Fabian Frenzel

Oxford Brookes University · Oxford School of Hospitality Management

Recounting the events of the #NoG20 protests in Hamburg in 2017, particularly the effects of the ban of one large scale protest camp by the authorities, this paper investigates how the protest was re-organized after the ban. Within a wide variety of existing forms of social movement organization (SMO), protest camps are increasingly visible and imp...

Tourism is undergoing major changes in the advent of social media networks and other new forms of digital technology. This has affected a number of tourism related processes including marketing, destination making, travel experiences and visitor feedback but also various tourism subsectors, like hospitality, transportation and tour operators. More...

Tourism is not merely a practice in which heritage is consumed. Tourism also produces heritage. The paper considers the empirical domain of slum tourism, where bottom-up processes of attraction making are dominant. Such attraction making contributes to the recognition of Kibera as part of the urban heritage of Nairobi. Tourists are seeking elements...

Tourists' role in place valorisation processes is increasingly recognised. Not only do tourists play an important role in adding or subtracting value to places of attractions through their presence and practises during their visit, they also engage in value judgements through acts of evaluations, in particular via new online platforms. Such practic...

Social and political organizing and organization has a spatial dimension, and there is increasing interest in academic studies of organization to understand better how space and organization relate, interact, and conflict. There is a range of studies that look at business and workplace organization, but little evidence from social movement organiza...

South African townships have long attracted visitors and for a variety of reasons. Township tourism was first recognized as a specific form of popular tours that emerged in the post-Apartheid years. These tours took place in the main South Africa cities and its most famous townships, generally followed a standard formula in terms of content and tim...

Die Gewalt um den G20-Gipfel wird in Hamburg auch ein gutes Jahr nach den Ereignissen noch kontrovers diskutiert. Wie konnte ein Gipfelprotest in Unruhen mit breiter Beteiligung übergehen? Warum lag bei Polizeimaßnahmen die Schwelle zur Gewalt so niedrig? Der Bericht „Eskalation. Dynamiken der Gewalt im Kontext der G20-Proteste in Hamburg 2017“, de...

Die Chronologie stellt die Ereignisse der Protestwoche im Zeitverlauf zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über das Geschehen vom 2.-9.7.2017 in Hamburg. Ein Prolog und ein Epilog beleuchten zudem konzise Vorlauf und Nachwirkungen. https://g20.protestinstitut.eu/chronologie/

Tourist agency is an area of renewed interest in tourism studies. Reflecting on existing scholarship the paper identifies, develops and critically examines three main approaches to tourism agency, namely the Service-dominant logic, the performative turn, and tourist valorisation. Tourist valorisation is proposed as a useful approach to theorise the...

Since 2012, there has been a significant growth in tourism in inner city Johannesburg. Some of this tourism materialises as walking tours in disadvantaged and relatively poor inner city neighbourhoods, some of which were until recently considered no-go areas. In a paper published in Urban Forum in 2014 (Frenzel 2014), I have analysed this new pheno...

The title of the final section is ‘Reproducing and Re-creating’. Considering camps as home places - places where people feed, care for and house each other, means to see them as sites where social reproduction takes place. This raises a number of questions, for example concerning the balance between social reproduction and more confrontational form...

The book’s second section - ‘Occupying and Colonizing’ - addresses a different set of spatial politics posed by protest camps. The authors are concerned here with the politics of occupying (public) space for protest and the tensions that can arise from this. Urban protest camps, in particular, frequently seek to occupy public space in order to draw...

Despite protest camps’ increasing role as an organisational form of protest, little scholarship has considered protest camps as their own domain of enquiry. What protest camp scholarship that does exist has largely been sporadic and often views camps as either merely functional to the specific movements in which they were created, or sees them as e...

In this section introduction the authors consider the different elements that are brought together to create the material and social infrastructures of camps. Taking seriously the material and social infrastructures of camps, they examine the spatial division of labour within protest camps. They also introduce how the architecture of the public squ...

Introduction All forms of protest have a geography and interact with the spatiality of the world in particular ways (Nicholls, 2009). This is particularly evident in the case of protest camps: they take form and materialise through an occupation of space, a piece of land, for an extended period of time. Many protest camps simultaneously occupy phys...

Present tents: Protest camps in the contemporary world This book examines protest camps as a key expression of contemporary social movement politics. From Tahrir Square to Syntagma Square, from Wall Street to the London Stock Exchange, 2011 was not just the year of the protester, but also the year of the protest camp. From the squares of Spain to t...

Introduction Convergence and assembly in physical space provides a protest camp's foundation. Yet a protest is not only comprised of bodies together in space. The dynamics and political trajectories of a protest camp are formed from the entanglements and interactions of material objects (canvas tents, city roads, bicycles, wooden pallets, tarps and...

Introduction Protest camps occupy a unique position within collective action as they are not only the site of protest but they simultaneously double as home places (hooks, 1990; Roseneil, 2000); places where participants are fed, cared for and sheltered. Previous parts of this book have examined how protest camps manifest their protest in relation...

Introduction This book has taken a journey through sites of protest across the world, attempting to understand better the place-based politics expressed in protest camps and related forms of occupation-based politics. The case studies in this book were organised into three sections that allowed exploration of some of the differing processes through...

Protest camps are a common and recurring feature of social movements around the world. From Tahrir to Taksim, acts of occupying squares, parks and streets together, have made protest camps into a key site of democratic politics in the 21st century. Since the Arab Uprisings and Occupy movement of 2011 brought protest camps to global attention, more...

The visitation of areas of urban poverty is a growing phenomenon in global tourism (Burgold & Rolfes, 2013; Dürr & Jaffe, 2012; Freire-Medeiros, 2013; Frenzel, Koens, Steinbrink, & Rogerson, 2015). While it can be considered a standard tourism practise in some destinations, it remains a deeply controversial form of tourism that is greeted with much...

This article investigates how slums are made into a tourism attraction. We focus in particular on the role of tour guides and tour guiding operations in this process. In the tourism literature in general tour guiding has been subject to much reflection and debate. However, tour guides' role in enabling tourism in new places, in the making of attrac...

Protest camps have become a prominent feature of the post-2010 cycle of social movements and while they have gripped the public and media's imagination, the phenomenon of protest camping is not new. The practice and performance of creating protest camps has a rich history, which has evolved through multiple movements, from Anti-Apartheid to Anti-wa...

In this paper we explore the case of Stokes Croft, Bristol, UK, as a neighbourhood in a city which has appropriated the discourse of the creative industries from the bottom up in order to foster its regeneration against capital’s art of rent. We show how Stokes Croft’s self-branding as a cultural quarter has led to struggles over the creative and c...

This article provides a view on the state-of-the-art literature on slum tourism. It points to the rapid growth of slum tourism research in recent years and highlights the main avenues that research has thus far explored in areas such as slum tourism history, slum tourist subjectivity, resident perspectives, slum tourism operations, economics, and m...

Much attention has been paid to township tourism in South Africa, a practice of tourism that emerged in Apartheid South Africa with different organised tours catering for governmental officials, faith-based groups and anti-apartheid activists. In democratic South Africa, township tourism has developed into a mainstream tourism activity, and operato...

Recently protest camps have emerged around the world as a highly visible form of protest. Part and parcel of new social movement activism for over 40 years, they are important sites and catalysts for identity creation, expression, political contention and incubators for social change. While research has punctually addressed individual camps, there...

This article discusses three communication contexts in which slums have been observed: in the academic debate, in global and urban policy, in popular culture. A sensitivity for these different perspectives matters when investigating the observations on slums that take place in the context of slum tourism. In this tourist practice, selected aspects...

The paper examines the role of slum tourism in poverty relief. To do so, it surveys the state-of-the-art literature on tourism and poverty and investigates the ways in which slum tourism research relates to this literature. Slum tourism research has addressed the question of how the poor may benefit from this practice; however, these efforts have n...

This paper introduces the Special Issue on slum tourism with a reflection on the state of the art on this new area of tourism research. After a review of the literature we discuss the breadth of research that was presented at the conference 'Destination Slum', the first international conference on slum tourism. Identifying various dimensions, as we...

Slum tourism is a globalizing trend and a controversial form of tourism. Impoverished urban areas have always enticed the popular imagination, considered to be places of ‘otherness’, ‘moral decay’, ‘deviant liberty’ or ‘authenticity’. ‘Slumming’ has a long tradition in the Global North, for example in Victorian London when the upper classes toured...

Alternative media form an important part of the global mediascape. Research on this phenomenon is, however, often drawn from studies in the `global North'. In this paper we discuss alternative media in the `global South', by exploring two case studies of cooperation between Northern and Southern partners: IFIWatchnet in South America, and Indymedia...

In Großbritannien konstituiert sich die Klimaschutzbewegung jeneits von NGOs beinahe ausschliesslich in der Protestform des Camps. Seit dem ersten Klimacamp im Sommer 2006 in der Naehe eines der größten britischen Kohlekraftwerke in Yorkshire haben in Großbritannien jährlich weitere Klimacamps stattgefunden. Das Modell ist auch zu einem Exportschla...

Book synopsis: African Media and the Digital Public Sphere examines, from theoretical and empirical perspectives, the claims that new information and communication technologies (ICTs) are catalysts of democratic change in Africa. Contributors do so from optimist, pragmatist-realist and pessimist stances through analyses of words and deeds of variou...