucus inhibited microfouling and macrofouling. In our study, we want to evaluate the property of the surface roug...

Among microorganisms involved in the microfouling, microalgae are present in great number and diversity but few studies investigate their ability to adhere on a support and to create communities like bacterial biofilms. In this study, parameters promoting the formation of microalgae biofilm in flowcell system1 were determined. Two strains of microa...

The development of new antifouling paints requires understanding the parameters involved in antifouling activity and to develop new analytical tools for their evaluation.A series of biodegradable poly("-caprolactone-co-σ-valerolactone) copolymers varying by molecular weight and composition were synthesized, characterized and formulated as antifouli...

The objectives of this study are to measure the efficiency of an hybrid system for antifouling paint and to observe the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the binder on the antifouling activity. The use of a block copolymer should allow mixing the properties of erosion and hydrophobicity to obtain a more efficient paint with a reduced...

First bastadins isolated from the marine sponge Ianthella basta have attracted wide attention because of their biological activities. Indeed bastadins are known for their antifouling, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. From these natural compounds, chemists have developed many bastadins or hemibastadins derivatives.. After identifying...

Marine biofilms are multispecies communities composed of bacteria and microalgae. These biofilms are a binding site for macroorganisms which participate to the biofouling formation. Biofouling is a process which induces consequences on the economy and the ecology. Antifouling coatings which contain several active molecules are in constant developme...

Among microorganisms involved in the microfouling, microalgae are present in great number and diversity but few studies investigate their ability to adhere on a support and to create biofilms. In this study, parameters promoting the formation of microalgae biofilm in flowcell system were determined. Four strains of microalgae were used: Cylindrothe...

Non-toxic silicone coatings with improved resistance to diatom slime formation were prepared by simple blending and curing with a PEO-silane amphiphile: α-(EtO)3Si-(CH2)2-oligodimethylsiloxane13-block-poly(ethylene oxide)8-OCH3. Coatings were formed by blending varying levels (1, 5, and 10 wt%) into an RTV, silica reinforced silicone. The coatings...

First bastadins isolated from the marine sponge Ianthella basta have attracted wide attention because of their biological activities. Indeed Bastadins are known for their antifouling, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. From these natural compounds, chemists developed many bastadins or hemibastadins derivatives like NBHB (Norbromhemibas...

Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone) copolymers were synthesized and investigated to study their behavior in aqueous medium. The copolyesters were produced by ring opening polymerization between ε-caprolactone (CL) and δ-valerolactone (VL) in bulk at 140°C using tin(II) octoate as catalyst. They were characterized by using 1H NMR,...

Microalgae are complexes microorganisms capable of adhering on submerged surfaces and participate in the formation of biofouling. Very few studies were made in order to understand the mechanism which permits the adhesion of microalgae to surfaces. Our objectives are to define optimal parameters (medium, pH, salinity and light) of growth and adhesio...

Le photobioréacteur sous les conditions testées permet la croissance des bactéries et microalgues en co-culture : les deux microorganismes (bactéries et microalgues) se développent sans interférer sur la croissance de l'autre (Fig.4 : A), cependant la proportion de chaque bactérie est significativement différente en fonction du temps (Fig.4 : B) .

Chitosan films were prepared in combination with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linking and were investigated on the prevention for trans-contamination and preservation of egg quality. The study demonstrated that chitosan films significantly decrease Salmonella enteritidis settlement (from 7% to 0.5%) and penetration of eggshells (from 93 to 5...

Coatings based on polyacrylic and rosin binder were immersed during 3 weeks in Atlantic Ocean (Kernevel harbor). Adherent cells on coatings were stained by a fluorescent marker (Syto 9) and appear green. Microalgae were observed in red by autofluorescence. Conclusions The study revealed the utility of the CLSM for the evaluation of antifouling coat...

The objectives of this study are to observe the effects of the introduction of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the hydration and degradation of aliphatic polyesters in water, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The mechanism of PCL degradation in water is well known, and PDMS is a nonbiodegradable and hydrophobic polymer. The ligation of these two p...

Silicone coatings with enhanced antifouling behavior towards bacteria, diatoms, and a diatom dominated slime were prepared by incorporating PEO-silane amphiphiles with varied siloxane tether lengths (a-c): α-(EtO)3Si(CH2)2-oligodimethylsiloxanen-block-poly(ethylene oxide)8-OCH3 [n = 0 (a), 4 (b), and 13 (c)]. Three modified silicone coatings (A-C)...

It is generally agreed that the prevention of marine fouling can be achieved by coatings from which a controlled release of toxic molecules prevents the growth of adhered organisms (bacteria, algae, molluscs). Since the end of 1990s, antifouling paints have been made by the blending of polyacrylic resins with biocides. The aim of this study was to...

The development of new antifouling coatings with respect to the marine environment is actually crucial. The aim of the present work is to concept an erodible paint formulated with biodegradable polyester as binders and which combines two modes of prevention: chemical and physical repelling of biofouling. This system is principally dedicated to dist...

Due to the environmentally harmful impact of tributyltin self-polishing paints, there is a critical need of more ecological alternatives. The aim of the present work is to study the joint-action of three molecules chosen in order to combine the two modes of prevention: chemical and physical repelling of biofouling. This "hybrid" system is principal...

Polyanhydrides are largely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields because of their biodegradability and controlled degradation. In this work, oligomers were investigated as film binders for environmental applications. To overcome the main disadvantages of polyanhydrides (low solubility in common solvents and high melting points), oligomers ba...

The use of two microscopical techniques, SEM and CLSM, was investigated to facilitate the observation of adhered microfouling on antifouling paints. Bacterial and diatom colonisation was quantified on antifouling paints and compared with the standard test, ASTM D 3623. The results indicate that there is a likely correlation between the microscopic...

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a well-known pathogenic bacterium responsible for human gastrointestinal enteritis mainly due to the consumption of eggs and egg-products. The first aim of this work was to study several virulence factors of a strain isolated from egg content: SEovo. First, bacterial growth was studied at several temperatu...

Antifouling (AF) paints are used to prevent the attachment of living organisms to the submerged surfaces of ships, boats and aquatic structures, usually by the release of biocides. Apart from copper, organic booster biocides are the main active components in AF paints, but their use can have a negative impact on the marine environment. The direct e...

New monohalogenated maleimide derivatives (with bromine, chlorine or iodine) were synthesized to test the effect of halogen atoms in inhibiting the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The evaluation of their biological activities clearly defines a structure-activity relationship. In this study, the bactericidal action of the three compound...

Many tin-free binders have been developed to mimic the TBT-SPC binders in sea water soon after the recognition of the detrimental side effects of tributyltin (TBT)-based compounds on non-target species in the early 80s. Throughout the different sections of the chapter, the requirements for self-polishing antifouling coatings are displayed in order...

Environmental legislation compels marine paints companies to develop non toxic antifouling coatings respecting ecosystems. In this work, biodegradable polymers are used to conceive delivery systems with a lifetime of many months. For this purpose, chlorhexidine was encapsulated in poly(L-lactide) microspheres and incorporated in antifouling formula...

One of the most promising alternatives to toxic heavy metal-based paints is offered by the development of antifouling coatings in which the active ingredients are compounds naturally occurring in marine organisms and operating as natural antisettlement agents. Sessile marine macroalgae are remarkably free from settlement by fouling organisms. They...

This article describes the synthesis and in vitro analysis of poly(ester anhydride) antimicrobial protection coatings. Poly(ester anhydride)s composed of ricinoleic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were used in this study. The polymers were compatible with various fillers commonly used in paint preparation. The in vitro e...

Copolyesters containing ε-caprolactone and l-lactide or ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone at different compositions were synthesized by using tetrabutoxytitane Ti(OBu)4 at high temperature in bulk. A series of copolyesters were prepared by varying the compositions of both comonomers. These copolymers were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ge...

Copolymers of caprolactone with delta-valerolactone and L-lactide were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization in the presence of tetrabutoxytitane in order to decrease the crystallinity of polycaprolactone (PCL) and to enlarge its potential applications. The kinetics of degradation and controlled release of bioactive molecules were investigated...

To produce antifouling paints with reduced toxicants levels, it is necessary to further investigate the phenomena which have a decisive role in antifouling activity. Among them, two were proved to be essential: the presence of biocides and the erosion. Nevertheless, analytical tools for the evaluation of these characteristics of paints film need to...

After the ban of TBT-based products, marine paint companies are urged to find an appropriate substitute to prevent biofouling on ship hulls. Biocides commonly used in antifouling paints to replace TBT have caused many doubts about their environmental effects. An alternative is offered by the development of antifouling coatings in which the active i...

Novel polyester and copolyesters have been prepared by anionic ring‐opening polymerization of racemic 4‐alkyloxycarbonyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐oxetanones that had been synthesized in five steps from diethyl oxalpropionate used as chemical precursor. The anionic polymerizations, realized in bulk or in solution with tetraethylammonium benzoate as initiator,...

Novel α, α′, β-trisubstituted β-lactones have been prepared by a concise and efficient synthesis in five steps from commercial racemic diethyl oxalpropionate. These lactones with different lateral groups can be polymerized or co-polymerized for obtaining polyesters with high molecular weight. Chemical modification of these functionalized hydrolyzab...

Lorient cedex, fabienne.fay@univ-ubs. 2 : Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polymères UMR-CNRS 7581, 2-8 rue H Dunant, 94320 Thiais Introduction The settlement and growth of living organisms on immersed surfaces, takes place following four successive steps, from a few seconds to several months after immersion, as described by Egan 1 and Wahl 2 . The...