Fabien L. Condamine

French National Centre for Scientific Research | CNRS · Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution

Combining morphological and molecular characters through Bayesian total-evidence dating allows inferring the phylogenetic and timescale framework of both extant and fossil taxa, while accounting for the stochasticity and incompleteness of the fossil record. Such an integrative approach is particularly needed when dealing with clades such as sloths...

Relict species, like coelacanth, gingko, tuatara, are the remnants of formerly more ecologically and taxonomically diverse lineages. It raises the questions of why they are currently species-poor, have restrained ecology, and are often vulnerable to extinction. Estimating heterozygosity level and demographic history can guide our understanding of t...

Orchids constitute one of the most spectacular radiations of flowering plants. However, their geographical origin, historical spread across the globe, and hotspots of speciation remain uncertain due to the lack of a broad phylogenomic framework. ⍰ We present a new Orchidaceae phylogeny based on high-throughput and Sanger sequencing datasets, coveri...

Understanding palaeodiversity dynamics through time and space is a central goal of macroevolution. Estimating palaeodiversity dynamics has been historically addressed with fossil data because it directly reflects the past variations of biodiversity. Unfortunately, some groups or regions lack a good fossil record, and dated phylogenies can be useful...

Recent fossil discoveries in Western Amazonia revealed that two distinct anthropoid primate clades of African origin colonized South America near the Eocene/Oligocene transition (ca. 34 Ma). Here, we describe a diminutive fossil primate from Brazilian Amazonia and suggest that, surprisingly, a third clade of anthropoids was involved in the Paleogen...

The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a relict of a once more diverse and globally distributed group but are restricted to low latitude...

The Amazon hosts one of the largest and richest rainforests in the world, but its origins remain debated. Growing evidence suggests that geodiversity and geological history played essential roles in shaping the Amazonian flora. Here we summarize the geo-climatic history of the Amazon and review paleopalynological records and time-calibrated phyloge...

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are la...

Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of...

The swallowtail genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is species rich, distributed worldwide, and has broad morphological habits and ecological niches. Because of its elevated species richness, it has been historically difficult to reconstruct a densely sampled phylogeny for this clade. Here we provide a taxonomic working list for the genus, re...

The Cretaceous-Paleogene event was the last mass extinction event, yet its impact and long-term effects on species-level marine vertebrate diversity remain largely uncharacterized. We quantified elasmobranch (sharks, skates, and rays) speciation, extinction, and ecological change resulting from the end-Cretaceous event using >3200 fossil occurrence...

Estimating deep-time species-level diversification processes remains challenging. Both the fossil record and molecular phylogenies allow the estimation of speciation and extinction rates, but each type of data may still provide an incomplete picture of diversification dynamics. Here, we combine species-level palaeontological (fossil occurrences) an...

The Permo–Triassic interval encompasses three extinction events including the most dramatic biological crisis of the Phanerozoic, the latest Permian mass extinction. However, their drivers and outcomes are poorly quantified and understood for terrestrial invertebrates, which we assess here for insects. We find a pattern with three extinctions: the...

Species persist in landscapes through ecological dynamics but proliferate at wider spatial scales through evolutionary mechanisms. Disentangling the contribution of each dynamic is challenging, but the increasing use of dated molecular phylogenies opened new perspectives. First, the increasing use of DNA sequences in biodiversity inventory shed lig...

The origins and evolution of the outstanding Neotropical biodiversity are a matter of intense debate. A comprehensive understanding is hindered by the lack of deep-time comparative data across wide phylogenetic and ecological contexts. Here, we quantify the prevailing diversification trajectories and drivers of Neotropical diversification in a samp...

Deciphering the timing of lineage diversification and extinction has greatly benefited in the last decade from methodological developments in fossil-based analyses. If these advances are increasingly used to study the past dynamics of vertebrates, other taxa such as insects remain relatively neglected. Our understanding of how insect clades waxed a...

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have diversified via coevolution with plants and in response to dispersals following key geological events. These hypotheses have been poorly tested at the macroevolutionary scale because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets on global distributions and larval...

A bstract Wild silkmoths (Saturniidae) are one of the most emblematic and most studied families of moths. Yet, the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling impedes our understanding of their evolutionary history. We analyzed 1,024 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions to infer the re...

A new specimen of the species Litholingia rhora Ren, 2002, from the Middle-Upper Jurassic deposit of Daohugou, is used to redescribe the species and precise its diagnosis. We also propose a series of wing venation drawings highlighting the main characteristics of the wing venation all Litholingia species. Finally, we summarize the current diversity...

A new genus and species of stonefly is described and figured from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber as †Burmaperla pouilloni Jouault & Nel gen. et sp. nov. The placement of this new genus and species within the Perlidae is corroborated by an in-depth comparison of apomorphies. This new species differs from all other Acroneuriinae from the mid-Cretac...

The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean vascular plant diversity by estimating a list of all species with publicly available records, which we integrate with a phylogenetic dataset of 14 501 Neotropical plant s...

Mountainous areas host a disproportionately large fraction of Earth's biodiversity, suggesting a causal relationship between mountain building and biological diversification. Mountain clade radiations are generally associated with changes in environment, climate, and the increase in heterogeneity therein during mountain building. However, examining...

The Eocene--Oligocene transition (EOT) represents a period of global environmental changes particularly marked in Europe and coincides with a dramatic biotic turnover. Here, using an exceptional fossil preservation, we document and analyse the diversity dynamics of a mammal clade, Cainotherioidea (Artiodactyla), that survived the EOT and radiated r...

The global increase in species richness toward the tropics across continents and taxonomic groups, referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient, stimulated the formulation of many hypotheses to explain the underlying mechanisms of this pattern. We evaluate several of these hypotheses to explain spatial diversity patterns in a butterfly family,...

In the paper ‘A new stonefly species (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) from Eocene Baltic amber and questions on the wing venation potential for species diagnostic of fossil Plecoptera’, we figured and discussed on a specimen of the plecopteran Pteroliriope sinitshenkovae Cui, Béthoux, Kondratieff, Shih & Ren, 2016 (Jouault et al., 2021: figs 5–6), under th...

Mountain systems harbor a substantial fraction of global biodiversity and, thus, provide excellent opportunities to study rapid diversification and to understand the historical processes underlying the assembly of biodiversity hotspots. The rich biodiversity in mountains is widely regarded as having arisen under the influence of geological and clim...

Assessing the relative importance of geographical and ecological drivers of evolution is paramount to understand the diversification of species and traits at the macroevolutionary scale. Here, we use an integrative approach, combining phylogenetics, biogeography, ecology, and quantified phenotypes to investigate the drivers of both species and phen...

It is striking to observe that species richness is not evenly distributed across the surface of the planet. Current species diversity indeed decreases toward the poles, with Antarctica for instance being depauperate compared to tropical regions. This ubiquitous pattern has long attracted the attention of naturalists and more recently of evolutionar...

Examination of Baltic amber Plecoptera reveals a new species of Isoperla: Isoperla baltica sp. nov. The placement of this new species is supported by an in-depth comparison of apomorphies supporting families, subfamilies, and suborders. Contrary to previous descriptions of many fossil species, we took advantage of the good preservation of the genit...

The question why non-avian dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago (Ma) remains unresolved because of the coarseness of the fossil record. A sudden extinction caused by an asteroid is the most accepted hypothesis but it is debated whether dinosaurs were in decline or not before the impact. We analyse the speciation-extinction dynamics for six k...

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) represents a period of global environmental changes particularly marked in Europe and coincides with a dramatic biotic turnover. Here, using an exceptional fossil preservation, we document and analyse the diversity dynamics of a mammal clade, Cai-notherioidea (Artiodactyla), that survived the EOT and radiated r...

Aim Sea-level changes have long been put forward to explain the colonization of Southeast Asian islands by freshwater aquatic organisms. We examined the relative impact of Sundaland geology since the Oligocene and of Pleistocene Eustatic Fluctuations on the mitochondrial lineage diversification of a species-rich subfamily of freshwater fishes widel...

Mountainous areas host a disproportionately large fraction of Earth’s biodiversity, suggesting a causal relationship between mountain building and biological diversification. Mountain clade radiations are generally associated with environmental heterogeneity, and with ecological opportunities created during the formation of high-elevation habitats....

Assessing the relative importance of geographical and ecological drivers of evolution is paramount to understand the diversification of species and traits at the macroevolutionary scale. Here, we use an integrative approach, combining phylogenetics, biogeography, ecology, and quantified phenotypes to investigate the drivers of both species and phen...

The origin of the outstanding Neotropical biodiversity is still debated. A comprehensive understanding is hindered by the lack of deep-time comparative data across wide phylogenetic and ecological contexts. Here we define and evaluate four evolutionary scenarios assuming different diversity trajectories and drivers of Neotropical diversification. R...

The mega-diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their co-evolutionary associations with plants. Despite abundant studies on insect-plant interactions, we do not know whether host-plant shifts have impacted both genomic adaptation and species diversification over geological times. We show that the antagonistic insect-plant interaction bet...

Significance Competition for common resources can make some species groups thrive and others decline. Flowering plants rose to dominance between 125 and 80 Ma, undergoing an explosive radiation that is believed to have impacted long-established plant groups like gymnosperms. Here, we show that the decline of conifers is strongly and directly linked...

Understanding the biogeographical and diversification processes explaining current diversity patterns of subcosmopolitan-distributed groups is challenging. We aimed at disentangling the historical biogeography of the subcosmopolitan liverwort genus Lejeunea with estimation of ancestral areas of origin and testing if sexual system and palaeotemperat...

The exuberant proliferation of herbivorous insects is attributed to their associations with plants. Despite abundant studies on insect-plant interactions, we do not know whether host-plant shifts have impacted both genomic adaptation and species diversification over geological times. We show that the antagonistic insect-plant interaction between sw...

Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) is currently comprised of ten subspecies, which were originally described under two names, Papilio coon and P. doubledayi before 1909, when they were combined as one species. The main difference between them is the colour of abdomen and hindwing subterminal spots—yellow in coon and red in doubledayi. Wing morphology,...

Aim The Neotropics currently host outstanding levels of species richness, with one‐third of the global tetrapod species. The underlying causes of these extraordinary levels of biodiversity are a topic debated in evolutionary ecology, but the main processes at work remain elusive. Location Neotropics. Time period Cenozoic and Mesozoic. Major taxa...

The comment by Gamisch (2020) draws the attention of users of the R‐package RPANDA (Methods Ecol. Evol., 7, 2016, 589) on situations when properly interpreting the results of linear diversification dependencies requires caution. Here we provide clarifications to help users interpreting their results when using any type of functional diversification...

Three Graphium species belonging to two species groups of the subgenus Pazala, the alebion and tamerlanus groups, were examined in molecular and morphological studies, and their female genitalia are reported for the first time. Their relationship with other species groups within the subgenus is assessed and their divergence times are estimated. We...

Dans les Néotropiques comme ailleurs, la biodiversité actuelle résulte d’un équilibre entre apparition et disparition d’espèces au cours du temps (balance spéciation/extinction). Cette biodiversité témoigne aussi des phases successives d’immigration de nouvelles espèces depuis les régions adjacentes ou des zones plus éloignées, sous l’effet de phén...

The issue is mostly devoted to Neotropical mammals, with original drawings by Mazan and a bunch of nice articles (interchanges, evolution, megafauna, and Caribbean mammals), original illustrations, fantastic drawings by Mazan, and photographs (notably by Antoine Baglan, Quentin Martinez, and Nathan Upham)!

Variations of speciation and extinction rates determine the fate of clades through time. Periods of high diversification and extinction (possibly mass‐extinction events) can punctuate the evolutionary history of various clades, but they remain loosely defined for many biological groups, especially nonmarine invertebrates like insects. Here, we exam...

Significance Many lineages increase in diversity through time, and some of them eventually decline and get replaced. The causes of such diversity decline remain elusive and are especially difficult to understand over a long-time scale and global distribution. Relying on unprecedented species-level fossil datasets spanning the last 140 million years...

Aim Abiotic factors such as global temperature or continental fragmentation may favour speciation through the ecological and geographical isolation of lineages, but macroevolutionary quantifications of such effect with both fossil and phylogenetic data are rarely performed. Here, we propose to use biogeographical estimations and palaeo‐environmenta...

Evolutionary relationships have remained unresolved in many well-studied groups, even though advances in next-generation sequencing and analysis, using approaches such as transcriptomics, anchored hybrid enrichment, or ultraconserved elements, have brought systematics to the brink of whole genome phylogenomics. Recently, it has become possible to s...

The Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus group was recently defined and the status of taxa as well as the number of species was revised. We report here the discovery of a new species from Kon Tum plateau of the Truong Son (Annamite) Range of Central Vietnam, which we describe based on morphological and molecular evidence. Molecular phylogeny shows that the...

The convergent evolution of analogous features is an evolutionary process occurring independently across the tree of life. From the evolution of echolocation, prehensile tail, viviparity or winged flight, environmental factors often drive this astonishing phenomenon. However, convergent evolution is not always conspicuous or easily identified. Gian...

The rise of Neogene C 4 grasslands is one of the most drastic changes recently experienced by the biosphere. A central-and widely debated-hypothesis posits that Neogene grasslands acted as a major adaptive zone for herbivore lineages. We test this hypothesis with a novel model system, the Sesamiina stemborer moths and their associated host-grasses....

Widely known for pest species that include major modulators of temperate forests, the genus Choristoneura is part of the species‐rich tribe Archipini of leafroller moths (Tortricidae). Delimitation of the genus has remained unresolved because no phylogeny has included species endemic to Africa and studies have often omitted the type species of the...

Choristoneura species are well known as temperate forest pests, but delimitation of the genus has remained unresolved. Taxonomic confusion increased when Archips occidentalis (Walsingham) was transferred to Choristoneura, creating a homonym with Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. We reconstructed a phylogeny using DNA for mitochondrial COI and nuc...

The previously recognised closely related species Graphium (Pazala) mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879) and G. (P.) sichuanica (Koiwaya, 1993) are shown to comprise seven species as a result of both molecular and morphological analysis. Molecular dating analysis is also performed on the mandarinus group in order to investigate the divergence time of the ta...

Significance Amazonia is not only the world’s most diverse rainforest but is also the region in tropical America that has contributed most to its total biodiversity. We show this by estimating and comparing the evolutionary history of a large number of animal and plant species. We find that there has been extensive interchange of evolutionary linea...

Mountainous areas contain a substantial part of the world species richness, but the evolutionary origins and diversification of this biodiversity remain elusive. Diversification may result from differences in clade age (longer time to diversify), net diversification rates (faster speciation rate) or carrying capacities (number of niches). The likel...

Swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) have been instrumental in understanding many foundational concepts in biology; despite this, a resolved and robust phylogeny of the group has been a major impediment to elucidating patterns and processes of their ecological and evolutionary history. This study presents a mitogenomic, time-calibrat...

Eusociality, Darwin's special difficulty, has been widely investigated but remains a topic of great debate in organismal biology. Eusocial species challenge existing theories, and the impact of highly integrated societies on diversification dynamics is controversial with opposing assertions and hypotheses in the literature. Here, using phylogenetic...

In macroevolution, the Red Queen (RQ) model posits that biodiversity dynamics depend mainly on species-intrinsic biotic factors such as interactions among species or life-history traits, while the Court Jester (CJ) model states that extrinsic environmental abiotic factors have a stronger role. Until recently, a lack of relevant methodological appro...

Aim The aim was to determine processes driving the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) in New World swallowtail butterfly diversity. We tested three mechanisms commonly invoked to explain the LDG: ecological opportunity, evolutionary rates and biogeographical history. Location New World and Eurasia. Time period Oligocene–Present. Major taxa stu...

Environmental sex determination (ESD) − a change in sexual function during an individual life span driven by environmental cues − is an exceedingly rare sexual system among angiosperms. Because ESD can directly affect reproduction success, it could influence diversification rate as compared with lineages that have alternative reproductive systems....