F. Zezulka

Brno University of Technology ·  Centre for Research and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

The paper deals with appropriate possibilities, instrumentation, and technologies for purposes of education, presentation, teaching and research, and development of technologies and procedures of Industry 4.0 ideas, and their implementation in case studies of Factories of the Future. Through the physical module-based production lines of a FESTO Did...

The paper deals with a comparison of initial ideas of the Industry 4.0 activities and the state of the art of recent development of industrial production. Authors demonstrate their professional opinion that standardization of production procedures, communication technologies based on IoT and IIoT, TSN networks, OPC UA protocols, interfaces, new con...

Preface Our future is the world we are going to live in, attracting our fantasies, speculations, fears and hopes. We really would like to know something about it and want to be prepared. Therefore, we observe trends. An obvious trend is that our world gets more and more connected. Information is seamlessly following and doing this quickly. We learn...

The paper goes out from the state of the art in the area of Industry 4.0 initiative of the most developed countries. There are also discussed reasons of Industry 4.0 development and implementation into existing still developed technologies. According to the last development, the term digital twin became a very often-used word. Authors explain diffe...

The paper discusses new trends within communication protocols of the Internet of Things (IoT), focusing especially on the enhancement of the IoT’s real-time abilities and summarizing the long-term knowledge and experience of the authors. Considering the previous standardization attempts of the ISO and IEEE, we may expect that the novel research pro...

The Industry 4.0 concept embodies a topic widely discussed during specialized meetings and tutorials. Originally, this approach was interpreted as an attempt to shift industrial processes towards establishing the fully digitized smart factory; at present, however, it already exerts an influence on many other fields and disciplines. In this article,...

The paper discusses the basics of communication systems for open, safe, secure, near realtime, standardized communication interfaces and examines the problem of a unified architecture to comply with the principles of Industry 4.0 as applied to enterprises of the future. The first part of the analysis presents Open Platform Communication - Unified A...

This paper discusses the smart energy model of a smart grid using a significant share of renewable energy sources combined with intelligent control that processes information from a smart metering subsystem. An algorithm to manage the microgrid via the demand-response strategy is proposed, accentuating the requirement that the total volume of energ...

The goal of the paper is to introduce specialists from industry into the important phenomenon of the recent technology and to explain cyber – physical and informatics background of the platform Industry 4.0 and basic steps in any design and implementation of the Industry 4.0 systems. Authors introduce readers in both the RAMI 4.0 as well as the Ind...

The paper describes the design and management of smart sockets that are wirelessly controlled by a central unit. Each socket has an integrated sensor designed to measure the current consumption of the device; if necessary, this sensor can remotely disconnect the unit plugged in a concrete socket from the AC network. The final section of the article...

This contribution deals with modelling of a smart grid with a significant ratio of renewable energy sources. The physical model of an integrated smart grid enables modelling of different control strategies. The grid was designed to test various methods of control, such as an energy efficiency or a utilization of demand response, along with a weathe...

The paper describes two levels of control that are used for an efficient transfer of energy in a Smart Grid (a lower and higher level). This grid consists of several storage sites and resources. Each part of the model simulates various uses of resources or a storage. The lower level of control handlesa safety of the system and a fundamental moving...

The following paper describes an identification of quadrature inductances of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. This identification is a frequency analysis base on an injection of a harmonic signal to control. This method utilizes knowledge of synchronous motor schema in d-q coordinates and it is based on mutual signals correlation. This method...

The paper discusses a hydrogen circuit embedded in an Electric energy network. The circuit is instrumental for electrical energy storage whenever all the batteries (accumulators) within the network are charged, and a constant energy surplus exists in the network. The generated surplus energy is then converted to hydrogen, which is stored in a metal...

This contribution deals with modelling of a smart grid with a significant ratio of renewable energy sources. The physical model of an integrated smart grid – a smart metering system (SEM) enables modelling of different control strategies. Due to the Energy Efficiency Directive of EU Commission, Article 15.8, authors have applied the Demand response...

The article deals with mathematical modelling of a system for ex-vivo lung perfusion. The system which is modelled here is named Mobile Circulatory Module and is designed for transport of live lungs namely porcine or human lungs. Transported lungs should be used for various research or even for transplantation. The article describes mathematical mo...

Book Chapter in Handbook of sensor networks : compact wireless and wired sensing systems / edited by Mohammad Ilyas and Imad Mahgoub. © 2005 by CRC Press LLC ISBN 0-8493-1968-4 CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431 Chapter 10 Introduction to Industrial Sensor Networking Miroslav Sveda, Petr Benes, Radimir Vrba, Fra...

This contribution deals with an idea of smart grids, a physical realization of a DC smart grid laboratory model (E.E.N.) and a strategy of its control. An authors' idea is to utilize a maximum of renewable energy which is available in an every moment. It would be a logical and the most economical principle, but it is in a contradiction with physica...

The paper describes the connection of a micro-hydropower plant to a 24V experimental smart grid. The principle of the proposed design consists in improving the stability of the current grid and enabling maximum exploitation of the electric energy produced by renewable sources (hydroelectric stations, photovoltaics, wind power plants). In this respe...

The authors present energy sources for an Experimental Electrical Network (E.E.N). The main sources applied are photovoltaic and hydroelectric power plants. For the purposes of modelling the experimental network, the authors describe the measured values of the output power provided by the plants. The performance of the photovoltaic station was meas...

Recent development in the area of renewable energy sources (RES) shows, that situation in countries supporting a great growth of RES, particularly photovoltaic, leads to big problems. Modeling studies show that in a very near future there will be a big surplus of electrical energy production in networks of NN (low voltage networks). It would evoke...

The paper deals with activities towards a design of a methodology to stabilize already existing electrical grids and at the same time utilize the maximum of electrical energy from renewable electrical energy sources. The authors believe that the first step towards a methodology is to create a thorough model of the electrical grid with connecting mo...

The basis of modern teaching in subjects Programmable Logic Controllers and Computer Control Systems is students' practical work with models operated by PLCs (programmable logic controllers) or by industrial computers (IPCs). To enable students to work with the models outside laboratory lessons as well, a web interface with a system of booking is c...

This contribution deals with a system of measurement, prediction and energy saving. The aim of the project is to develop and implement a cheap, simple system for small energy consumers to monitor and to control the energy consumption. By using information from the system, the small consumers could find a way how to save energy or how to move an ene...

Paper deals with two significant trends in the automation and control theory of the last decade. The problems are evoked by a lack between control theory and the automation praxis in the case of Networked Control Systems (NCS) and by penetration of wireless communication used in case of Sensor Networks. Authors define serious theoretical problems i...

Industrial automation has been dominated by fieldbuses for several decades. Legacy fieldbuses, such as Profibus, were able to provide the required functions, as they were precisely tailored to automation needs. Fieldbuses represent a complex communication solution for automation, and they define automation-specific physical and link layers and a de...

The objective of our work is to provide industrial communication based on IP networks with an increased level of determinism and reliability compared to the office IP networks. Our approach is based on the established methods of Quality of Service used in telecommunication networks and verification of our approach by both empirical and analytical m...

The contribution deals with an interesting technology for purposes of industrial automation. The Virtual Automation Networks (VAN) technology is an advanced Ethernet-based industrial communication system which much better corresponds to requirements of industry than all existing Industrial Ethernets. It enables an effective cooperation of public an...

Internetworking technologies have penetrated industrial automation for the last decade gaining enormous popularity. A new trend of network segmentation in automation networks has emerged together with the growing popularity and number of nodes in field. However, neither the Ethernet-based fieldbuses, nor existing network devices are tailored to rou...

This paper deals with principles, architecture and solution to problems of virtual automation networks for purposes of automation. Virtual automation networks represent recent trend of communication in heterogeneous networks in industrial automation. Heterogeneous networks consist of industrial automation systems such as fieldbuses, office LANs, an...

Ethernet-based fieldbuses continuously penetrate industrial automation and many of them have been standardized (PROFINET, EtherCAT, SERCOS III, etc.). This fact fosters utilization of established Internetworking technologies, such as TCP/IP protocol suites and web services with the aim of widening of the communication scope and seamless interconnec...

The paper presents a series of experiments in a simulated environment where two autonomous mobile robots gather randomly distributed objects and cluster them on a pile. The co-ordination of the robots' movements is achieved through stigmergy (an indirect form of communication through the environment). The random moves, necessary for stigmergy based...

Monitoring and diagnosis of complex systems is a challenging problem for designing real-time embedded system and has recently attracted considerable research effons. Thc papcr deals with thc faults dctection and identification by thc tool of timcd automata (TA). Advantage of final state automata with time consideration is in easy implementation int...

This article describes how to use the Bayesian estimation theory to improve the quality of measurement of the OLX8OO instrument. The OLX8OO is an on-line analyzer for automatic process analysis of Ca, Al, Si, Fe or other optional elements in powder materials, used mainly for cement analysis.

Paper deals with industrial applications of Laboratory of Rockwell Control systems that is located in the Department of Control and Measurement Instrumentation of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication of the Brno University of Technology. First part of the paper is dedicated to presentation of the IIW/SW configuration of Laborator...

The article describes the problems of wireless communication in autonomous mobile robots applications. In the first part is given a definition of a cooperative exploration scenario for a group of mobile platforms and the requirements on the communication are evaluated. Then is given an overview of the international wireless standards WiFi, Bluetoot...

This paper presents a model of tube heat exchanger developed for the purpose of on-line diagnostics. The model combines simple set-up, tuning and low computation needs with sufficient accuracy. Basic principles of the modeling and structure of the model is described and a more detailed analysis of important parameters and physical constants influen...

This book chapter introduces major concepts utilized in the area of industrial sensor networking. Main attention is focused on proper communication protocols, network interfaces, and network interconnections. Concurrently, case studies stemming from realized projects demonstrate approaches typical in this application domain.

The paper presents a series of experiments in a simulated environment where two autonomous mobile robots gather randomly distributed objects and cluster them into one pile. The coordination of the robots' movements is achieved through stigmergy (an indirect form of communication through the environment). In order to avoid the drawback of the random...

Production plants of cement, lime and other construction materials have to be equipped by laboratories that carry out analysis of production samples. The most efficient way of the closed loop automatic control of the production quality seems to be the application of smart distributed analysers equipped with embedded PCs. The paper deals with the de...

Contribution deals with recent development in smart sensors that are widely used all over automation projects. Authors present design and development of Internet oriented data concentrator as well as world first Internet oriented single pressure sensor with Ethernet 10BaseT interface, indicate and discuss problems with implementation of advanced co...

Industrial communication plays an important role in industrial measurement and control and particularly in process automation due to trend of decentralization of control systems. Process automation generally includes many areas of engineering (HW, SW, mechanical, chemical...) therefore close cooperation between them is necessary. But generally engi...

This paper presents a robust control approach for a class of production systems, the surface treatment lines. Our research is aimed at implementation techniques of robust control in PLC. A robust control is based on Petri Net modelling; scheduling sequence is described by PN model, equations for on-line control are derived by structural analysis. I...

The demand for integration of all levels of plant control into a single system has been increasing during last years. However the plants have been built on heterogeneous communication technologies that use various approaches for representation of data. Heterogeneity of the plants is faced using combinations of various software and hardware gateways...

Functionality and reliability of automation projects are assumed automatically. On the other hand in the last time there are higher demands on increased fault tolerance as well as on the high reliability and safety in new automation projects, devices and systems. It is the reason that the contribution, seen as a tutorial, deal swith backgrounds of...

Galvanic connection of sensors and actuators to the central control or measurement station is the most popular solution. There are lot of problems where is not possible to use standard metallic cable connection. In some cases is not possible to use cable connection (components are allocated on rotating elements or in hardto reach locations etc.), i...

Industrial communication via Internet plays an important role in the new generation's daily life; thus many standard industrial types of equipments are connected via Internet for purpose of visualisation, configuration and recently control. This contribution deals with one of these industrial equipments-laboratory robot. Readers are familiarised wi...

One of the most important components of recent automation systems of machines, production lines and technological processes is the communication subsystem. Instead of parallel bus connections, the serial buses on various hierarchical levels of control structures are used. This contribution deals with problems of implementation of serial communicati...

Traditional way of interconnection of industrial fieldbuses is used for data acquisition and operator control. This type of interconnection is not suitable for realtime control as it usually uses MS Windows based software gateways that are not capable of real-time processing of information. To assure real-time data transfer it is necessary to use d...

Free programmable fieldbus controller the IX1 is presented in the contribution. It consists of a 12-Bit 24 MIPS processor, integrated data and program memory, a configurable serial fieldbus interface and a flexible user port all on one chip. The controller has been designed to serve as a programmable serial controller with an emphasis on fieldbus s...

This paper deals with hierarchical, multiple fieldbus-based architectures using four case studies that present some concepts reusable in developing the interconnections of intelligent sensors and actuators. The single-master, low-level fieldbusses considered involve (1) ASI (Actuator-Sensor-Interface), which is an example of a lowest-level industri...

The Department of Controls and Automation is part of the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences of Technical University Brno, Czech Republic. One of our laboratories, part of the department’s research and academic programs, is the laboratory of industrial automation. The laboratory utilizes various automation devices such as program...

Deals with higher-level to low-level fieldbus interconnection architectures, using four case studies that can demonstrate diverse fieldbus coupling techniques. The single-master, low-level fieldbusses considered involve ASI (Actuator/Sensor Interface) and NBIP (Nine-Bit Interprocessor Protocol), while the higher-level fieldbusses are represented, a...

Network monitors for low-level, real-time networks should provide useful development and maintenance tools. The presented ASI (Actuator/Sensor Interface) Monitor exemplifies the means for simple digital actuator/sensor-to-controller interconnections. This paper mentions the ASI standard and, next, the two ASI-dedicated monitor implementations, whic...

For direct process control are most frequently used control systems based on PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), industrial controllers and other standard control systems. Applications based on standard industrial control systems and industrial serial networks are usually too expensive for small and very small application. For that reason has be...

Automation devices and systems are developed more and more by embedded Ethernet wired (IEEE 802.3) as well as wireless (IEEE 802.11a – f) interfaces. This development reflects a general tendency that Internet technologies are very favored in the nowadays information society. Next wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and others don't stay far fro...

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