Ezzeldin A. Soliman

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at American University in Cairo

With the development of nanotechnologies, researchers have brought the concept of antenna to the optical regime for manipulation of nano-scaled light matter interactions. Most optical nanoantennas optimize optical function, but are not electrically connected. In order to realize functions that require electrical addressing, optical nanoantennas tha...

This paper presents a novel cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) suitable for millimeter-wave on-chip systems. The antenna was fabricated from a single high resistivity silicon wafer via micromachining technology. The new antenna was characterized using HFSS and experimentally with good agreement been found between the simulations and exp...

In this paper, a comprehensive integral equation formulation of plasmonic transmission lines is presented for the first time. Such lines are made up of a number of metallic strips with arbitrary shapes and dimensions immersed within a stack of planar dielectric or metallic layers. These lines support a number of propagating modes. Each mode has its...

In this paper, rectennas formed from nanodipole antennas terminated by plasmonic metal–insulator–metal (MIM) travelling wave transmission line rectifiers are developed for ambient thermal energy harvesting at 30 THz. The transmission lines are formed from two strips coupled either vertically or laterally. A systematic design approach is presented,...

In this paper a generalized formulation for the spectral domain Green's functions of unit current sources embedded within a multilayer stack is presented. The current source can be either electric or magnetic. It can be oriented either parallel to the layers or perpendicular to them. The electric and magnetic fields due to these generalized sources...

A detailed Volume Integral Equation (VIE) formulation for planar plasmonic nano structures with finite thickness in flat multi-layers medium is presented. The boundary condition along the localized metallic objects is expressed in terms of the unknown polarization current flowing through these objects in the form of an integral equation, which is s...

A novel nanocrescent antenna with polarization diversity is introduced. It is formed from a crescent-shaped patch fed with a coupled strip transmission line. The antenna is located on top of a ${{\rm SiO}_2}$ thin film with a shielding ground layer underneath. The structure is supported by an arbitrary substrate. Polarization of the radiated field...

In this paper, novel gear-shaped nanoparticles are introduced for the first time to enhance the photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. This has been achieved via increasing the overall power absorption by the PV semiconductor material in both visible and near-infrared ranges. The modes of the new gear-shaped nanoparticles are investigated. A parametric stud...

In this paper, a novel nano antenna with two radiation modes is introduced. The structure of this nano antenna consists of a ring coupler and two patch antennas placed on a SiO2 substrate. The direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern of this nano antenna can be adjusted to be either in the broadside or the endfire direction. The proposed...

This paper presents an integral equation formulation for the calculation of the propagation characteristics of plasmonic transmission lines embedded within a multi-layered structure. The Method of Moments (MoM) technique is adopted in this paper due to its superior advantages over other techniques including the finite difference and finite element...

This paper presents a micormachined quarter wavelength monopole antenna operating at the millimeter wave band for automotive radar application, specifically at 77 GHz. The antenna will be realized using surface micromachining on a low resistive thick silicon substrate and fed by coplanar waveguide. Bulk micromachining is used to etch silicon undern...

In this paper, we present a micromachined dipole antenna with parasitic radiator. The antenna is designed for operation at 60 GHz. It consists of two I g /2 dipole radiators fed by coplanar strips waveguide. Two slightly shorter dipoles are placed in proximity to the main radiators. They act as parasitic dipole arms which increase the bandwidth of...

In this paper a novel nanoparticle structure has been presented to be used in plasmonic photovoltaic to enhance its efficiency. The proposed structure is a silver gear structure that is expected to make good enhancement of light absorption inside the semiconductor forming the photovoltaics (PV) in the visible range of frequencies (200–800 THz). The...

In this paper, we present a CPW-fed crescent antenna for WLAN/Wi-Max applications. The antenna is fabricated using a flexible Rogers substrate, which can be mounted on any surface. The proposed antenna is composed of an outer circular slot with an inner circular patch, whose centers are non-coinciding. The patch has an additional horizontal slot al...

In this paper, new models based on an artificial neural network (ANN) are developed to predict the propagation characteristics of plasmonic nanostrip and coupled nanostrips transmission lines. The trained ANNs are capable of providing the required propagation characteristics with good accuracy and almost instantaneously. The nonlinear mapping perfo...

In this paper we present a novel nanoantenna (nantenna) design for energy harvesting. The nantenna has an “E” shape and is placed on a SiO2 substrate. Its operation is based on the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons through the gold arms of the E shape. By varying the lengths and widths of the arms, two overlapping working bandwidths can be a...

This paper presents two electrically small meander line antennas operating at 915 MHz. The first antenna has dimensions λ 0 /30 by λ 0 /30. It is constructed from a Vivaldi antenna whose two edges are connected through a meander line. The feeding is achieved via a slot line excited by a microstrip located at the backside of the substrate. The anten...

A novel wire-grid array of nanorods is introduced. The array consists of five gold radiating rods and four gold perpen- dicular connecting rods. Each rod represents a plasmonic transmis- sion line supporting single Surface Plasmon Polariton mode guided to the interface between the metal and surrounding dielectric. The propagation characteristics of...

In this paper, a novel compact plasmonic polarization converter is proposed. This rotator is based on conversion between even and odd modes of the coupled nanostrip plasmonic transmission line. The even and odd modes of that line have vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively. The proposed structure is capable of transferring the optical f...

A surface integral equation formulation is presented for electromagnetic scattering by a conducting cylinder coated with multilayers of homogeneous materials. Each layer may have a nonunity relative permittivity and permeability. Both the TM and TE polarizations are considered. The surface equivalence principle is utilized to model the problem wher...

The problem of electromagnetic TE scattering by an infinitely long conducting cylinder coated with an inhomogeneous dielectric/magnetic material is analyzed. A volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) approach is utilized to model the problem. By imposing the boundary conditions on the conducting surface, a surface magnetic field integral equation (...

A volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) formulation is developed for determining the electromagnetic TM scattering by a two-dimensional conducting cylinder coated with an inhomogeneous dielectric/magnetic material. The electric field integral equations (EFIEs) are utilized to derive the VSIE. The surface EFIE is applied to the conducting surface,...

This article introduces a new RFID tag antenna designed for operation at 915 MHz. The proposed antenna is electrically small with dimensions (λ0/15) × (λ0/15). It features two vivaldi‐like apertures flipped with respect to each other around an axis parallel to their slotted edges. Each aperture is loaded with a meander line with multiple loops. The...

This paper presents a reconfigurable micromachined antenna for radiation pattern diversity. It consists of two elements, whose relative excitation phases can be adjusted using a number of delay lines and switches. The beam of the proposed antenna can be switched among three different angles: -25°, 0°, and 25°. Optimization has been carried out usin...

A novel wire-grid array of nanorods is introduced for the first time in this paper. The array consists of five gold radiating rods and four gold perpendicular connecting rods. Via optimizing the lengths of the radiators and connectors, high value of directivity has been obtained. The new array is designed for operation at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, w...

In this paper, an antenna array operating at 60 GHz and realized on 0.675 mm thick silicon substrate is presented. The array is constructed using four micromachined half-wavelength dipoles fed by a corporate feeding network. Isolation between the antenna array and its feeding network is achieved via a ground plane. This arrangement leads to maximiz...

AbstractA novel nantenna is presented in this article. It is formed by locating a gold circular patch inside a circular aperture etched from a gold plate. The centers of the two objects are shifted from each other, which results in having a “crescent‐shaped” aperture. Each of the circular patch and aperture has its own resonance wavelength whose lo...

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The performance of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes is investigated. In this paper, we derive an analytical model that uses the Transfer Matrix Method based on the Airy Functions (AF-TMM) for the tunneling transmission probability through any number of insulating layers. The fast-computing AF-TMM simulator results show a complete matching with th...

A novel miniaturized radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna is introduced in this letter. The antenna is designed to operate at 915 MHz. Its electrical size is (λ0/30)×(λ0/30), which makes it among the smallest antennas presented in literature. The new antenna has a “Vivaldi-like” aperture fed with a slot line coupled electromagnetically...

AbstractA nanoring antenna is introduced for the first time in this article. This nantenna is made by etching a slot ring in a nanogold plate. The proposed nantenna can be easily tuned for operation at any wavelength of interest by varying the diameter of its ring. The proposed nantenna has a pair of hot‐spots that are aligned opposite to each othe...

In this paper a novel MEMS antenna with reconfigurable polarization operating at 60 GHz is presented. This antenna can provide vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, left hand circular polarization (LHCP), or right hand circular polarization (RHCP) based on the states of the switches present in the feeding network. The propos...

A new recursive technique of building series-fed arrays is introduced in this paper. This technique is based on a series-feeding network that distributes the input power uniformly among four output ports. If these output ports are terminated by four radiating elements, a one-by-four array is obtained. If four such arrays are connected using the sam...

Two novel MEMS antennas for 60 GHz applications are introduced in this paper. The first antenna is radiating linearly polarized wave, while circularly polarized wave can be radiated from the second antenna. Both antennas possess good isolation from the driving circuit via the presence of ground metal plane. The fabrication process requires only one...

In this paper, a novel MEMS antenna array is presented. It can be fabricated on a single silicon wafer without any need for wafer bonding or hybrid integration. The proposed array is of the wire-grid type, namely a "brick-wall" structure. Such array can be built by connecting a number of radiating wires via a number of connectors. Unlike the regula...

In point-to-point communication systems, such as satellite communication, antenna with high directivity is needed. The most common way of achieving this requirement is to arrange a number of single elements in an array configuration. The elements of the array are connected using a feeding network. There are two main types of feeding networks, namel...

This paper highlights the challenges of an emergent field, namely, on-chip antenna design. Consistent with the RF System-on-Chip (SoC) concept, co-design strategy for circuits and on-chip antennas is described. A number of design and layout issues, arising from the highly integrated nature of this kind of systems, are discussed. The characterizatio...

In this paper, we present a novel MEMS antenna designed for operation at 77 GHz. The antenna consists of two right-angle metal arms which are supported by two vertical silicon walls. These walls are fabricated using bulk micromachining through Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) process. The two right-angle arms are fed via a microstrip ring coupler w...

Single and dual band-notched antennas are designed applying U-shaped resonators to circular-slot UWB antennas, in order to attenuate interfering signals between 5 and 6 GHz. Simulations and measurements are carried out, which confirm the band-notch behaviour. In the case of the single notch, up to 10 dB gain reduction is achieved, with no significa...

A novel reconfigurable antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna is capable of radiating either linear, left-hand circular, or right-hand circular polarization depending on the status of two switches. It has a radiating slot of the "cusp" shape. This slot supports two orthogonal magnetic current modes. Two perturbations are introduced at spec...

A new microstrip antenna element is presented in this article. The proposed antenna is suitable for integration into an array for satellite TV receivers. It has two metal layers only, which reduces its fabrication cost significantly in comparison with other antennas with more layers. The presented results show that the proposed antenna offers wide...

A novel antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of one circular patch placed on one side of a substrate and one circular slot placed on the other side. The antenna is fed with a microstrip line connected to the circular patch. The radii of the circular patch and slot and the separati...

A novel circularly polarized slot antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating slot etched in a metal layer placed on one side of a dielectric substrate and a dual feed microstrip network placed on the other side. Both modes of the radiating slot are excited via electromagnetic coupling through the substrate. The...

This paper presents a new frequency-sweep approach for the efficient calculation of S-parameters of planar microwave structures. The approach is based on approximating the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the S-parameters using neural networks. Due to its superior performance, radial basis functions neural network (RBF-NN) is...

A novel method is presented in this article for calculating the sensitivities of the impedance and excitation matrices of the method of moments. The proposed method evaluates the required derivatives with respect to a design variable semi-analytically. It is demonstrated that one matrices' fill is enough to achieve the required sensitivities. Two s...

A newly developed brick-wall antenna is presented in this paper. A number of parasitic dipoles are placed in the vicinity of the original ones. The length of these dipoles is slightly shorter than that of the originals. This arrangement allows overlapping working bands, which approximately doubles the impedance bandwidth of the original brick-wall...

This paper presents a novel technique for calculating the sensitivities of the mutual coupling between two patches with respect to the separation distance between them. These sensitivities are calculated analytically with only one matrix fill. If the conventional finite-difference approximation is used instead, two matrix fills would be necessary t...

A novel fractal bow-tie antenna fed with CPW is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a Sierpinski fractal bow-tie patch placed on one side of the substrate and a coupling slot dipole placed on the other side. The geometrical parameters of the antenna are optimized for best performance at 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna has been...

This paper aims at developing a technique to calculate the reflection, absorption, and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a bounded plasma region. The model chosen for this study is a magnetized, steady-state, two-dimensional, nonuniform plasma slab, which is presented by a number of parallel flat layers. It is assumed that the electron densi...

A new technique for design centering of microwave circuits is introduced. This technique exploits the space-mapping interpolating surrogate (SMIS) with a modified ellipsoidal technique. The design centering solution for microwave circuits is obtained with a small number of fine model evaluations and, hence, the number of electromagnetic simulations...

A new neural network model is presented in this paper. It utilizes radial basis functions neural network. The model solves the problem of the electromagnetically coupled microstrip patch antennas. At a specific resonance frequency, the proposed model predicts the optimum geometrical dimensions of both the patch and feeding microstrip line. Moreover...

In this paper a new technique for the evaluation of the Green's functions of filament sources in layered media, is presented. The technique is based on the annihilation of the asymptotic and singular behaviors of a spectral Green's function. The remaining function, after annihilation, is treated using a two levels discrete complex image method (DCI...

A novel planar slot antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna provides dual-polarization and omnidirectional radiation patterns. Hence, it is suitable for hand-held equipments of wireless systems. The proposed antenna is optimized for operation at 5.2 GHz. The antenna, without ground plane extension, occupies an area of 2.17×2.17 cm<sup>2</su...

This paper describes the design and measurement of a 2 × 2 sequential-rotation array (SRA) of circularly polarized antenna elements. A larger 4 × 4 array is also realized by connecting four 2 × 2 SRA subarrays by using a corporate feeding network. The feeding networks of these arrays are built with CPW lines using MCM-D technology. The arrays opera...

We demonstrate, for the first time, the integration of adjoint variable method (AVM) sensitivities and the method of moments (MoM) within an optimization framework, where the S-parameters are used to define the cost function. The AVM efficiently estimates the sensitivities of the S-parameters using only one MoM simulation with some additional overh...

The proposed active antenna, to be realized in the MCM-D technology of IMEC, consists of 2 concentric subarrays of CPW-fed aperture coupled microstrip patches. By feeding the two subarrays with different amplitude and phase the beamwidth and sidelobe level of the antenna can be controlled. Simulations show that the beamwidth can be controlled betwe...

A new technique for accelerating the frequency sweep of MoM planar solvers is presented. It is referred to as the rapid frequency sweep (RFS) technique. The technique starts at the central frequency of the simulation band. At this frequency point, it calculates a number of basis integrals for each inner product term involved in the filling of the M...

An electromagnetic feasible adjoint sensitivity technique (EM-FAST) has been proposed recently for use with frequency-domain solvers . It makes the implementation of the adjoint variable approach to design sensitivity analysis straightforward while preserving the accuracy at a level comparable to that of the exact sensitivities. The overhead comput...

In this paper, novel radial basis function-neural network (RBF-NN) models are presented for the efficient filling of the coupling matrix of the method of moments (MoM). Two RBF-NNs are trained to calculate the majority of elements in the coupling matrix. The rest of elements are calculated using the conventional MoM, hence the technique is referred...

In this article, two models for solving microstrip lines are presented. The models utilize radial-basis-function neural networks. Using the first model, one estimates the effective dielectric constant and the width of the microstrip line, knowing its characteristic impedance and the frequency. The second model provides the effective dielectric cons...

Recently, an adjoint variable method (AVM) for sensitivity calculations has been proposed for use with the method of moments solvers. In this paper, we extend this method to be suitable for application to multiport devices. The target objective function is usually represented in terms of the device's S-parameters. Our AVM obtains the sensitivities...

In this paper a neural network model is presented for solving the two-dimensional inverse scattering problem of a metal strip. The proposed model estimates the location of the strip based on the back-scattering field measurements at a few distant points. A radial basis functions neural network is adopted. Besides its remarkably fast response, the p...

In this paper, a generalized two-dimensional formulation for solving planar guiding structures is presented. The formulation is capable of analyzing guiding structures consisting of an arbitrary number of slots and strips with arbitrary width, thickness, and conductivity in a full-wave regime. Integral equations solved with the method of moments in...

In this article, neural networks are employed for fast and efficient calculation of Green's functions in a layered medium. Radial basis function networks (RBFNs) are effectively trained to estimate the coefficients and the exponents that represent a Green's function in the discrete complex image method (DCIM). Results show very good agreement with...

In this paper a new artificial neural network (ANN) based model for the calculation of the method of moments (MoM) matrix elements is presented. Training sets that characterize the matrix elements are first constructed. These sets are then utilized to effectively train two radial basis function (RBF) neural networks to accurately estimate all the e...

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of planar antenna arrays in the MCM-D technology are presented. The arrays are fed by coplanar feeding networks built using coplanar-waveguide lines. 2×2 and 4×4 arrays of slot dipoles designed to work in K-band, around 25 GHz, are also presented. The analysis was carried out both theoret...