F.-B. Frechen

• Professor Dr.-Ing.
• Head of Department at Universität Kassel (retired)

GERMAN language only. Part 2 of the guideline for odor emission prevention established by the German Water Association (DWA). Case studies (in total 35): Conflict management, odor measurement, wholistic concepts, sewage emissions control and wwtp emissions control. https://webshop.dwa.de/en/dwa-m-154-2-geruchsemissionen-8-2022.html

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Flocculation filtration in deep bed is one of the techniques to achieve advanced phosphorus removal. In addition to particle retention and phosphorus removal, granular activated carbon may serve as a filtration medium but also as an adsorption bed for micropollutants. The aim of the study was to investigate the simultaneous elimination of total pho...

Water security is a major concern for water-scarce cities that face dynamic water challenges due to limited water supply, climate change and increasing water demand. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of the definitions and assessment frameworks concerning urban water security. Several studies have a...

Achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. While several studies have assessed water security at a regional level, many studies have also emphasized the lack of assessment of water security and application of measures to achieve it at the urban level. Recent studies that have focused on measuring urban water security ar...

GERMAN language only! Part 1 of the guideline established by the German Water Association (DWA). Elementary aspects of odor emission treatment for sewage systems: Legal, odor sources, conflict management, sewage systems, wwtp, waste water conditioning, air abatement and wholistic concepts. https://webshop.dwa.de/de/dwa-m-154-1-geruchsemissionen-...

Non-revenue water (NRW) is a major challenge for urban water security in Jordan. Quantifying leakage and pinpointing the location of leaks are difficult tasks in intermittent supply systems. This study aims to provide a structured analysis to determine the volume of leakage and its components in Madaba’s water distribution network. The study also o...

A simple unit - the so called ”waterbackpack PAUL” - is presented that operates with a special ”ultra low pressure ultrafiltration (ULPUF)” and that is suitable in emergencies as well as for permanent use as decentralized water supply. A cost estimation is given revealing that in permanent use this device can create remarkable local value.

The assessment of odour nuisance is complicated and difficult to evaluate. In the past decades, a system has been established putting together several assumptions and conventions. However, ther are some problems and even inconsistencies in this system, that are discussed.

Drop-structures are elements of a sewer network with increased turbulences due to increased slopes, and therefore potential odour emission sources. Odour emissions of those free-fall drops have hardly been investigated yet. Within this study odour emission characteristics of drop-structures was investigated. The odour emission capacity (OEC) was us...

Sewers conveying domestic or even industrial wastewater are subject to release of odours and other compounds from the liquid into the gaseous phase. This can cause odour nuisance and also massive damage to the sewer network itself due to corrosion of concrete and metal. In order to prevent the formation of the responsible substances, mainly sulphid...

The quality of drinking water from the conventional treatment process is not satisfactory, due to serious pollution of China’s surface water. The improvement of the existing water treatment plants is the key to ensure the quality of drinking water in China. Membrane processes are gaining importance in water applications as a result of the advances...

Since the mid-nineties membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been introduced to municipal wastewater treatment in Europe. The first MBR plants went into operation performing a conventional mechanical pre-treatment (MPT) without any advanced treatment units. After a short operation period, clogging caused by fibrous substances and hence module sl...

Odour problems often arise from liquids that contain odorants. Depending upon circum stances like high turbulence etc., these odorants can be stripped off the liquid, generating nuisance in the environment. In order to assess a liquid concerning its ability to emit odorants, it is necessary to measure the total content of odorants in that liquid. T...

In the real world, liquids are a major source of odorous emissions. Thus, it is of high importance to determine the total content of odorants in a liquid, the so called "Odour Emission Capacity of Liquids", by means of the OEC measurement, which is the subject of the guideline VDI 3885 Part 1 currently in preparation. Quantifying the amount of odor...

Four Multigas-sensor systems (so called electronic noses or e-noses) with different sensors and configurations were tested over a period of 6 months at a sewer research plant of the Berliner Wasserbetriebe. They were exposed to different realistic process conditions. The objective was to analyse the applicability of electronic noses for the control...

The frequentness of serious natural disasters will rise against the background of climate change in the next decades. One of the most severe impacts of natural disasters is the interruption of drinking water supply. Contaminated water causes the death of thousands of people worldwide every year. Mobile waterworks used by aid organizations are sophi...

A kinetic model has been developed and kinetic parameters of anaerobic degradation of glycerol, an abundant by-product of biofuel manufacturing, by a consortium of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in a closed system have been determined. The following main species of SRB has been identified in the consortium: Desulfovibrio baarsii, Desulfomicrobium...

Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Produktion von Biosulfid für die Schwermetall- oder Sulfatelimination aus Industrieabwässern hängt ausschlaggebend vom verwendeten Substrat ab und steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Verwertbarkeit der Kohlenstoffquelle durch Mikroorganismen. Leicht zugänglich und einfach in der Handhabung ist Glycerin als Substrat für...

The use of biofilters for air treatment is a common method since decades. Science has the duty to examine existing technologies and find new concepts. This has to be done with regard to the roots and basics of biofiltration and to actual and future demands. Hence, research and development firstly have to conduct performance analysis under laborator...

Odour measurement via olfactometry is expensive and has a low accuracy compared with chemical or physical methods. In addition, olfactometry is not suited for online monitoring. Hence, an accurate online method for emission measurement would be an enormous improvement. There are several options to more or less replace the offline olfactometry by on...

In order to ensure a stable and reliable operation of municipal MBR plants, an enhanced mechanical pre-treatment of the raw wastewater is essential. Removal of hair, fibrous material and other contraries which can lead to operational problems at the membrane modules is of particular importance. As the number of full scale applications is continuous...

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are present in waste water and activated sludge as dissolved and cell-bound products. The determination of the quantity and composition of EPS is not executed routinely but can provide important information about the characteristics of waste water and sludge, in particular with regard to technologies for adv...

In the future, upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) will become the more challenging task than erection of wholly new plants, as most of the plants (e.g. necessary in Germany) do exist already. Since some time, MBR technology has been taken into consideration and has been realised as an alternative for wwtp upgrading. This pape...

Since the mid nineties the MBR technology has been introduced into municipal wastewater treatment in Europe. First wwtps went in operation performing a conventional mechanical treatment without any advanced mechanical pre-treatment unit. After a short operation period braids were hanging between the membranes and hence module sludging was observed....

In recent years problems caused by malodours from sewer systems gain more and more attention. Possible countermeasures include, but are not restricted to: dosing of chemicals, introducing technical ventilation including waste air treatment, change of system essentials, discharge restrictions to industrial sources. All measures that aim to modify th...

When handling odorous liquids as for example with domestic or industrial wastewater in sewers and wastewater treatment plants, knowledge of the amount of odorants in the liquid is essential. To gain this knowledge, the method of measuring the Odour Emission Capacity (OEC-Method) was defined. All odorants of the liquid are stripped off into the gas...

In order to minimize the odorous emissions from sludge storage tanks on the waste water treatment plant "Niederrad" of the city of Frankfurt/Main, about 12.000 m3/h of foul air has to be treated. Due to high Hydrogen-Sulphide (H2S) loads, the installed standard biofilter systems failed operation after one year. Thus, one of the existing filter beds...

Since mid 1999 MBR technology is introduced into domestic wastewater treatment in Germany. First wwtps went in operation performing a conventional mechanical treatment (covering screens, grit chambers and grease traps) without any advanced mechanical pre-treatment stage. After a short operation period module-clogging and hence module sludging was o...

Odour Emission Capacity measurements enable wastewater operators to quantify odours and apply suitable control methods to minimise their impact on local receptors.

In the future, upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) will be more important than the erection of entirely new plants, as most of the plants necessary in Germany already exist. Thus far, membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is not used as an alternative for plant upgrading in Germany. However, at several locations the preconditio...

Massive improvements of municipal wastewater treatment during the last 20 years have significantly reduced the pollution load on our bodies of water. At the same time, pollution load resulting from combined sewer overflows (CSO) has increased, which has made appropriate countermeasures necessary. Up to now, this has been achieved by introducing com...

INTRODUCTION Screening normally is the first mechanical treatment step at the headworks of any wwtp employing vertical slit geometries usually ranging from large through middle gap sizes. Performances of screening systems, single staged or multi staged, or on occasion fine screens (sieves) differing in type of construction, gap geometry and gap siz...

Odors from the wastewater industry can cause major annoyance in the neighborhood. Unlike all other parameters dealing with the characterization of liquids from the wastewater industry, there is no well defined parameter “odor” for liquids, and the field tests available are not very expressive and not useful. Liquids from the wastewater industry com...

INTRODUCTION In the future, upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants will be more important than the erection of wholly new plants, as most of the plants necessary in Germany already exist. The application of MBR technology for the upgrading of conventional plants includes the possibility of using the existing tanks, resulting in an operat...

The determination of the odour mass flow emitted from a source is a very important step and forms the basis for all subsequent considerations and calculations. Wastewater treatment plants, as well as waste treatment facilities, consist of different kinds of odour sources. Unfortunately, most of the sources are passive sources, where no outward air...

Wastewater Treatment plants can cause odour emissions that may lead to significant odour annoyance in their vicinity. Thus, over the past 20 years, several measurements were taken of the odour emissions that occur at WWTPs of different sizes, treatment technology, plant design and under different operating conditions. The specific aspects of odour...

Odour emissions can cause serious annoyance in the neighborhood of the emissions source. Thus, especially in densely populated areas, odour is a topic since several decades in Germany. Development of measurement possibilities and development of odour policy are connected, because formulation of standards as well as control of compliance with these...

Odorous emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants can cause serious annoyance in the vicinity. Odorants which are present in a liquid phase are emitted into ambient air at the liquid-gaseous interface. The amount and the variation of emitted mass flow of odorants is significantly influenced by the amount of odorants which are pre...

Odorous emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants can cause serious annoyance in the vicinity. Odorants which are present in a liquid phase are emitted into ambient air at the liquid-gaseous interface. The amount and the variation of emitted mass flow of odorants is significantly influenced by the amount of odorants which are pre...

This three-part report on the characterization of odour annoyance draws a balance of the past endeavour to objectify the determination of an existing or an expected, however subjectively experienced annoyance caused by odorants in ambient air. The main subject will be technical prescriptions such as standards and guidelines (e.g. VDI Guidelines), b...

This three-part report on the characterization of odour annoyance draws a balance of the past endeavour to objectify the determination of an existing or an expected, however subjectively experienced annoyance caused by odorants in ambient air. The main subject will be technical prescriptions such as standards and guidelines (e.g. VDI Guidelines), b...

This three-part report on the characterization of odour annoyance draws a balance of the past endeavour to objectify the determination of an existing or an expected, however subjectively experienced annoyance caused by odorants in ambient air. The main subject will be technical prescriptions such as standards and guidelines (e.g. VDI Guidelines), b...

Odorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants can cause serious annoyance in the vicinity. According to recently issued federal regulations, when designing new WWTPs or expanding existing ones, expert opinion has to be taken into account. Also problems arise with existing plants that have to be solved. It is necessary to understand the basics...

Annoyance caused by malodors emitted by wastewater treatment plants is a most important problem in the FRG today. The legal regulations existing today in Germany are strict and under discussion with the aim to state even more restrictive stipulations. In the field of “odor-caused annoyance” it is necessary to use test persons as a detector to achie...

Odour emissions caused by wastewater treatment plants can bring serious annoyance to the plant's staff and local residents. A measurement technique is required that corresponds to the human impression of smell. Thus, olfactometry was used to determine the odour strength. Many facts contribute to the formation and release of odorous emissions. Surve...